Give and Take offers a new history of government in Tokugawa Japan (1600–1868), one that focuses on ordinary subjects: merchants, artisans, villagers, and people at the margins of society such as outcastes and itinerant entertainers. Most of these individuals are now forgotten and do not feature in general histories except as bystanders, protestors, or subjects of exploitation. Yet despite their subordinate status, they actively participated in the Tokugawa polity because the state was built on the principle of reciprocity between privilege-granting rulers and duty-performing status groups. All subjects were part of these local, self-governing associations whose members shared the same occupation. Tokugawa rulers imposed duties on each group and invested them with privileges, ranging from occupational monopolies and tax exemptions to external status markers. Such reciprocal exchanges created permanent ties between rulers and specific groups of subjects that could serve as conduits for future interactions.This book is the first to explore how high and low people negotiated and collaborated with each other in the context of these relationships. It takes up the case of one domain—Ōno in central Japan—to investigate the interactions between the collective bodies in domain society as they addressed the problem of poverty.
Anchoring the book are eleven tried and true chapters providing principles and best practices for managing and governing community arts organizations; raising funds; and presenting, promoting, and evaluating arts programs. Four new chapters cover fundamentals of personnel management, writing successful funding proposals, advocating effectively for the arts, and maximizing the arts' role in the economic development of communities. Nationally recognized leaders and authors in the community arts field offer historical and contemporary context regarding the role of the arts in community, as well as insights about arts education and cultural access--two important dimensions of local arts agencies' work. Also new are Online Companions to several chapters. Easily accessed Online Companions offer expanded exploration of subject matter; worksheets and other practical tools that can be downloaded and used or adapted; and valuable resource listings that point to organizations, publications, and websites."--From publisher description.
Following the success of her unputdownable debut, Escape Room, Maren Stoffels is back with a new standalone horror novel about a twisted game master who has no intention of letting their players go. “You have been chosen to participate in a new Escape Room. You can bring one person. The one you trust the most. Your very best friend.” When Lexi receives an invitation to participate in a brand-new escape room, along with her best friend Tess, she’s thrilled. They could both use the distraction after a recent tragedy. But once inside, they learn that they must compete against one another. What do you do when your best friend suddenly becomes your biggest adversary, and every choice you make puts her in danger? How far will you go to win?
Celebrating a birthday isn't fun when there's a killer on the loose in this scream-worthy read from the author of ESCAPE ROOM. No parents, no rules. Fender, Linnea, Lucas, and Kate are celebrating Kate’s birthday in a luxury hotel. They’re here to have fun and make forever memories. They all know not to bring up what happened last year, especially on this weekend. All that matters is having the most epic time ever. But the party is over. Someone is leaving messages at their door. Someone who knows exactly what happened a year ago. Someone who wants revenge. Underlined is a line of totally addictive romance, thriller, and horror paperback original titles coming to you fast and furious each month. Enjoy everything you want to read the way you want to read it.
Process-related considerations in strategy research and approaches to managerial cognition constitute two highly valuable, yet still only limitedly integrated, fields of interest in strategic management. To fill this void, the work starts from a cognitive perspective with the overall aim of examining the emergence of organisational strategies in strategic processes. The central research object 'strategy' is thereby conceptualized as shared strategic orientations among an organisation's key actors. The existing gap between strategy process research and cognitive strategy research is closed on a conceptual level first by developing and specifying a socio-cognitive perspective on strategic processes. In recognition of the central importance of social interactions in this context, the focus is then set on a specific core forum for strategic activities, i. e. strategic decision making groups. In this, the nature and the role of social interactions for the developing strategy-related knowledge structures is examined first conceptually, leading to the development of a socio-cognitive model on strategic decision making in groups, followed by a qualitative empirical study in this kind of activity forum. With its truly interdisciplinary nature, the dissertation is of interest for strategy scholars as it enlarges the pool of knowledge in strategic management both content-wise and also method(olog)ically with the innovative empirical research approach adopted. For practitioners contributions are made by detailing the different dimensions of strategic processes and hence sensitizing to important factors for careful overall process designs. At the micro level, concrete suggestions are derived for composing and instructing strategy teams in such a way as to allow for efficient interchanges during the discussions themselves, as well as to enable the effectiveness of these efforts beyond the specific group context and for the performance of the wider organisation.
This book presents a conceptualization of social emergence in international relations as a novel angle to analyse institutional dynamics in East Asia, introducing the concept of emergence from a critical realist perspective. The author examines East Asia’s characteristic mesh work of regional institutions that affect integrative processes and regional policies, exploring how such institutions emerge and acquire their own nature and why this pattern persists over time, an unresolved and contested subject in the field of International Relations. This book suggests that regional institutions are emergent entities of the international system that arise as forms of self-organization by states to achieve certain emergent properties and powers. The author’s approach sheds light on the particular emergent properties and powers of regional institutions and identifies discourse as a key mechanism of social emergence. Besides engaging in relevant questions of the philosophy of science and its methodological implications for studying social emergence in world politics, the book also analyses the concrete case of two East Asian regional institutions: ASEAN Plus Three and the East Asia Summit. This book will engage scholars and postgraduate students of Asian Studies and International Relations.
Fine Sediment in Open Water is mainly written for professional engineers working in estuaries and coastal systems. It provides the basis for a fundamental understanding of the physical, biological and chemical processes governing the transport and fate of fine sediment in open water and explains how this understanding can steer engineering studies with numerical models. This is a unique treatment of processes at a variety of spatial and temporal scales, from the micro-scale (colloid scale) to system-wide scales, and from intra-tidal time periods to decades.Beginning with the processes governing the transport and fate of fine sediment in shallow open water, the first eight chapters are dedicated to the hydrodynamic, soil mechanics and biological processes which determine fine sediment concentrations in the water column, in/on the bed and the exchange of sediment between bed and water column. The next two chapters treat the net fluxes of fine sediment as a function of asymmetries in forcing and sediment properties. These fundamental processes form the basis for the subsequent chapters on modeling in which the governing equations are presented, and tools are provided to aggregate and parameterize the various processes elaborated in the first eight chapters. Further, any numerical model study should be based on a conceptual model, as illustrated in the final five chapters, which provide examples of numerical modeling studies on the transport and fate of fine sediment in a coastal sea, an estuary, a tidal river, a lake, and around and within a harbor basin.Related Link(s)
Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1,7, University of Mannheim, course: Legislative Behaviour and Political Representation in the European Parliament, language: English, abstract: This research paper deals with the topic of the representation deficit in the European Parliament. It is observed, whether party cohesion as a form of legislative behaviour, influences the degree of citizens’ subjective perceptions of an adequate political representation. High levels of party cohesion are expected to create individual impressions of an adequate political representation. To test this theory, I generated a roll-call votes dataset to measure party cohesion since 2017. Together with the latest version of the Eurobarometer dataset of 2018, I observe the subjective level of political representation. The empirical analysis through an ordered logistic regression shows that the hypothesis can cautiously be confirmed, meaning that higher levels of party cohesiveness are associated with higher degrees of subjective political representation.
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2024-510/ Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of substances that have been widely used for decades due to their surface-active properties. However, their characteristic resistance to degradation in combination with other properties of concern for human health and the environment has resulted in regulatory actions such as restrictions towards this group of substances, in the EU and globally. Compliance with restrictions as well as enforcement by authorities is key to reduce intentional use of restricted PFAS in articles and chemical products. To analyse PFAS accurately, robust and reliable analytical methods are required. This report evaluates the current situation related to PFAS-analyses and enforcement (including challenges and needs) and propose measures/strategies to enable and/or improve enforcement of, and compliance with current and future, PFAS restrictions.
Handbook of Neural Computing Applications is a collection of articles that deals with neural networks. Some papers review the biology of neural networks, their type and function (structure, dynamics, and learning) and compare a back-propagating perceptron with a Boltzmann machine, or a Hopfield network with a Brain-State-in-a-Box network. Other papers deal with specific neural network types, and also on selecting, configuring, and implementing neural networks. Other papers address specific applications including neurocontrol for the benefit of control engineers and for neural networks researchers. Other applications involve signal processing, spatio-temporal pattern recognition, medical diagnoses, fault diagnoses, robotics, business, data communications, data compression, and adaptive man-machine systems. One paper describes data compression and dimensionality reduction methods that have characteristics, such as high compression ratios to facilitate data storage, strong discrimination of novel data from baseline, rapid operation for software and hardware, as well as the ability to recognized loss of data during compression or reconstruction. The collection can prove helpful for programmers, computer engineers, computer technicians, and computer instructors dealing with many aspects of computers related to programming, hardware interface, networking, engineering or design.
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