This book presents a conceptualization of social emergence in international relations as a novel angle to analyse institutional dynamics in East Asia, introducing the concept of emergence from a critical realist perspective. The author examines East Asia’s characteristic mesh work of regional institutions that affect integrative processes and regional policies, exploring how such institutions emerge and acquire their own nature and why this pattern persists over time, an unresolved and contested subject in the field of International Relations. This book suggests that regional institutions are emergent entities of the international system that arise as forms of self-organization by states to achieve certain emergent properties and powers. The author’s approach sheds light on the particular emergent properties and powers of regional institutions and identifies discourse as a key mechanism of social emergence. Besides engaging in relevant questions of the philosophy of science and its methodological implications for studying social emergence in world politics, the book also analyses the concrete case of two East Asian regional institutions: ASEAN Plus Three and the East Asia Summit. This book will engage scholars and postgraduate students of Asian Studies and International Relations.
This paper looks at the current status and role of specific commercial contract law both national and international in view of recent European contract law reform. It reviews the value and necessity of a special and separate contract law for merchants in a global market and discusses critically the terminology, doctrine and objectives which this law is based upon. For a long time the choice of transnational law rules which are often non-state law has been marginalised and made impossible in state court proceedings. The new Common European Sales Law circumvents this problem by proposing to be used as national law. International practice in commercial dispute settlement may therefore still remain at the forefront of promoting and modelling the use of transnational contract law.
In this groundbreaking new book, the Showkeirs take something people typically think of as merely functional—ordinary conversations—and show the power they have to create, sustain, and change the very nature of workplace culture. Conversations can lead to an engaged and energized workforce, or to one that is alienated and uninspired. If you want to change the culture you must change the conversations. All too often workplace conversations—between managers and direct reports, peer-to-peer, or with external stakeholders— create parent-child relationships. People hide facts, sugarcoat reality and claim helplessness to try to control interactions and get what they want. The Showkeirs expose the destructiveness of these manipulative conversations, and demonstrate how we can move to honest and authentic interactions that create adult relationships. By intentionally and thoughtfully changing conversations, organizations will engender increased commitment, true accountability, and improved workplace performance. Drawing on more than 25 years of experience as organizational consultants, their book offers examples of parent-child and adult-adult workplace conversations in a variety of settings, circumstances and industries. They also provide a hands-on guide, including sample scripts, for dealing with a host of potentially difficult conversations. Authentic Conversations goes to the heart of why so many people today are disengaged, uninspired, and uncommitted to their organization’s success. It challenges the conventional wisdom about managing people and sets out specific, concrete ways to consciously make conversations the primary driver for change.
The U.S. Army is facing a time of great change. The security environment is becoming increasingly complex and uncertain, with defense challenges multiplying. At the same time, the Army is adjusting to rapidly diminishing operational demands, falling endstrength, reorganization, and tightening budgets. Given these new realities, the CSIS Harold Brown Chair in Defense Policy Studies examined the current state of the soldier/squad system and how it might be best advanced in the face of constrained budgets. The effort was conducted under the rubric of the Ground Forces Dialogue, a Brown Chair effort aimed at facilitating a broad, sustained, web-based conversation about the future of U.S. ground forces.
A panoramic history of the antiquarians whose discoveries transformed Renaissance culture and gave rise to new forms of art and knowledge In the early fifteenth century, a casket containing the remains of the Roman historian Livy was unearthed at a Benedictine abbey in Padua. The find was greeted with the same enthusiasm as the bones of a Christian saint, and established a pattern that antiquarians would follow for centuries to come. The Art of Discovery tells the stories of the Renaissance antiquarians who turned material remains of the ancient world into sources for scholars and artists, inspirations for palaces and churches, and objects of pilgrimage and devotion. Maren Elisabeth Schwab and Anthony Grafton bring to life some of the most spectacular finds of the age, such as Nero’s Golden House and the wooden placard that was supposedly nailed to the True Cross. They take readers into basements, caves, and cisterns, explaining how digs were undertaken and shedding light on the methods antiquarians—and the alchemists and craftspeople they consulted—used to interpret them. What emerges is not an origin story for modern archaeology or art history but rather an account of how early modern artisanal skills and technical expertise were used to create new knowledge about the past and inspire new forms of art, scholarship, and devotion in the present. The Art of Discovery challenges the notion that Renaissance antiquarianism was strictly a secular enterprise, revealing how the rediscovery of Christian relics and the bones of martyrs helped give rise to highly interdisciplinary ways of examining and authenticating objects of all kinds.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-510/ Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of substances that have been widely used in articles since many years. They are found wherever extreme conditions prevail and particularly high demands are placed on materials. Their use spans over many different sectors ranging from fire-fighting foams to the manufacture of everyday articles like water-repellent outdoor jackets or stain-proofing agents.On the other side, PFASs are not easily degradable and can remain in the environment for decades. In addition, the use of PFASs has raised human and environmental concerns. In Europe, some PFASs are therefore classified as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) under the REACH Regulation. The following report provides an overview of currently available analytical methods for PFASs in different matrices.
Handbook of Neural Computing Applications is a collection of articles that deals with neural networks. Some papers review the biology of neural networks, their type and function (structure, dynamics, and learning) and compare a back-propagating perceptron with a Boltzmann machine, or a Hopfield network with a Brain-State-in-a-Box network. Other papers deal with specific neural network types, and also on selecting, configuring, and implementing neural networks. Other papers address specific applications including neurocontrol for the benefit of control engineers and for neural networks researchers. Other applications involve signal processing, spatio-temporal pattern recognition, medical diagnoses, fault diagnoses, robotics, business, data communications, data compression, and adaptive man-machine systems. One paper describes data compression and dimensionality reduction methods that have characteristics, such as high compression ratios to facilitate data storage, strong discrimination of novel data from baseline, rapid operation for software and hardware, as well as the ability to recognized loss of data during compression or reconstruction. The collection can prove helpful for programmers, computer engineers, computer technicians, and computer instructors dealing with many aspects of computers related to programming, hardware interface, networking, engineering or design.
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2012 in the subject Sport - Sport Economics, Sport Management, grade: cum laude, Sport Academy Cologne (Institut für Sportökonomie und Sportmanagement), language: English, abstract: The study examines the question why some members utilitze their fitness club membership only little. This behaviour seems to be odd under microeconomic theory assuming human beings to maximize profits. An estimated 30% of fitness club members in Germany utilize their membership rarely but still do not intend to cancel despite ongoing monthly fees. In order to answer the question of the thesis, utility functions are employed embedding not only traditional economic factors such as money and time but also variables from social sciences, particularly from motivation theory and sport science. Further, recent findings from flat rate effects are elaborated whether to have an impact on non-attendance behaviour. The work adds to a young field in economics, namely to behavioural economics. Economic studies so far predominantly examined on consumption behaviour and the quantity thereof but not on possible utility of non-consumption behaviour. The examination is not only interesting from a theoretical perspective, it also gives practical implications and recommendations to fitness club managers and fitness club consumers. Having insight into determinants of non-consumption behaviour might help fitness club managers to identify customers who attend infrequently but pay regular fees. In this, fitness club managers can implement successful acquisition and relationship management strategies. On the other hand, fitness club consumers can derive conclusions from the study in order to become aware of their behaviour and to possibly behave more cost-efficiently in the future.
Process-related considerations in strategy research and approaches to managerial cognition constitute two highly valuable, yet still only limitedly integrated, fields of interest in strategic management. To fill this void, the work starts from a cognitive perspective with the overall aim of examining the emergence of organisational strategies in strategic processes. The central research object 'strategy' is thereby conceptualized as shared strategic orientations among an organisation's key actors. The existing gap between strategy process research and cognitive strategy research is closed on a conceptual level first by developing and specifying a socio-cognitive perspective on strategic processes. In recognition of the central importance of social interactions in this context, the focus is then set on a specific core forum for strategic activities, i. e. strategic decision making groups. In this, the nature and the role of social interactions for the developing strategy-related knowledge structures is examined first conceptually, leading to the development of a socio-cognitive model on strategic decision making in groups, followed by a qualitative empirical study in this kind of activity forum. With its truly interdisciplinary nature, the dissertation is of interest for strategy scholars as it enlarges the pool of knowledge in strategic management both content-wise and also method(olog)ically with the innovative empirical research approach adopted. For practitioners contributions are made by detailing the different dimensions of strategic processes and hence sensitizing to important factors for careful overall process designs. At the micro level, concrete suggestions are derived for composing and instructing strategy teams in such a way as to allow for efficient interchanges during the discussions themselves, as well as to enable the effectiveness of these efforts beyond the specific group context and for the performance of the wider organisation.
In the last fifty years, religion in America has changed dramatically, and Mainline Protestantism is following suit. This book reveals a fundamental transformation taking place in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The ELCA is looking to postdenominational Christianity for inspiration on how to attract people to the pews, but is at the same time intent on preserving its confessional, liturgical tradition as much as possible in late modernity. As American religion grows increasingly experiential and individualistic, the ELCA is caught between its church heritage and a highly innovative culture that demands participative structures and a personal relationship with the divine. In the midst of this tension, the ELCA is deflating its church hierarchy and encouraging people to become involved in congregations on their own terms, while it continues to celebrate its confessional, liturgical identity. But can this balance between individual and institution be upheld in the long run? Or will the democratization and pluralization of the faith ultimately undermine the church? This book explores how the ELCA attempts to resist the forces of Americanization in late modernity even as it slowly but surely comes to resemble mainstream American religion more and more.
We construct a comprehensive public sector balance sheet for Finland from 2000 to 2016 by complementing general government statistics with data on public corporations and public pensions. We show that exposure to valuation changes in equity markets through asset holdings and increases in pension liabilities relative to GDP amplify crisis impacts on public finances. We expand the balance sheet by including present value estimates of future fiscal flows; this allows us to perform fiscal stress tests and policy experiments. These analyses suggest that Finland’s public finances will remain sound provided ongoing reform and consolidation efforts to address aging pressures are implemented as planned.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2024-510/ Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of substances that have been widely used for decades due to their surface-active properties. However, their characteristic resistance to degradation in combination with other properties of concern for human health and the environment has resulted in regulatory actions such as restrictions towards this group of substances, in the EU and globally. Compliance with restrictions as well as enforcement by authorities is key to reduce intentional use of restricted PFAS in articles and chemical products. To analyse PFAS accurately, robust and reliable analytical methods are required. This report evaluates the current situation related to PFAS-analyses and enforcement (including challenges and needs) and propose measures/strategies to enable and/or improve enforcement of, and compliance with current and future, PFAS restrictions.
This volume of the series Space Life Sciences provides insights into the latest findings of gravity research and the effect of gravity on biological systems, specifically on a cellular and molecular level. It starts by explaining the underlying physics of gravity and presenting some novel ideas on the basic principles of gravity perception. It then goes on to discuss how, in response to gravity perception, secondary messengers such as calcium and hydrogen peroxide, might control responses further downstream, like gene and protein expression and modulation. Further, it describes the consequences for animal and plant cells as well as for metabolism. Written by experts in the field, this book is a valuable resource for students and researchers in biochemistry, medicine and biomedicine, wanting to gain a solid understanding of membrane biology, secondary messenger function and gene and protein expression, specifically in the context of gravity.
The continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of functionalized and non-functionalized nanoparticle dispersions was pursued. Besides improving the understanding of the relationship between process variables and the resulting nanoparticle dispersions, the usability of this process was extended by introducing clickable organic modifiers, a step toward the development of a convenient and versatile process for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles with universal anchors on their surface."--Publisher's website.
With a focus on lifelong learning, this book examines the shifts that UNESCO’s educational concepts have undergone in reaction to historical pressures and dilemmas since the founding of the organization in 1945. The tensions between UNESCO’s humanistic worldview and the pressures placed on the organization have forced UNESCO to depart from its utopian vision of lifelong learning, while still claiming continuity. Elfert interprets the history of lifelong learning in UNESCO as part of a much bigger story of a struggle of ideologies between a humanistic-emancipatory and an economistic-technocratic worldview. With a close study of UNESCO’s two education flagship reports, the Faure and Delors reports, Elfert sheds light on the global impact of UNESCO’s professed humanistic goals and its shifting influence on lifelong learning around the world.
In recent years, a large number of books and articles on Foucault has been published. Almost all of the book-size studies are expository and introductory. Indeed, there seems to be no other modern philosopher with reference to whom a comparable numberofintroductionshavebeen produced in such a short period. Most ofthe articles too provide over views, rather than critical assessments or rational reconstructions, even though there existsby now a small numberoffine papers also inthe two latter genres. Moreover, more often than not, writers on Foucault approach his work as part and parcel of so-called "postmodern" philo sophy. They concentrate on topics like the "death of the subject", the relation ofFoucault's work to. Derrida or Habermas, or its significance for postmodern art and culture. Without wanting to deny the merits, either of introductory exposi tions, or ofstudies that read Foucault as a postmodern thinker, it seems to me that these received perspectives have tended to leave central areas and aspects ofFoucault's work somewhat underexposed. As I see it, the most important of these areas are such as would suggest reading Fou cault from the vantage point of recent developments in the philosophy, sociology and history of science.
Die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Rolle des Web als eine ńeue Technologieíst momentan in der Auflösung begriffen. Vor zehn Jahren aber kam das Web mit diversen Utopien im Gepäck. Insbesondere im Vokabular, welches versucht das Neue zu beschreiben, finden sich utopische Elemente. In dieser Studie wurde eine spezifische Untergruppe des Vokabulars untersucht: die Nutzertypen.
Written by and for nurse practitioners, and also suitable for physician's assistants, Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider, 4th Edition focuses on what you need to know to safely and effectively prescribe drugs for primary care. An emphasis on patient teaching helps you gain patient adherence to prescribed drug regimens, and guidelines for health promotion help in maintaining and improving your patients' health. Now in full color, this edition expands the book's emphasis on the QSEN priorities of safety and evidence-based practice, and adds coverage of new drugs, new drug classes, and new therapeutic drug uses. Written by leading nurse practitioner authorities Marilyn Winterton Edmunds and Maren Stewart Mayhew, Pharmacology for the Primary Care Provider teaches principles of pharmacotherapeutics using today's most commonly used drugs. - A Key Drugs focus highlights the most commonly used and most representative drugs of each major drug class — with particular emphasis on the top 100 most commonly prescribed drugs. - Emphasis on patient teaching helps you communicate with patients and family caregivers to promote adherence to the drug regimen. - Emphasis on health promotion describes how to help patients stay well and improve their health, including coverage of immunizations and biologicals, vitamins, weight management, and smoking cessation. - Evidence-Based Decision-Making and Treatment Guidelines chapter (11) provides practical guidelines for using the best current research evidence to make decisions about the care of individual patients. - Extensive coverage of drug therapy for special populations such as geriatric and pediatric patients includes considerations related to age, pregnancy, race, and other factors. - UNIQUE! Coverage of prescriptive practice includes topics such as prescriptive authority, role implementation, and the role of nurses (NPs, CNMs, CRNAs, and CNSs) and physician assistants in writing prescriptions. - NEW! Full-color design and illustrations highlight the most important content. - DRUG UPDATES reflect the latest FDA-approved drugs, drug classes, and therapeutic uses. - Expanded emphasis on the QSEN priorities of safety and evidence-based practice helps you eliminate drug prescribing errors with color-highlighted Safety Alerts! and NEW Clinical Practice Alerts! - NEW section on male hormone replacement therapies adds coverage of men to that for women. - Updated evidence-based prescribing information reflects the latest national clinical practice guidelines and evidence-based treatment guidelines, including the latest clinical treatment guidelines for diabetes. - NEW! Complementary and Alternative Products tables highlight interactions with drugs, and are emphasized with a distinctive icon. - Updated Drug Overview tables are enhanced with color as well as Top 100 icons that highlight the most commonly prescribed drugs.
This book presents a conceptualization of social emergence in international relations as a novel angle to analyse institutional dynamics in East Asia, introducing the concept of emergence from a critical realist perspective. The author examines East Asia’s characteristic mesh work of regional institutions that affect integrative processes and regional policies, exploring how such institutions emerge and acquire their own nature and why this pattern persists over time, an unresolved and contested subject in the field of International Relations. This book suggests that regional institutions are emergent entities of the international system that arise as forms of self-organization by states to achieve certain emergent properties and powers. The author’s approach sheds light on the particular emergent properties and powers of regional institutions and identifies discourse as a key mechanism of social emergence. Besides engaging in relevant questions of the philosophy of science and its methodological implications for studying social emergence in world politics, the book also analyses the concrete case of two East Asian regional institutions: ASEAN Plus Three and the East Asia Summit. This book will engage scholars and postgraduate students of Asian Studies and International Relations.
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