This book analyses the processes of commodification and decommodification which have wrought changes in Polish society since 1945. Examining the case of Poland, this book also explores comparisons to other countries in the Eastern European region. It is the first book to capture long-term social change from the perspective of commodification and decommodification processes. This book will appeal to sociologists, economists, historians, anthropologists and political scientists, especially to students and scholars interested in theoretical economics and economic sociology as well as Central and Eastern Europe.
Wecowski offers a comprehensive account of the origins of the symposion and its close relationship with the rise of the Greek city-state or polis. Held by Greek aristocrats from Homer to Alexander the Great, its distinctive feature was the importance of diverse cultural competitions among the guests.
This book is the first to offer a justice-focused cognitive reading of modern YA speculative fiction in its narrative and filmic forms. It links the expansion of YA speculative fiction in the 20th century with the emergence of human and civil rights movements, with the communitarian revolution in conceptualizations of justice, and with spectacular advances in cognitive sciences as applied to the examination of narrative fiction. Oziewicz argues that complex ideas such as justice are processed by the human mind as cognitive scripts; that scripts, when narrated, take the form of multiply indexable stories; and that YA speculative fiction is currently the largest conceptual testing ground in the forging of justice consciousness for the 21st century world. Drawing on recent research in the cognitive and evolutionary sciences, Oziewicz explains how poetic, retributive, restorative, environmental, social, and global types of justice have been represented in narrative fiction, from 19th century folk and fairy tales through 21st century fantasy, dystopia, and science fiction. Suggesting that the appeal of these and other nonmimetic genres is largely predicated on the dream of justice, Oziewicz theorizes new justice scripts as conceptual tools essential to help humanity survive the qualitative leap toward an environmentally conscious, culturally diversified global world. This book is an important contribution to studies of children’s and YA speculative fiction, adding a new perspective to discussions about the educational as well as social potential of nonmimetic genres. It demonstrates that the justice imperative is very much alive in YA speculative fiction, creating new visions of justice relevant to contemporary challenges.
This volume analyses current debates concerning problems in the nature, justification, and legal protection of human rights for minorities, with reference to the issues surrounding social milieu as a source of any legitimized law, which is in itself in need of legal recognition as well as being an object of legal protection. With contributions from a global network of scientists across several continents, the work examines the debate dedicated to the understanding of the normative framework, expressed in terms of human rights that guarantee autonomous action in public and private for minority groups as well as individuals. The chapters go on to study the particular claims that need to be audible and visible for others in the public sphere with reference to the legal protection of human rights. The work concludes with the completion of an interpretative circle debating the issues of legal consensus and legal identity with respect to the specificity of the patterns and modes guiding human interactions. Going beyond the legal analysis to discuss communication strategies in human rights, this collection will be of great interest to those studying the philosophy and theory of law, practical philosophy in general, political sciences and theory of democracy.
Ostracism is by far the most emblematic institution of ancient Athenian democracy. This volume offers a reassessment of recently found ostraka (or potsherds, on which the names of the 'candidates' for exile were inscribed by citizens) from several Greek cities outside Athens, a thorough reconstruction of the history and of the procedure of ostracism in Athens, and a comprehensive account of the political circumstances of the introduction of the law on ostracism by Cleisthenes in 508/507 BCE. Marek Węcowski's original study focuses not only on the final stage, the day of the vote, but on the entire operation and procedure of ostracisation. Tracing the logic of the political play in Athens between the opening and final stages of ostracism, Węcowski argues that Athenian ostracism was a mechanism devised to impose compromise on the main players in Athenian political life, thereby avoiding the punishment of political elites by exile of leading politicians resulting from unpredictable votes by the citizenry. To support this hypothesis, Węcowski turns to the theory of the 'evolution of cooperation' as formulated by the American mathematician and political scientist Robert Axelrod based on the iterated prisoner's dilemma in game theory, applied as a probabilistic analogy to the dynamics of Athenian political life under democracy.
The Dawn of the Planet of the b-Pawns! “There can be no Plan B because there is no Planet B,” said UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. We disagree when it comes to chess. In this book you will see analyzed not only 1.d4 b5 (the Polish Defense) but also the St. George Defense (1.e4 e6 2.d4 a6 intending 3...b5), 1.Nf3 b5, also 1.f4 b5 and, most shocking of all, 1.e4 a6 2.d4 b5. Grandmasters have lost to these systems; other Grandmasters even try them out themselves when they have the black pieces. No, an early ...b7-b5 is not Plan A. However, if you want to humiliate the opposition by being literally eccentric (off-center) and disrespectful ... Welcome to Planet B! After studying this book, I feel that you should be comfortable using the Polish Defense in your games; it will boost your creativity and will allow you to notch unexpected victories... Although the Polish may not be ideal as a full-time weapon, its version of unorthodoxy will embarrass your opponents, especially if you are well-armed to endure the opening phase. The present work ensures that this is accomplished and gives you valuable tips for the middlegame as well. – Grandmaster Vassilios Kotronias in his Foreword At the end of each chapter, there are fully annotated illustrative games, and at the very end of the book over a hundred unannotated games from recent practice have been added. In many respects, these represent the most important part of the book. These examples show what human players actually play and just how effective this underrated defense is.
This monograph is a detailed introduction to the nascent and ever-evolving fields of metamaterials and nanophotonics, with key techniques and applications needed for a comprehensive understanding of these fields all detailed. These include the 'standard' and high-accuracy 'nonstandard' FDTD techniques, finite-difference frequency-domain mode solvers, the transfer matrix method, analytic calculations for dielectric and plasmonic waveguides, dispersion, Maxwell-Bloch and density functional theory, as well as design methods for constructing metamaterials and nanolasers, and quantum plasmonics. The book is intended for final-year undergraduates, as well as postgraduates or active researchers who wish to understand and enter these fields in a 'user-friendly' manner, and who have a basic understanding of and familiarity with electromagnetic theory.
Marek Maria Pienkowski was born in Lodz, Poland, on Sept. 8, 1945, with a hereditary title of nobility in the country enduring the tribulations of World War II longer than any other in Europe. Pienkowski's rebellion against Poland's loss of independence after the war began at age five or six, when he became a founding member, with two friends, of the modestly-named Organization to Liberate Poland. The trio recognized that liberation required secret identities, so the author was Snake and his friends were Fox and Wolf. His conflicts with the Polish Communist Party escalated to the point where he left Poland rather than accepting an offer of party membership. He eventually made his way to the United States, where he pursued opportunities in Philadelphia, Baltimore, East Lansing, and Detroit before settling in Knoxville, Tennessee. A noted Polish-American scientist, biomedical entrepreneur, and founder of a network of clinics, Dr. Pienkowski advanced cancer research, genetic engineering, and treatment of immunological disease. He has been a prolific patron of the arts, formally accredited cultural ambassador, and counselor to US governors, representatives, senators, and presidents. From breaking the suffocating confines of Communist rule to making groundbreaking medical discoveries, achieving great financial success, and acting to bring human cultures together, the author looks back at his extraordinary life in this inspirational memoir.
The Historia Romana was the most popular work on Roman history in the Middle Ages. A highly interesting aspect of its transmission and reception are its many redactions which bear witness to the continuous development of the text in line with changing historical contexts. This study presents the very first classification of such rewritings, and produces new insights into historiographical discourse in the Middle Ages. Drawing on an analysis of the paraphrase contained in the manuscript Bamberg Hist. 3, which is edited here for the first time, the author offers numerous examples of textual transformations of language, style and ideology, all of which give us a clearer picture of textual fluidity in medieval historiography.
This book analyses the processes of commodification and decommodification which have wrought changes in Polish society since 1945. Examining the case of Poland, this book also explores comparisons to other countries in the Eastern European region. It is the first book to capture long-term social change from the perspective of commodification and decommodification processes. This book will appeal to sociologists, economists, historians, anthropologists and political scientists, especially to students and scholars interested in theoretical economics and economic sociology as well as Central and Eastern Europe.
The book compares five newly emerged democracies in Europe, South East Asia, Latin America and Africa. Cutting across vastly dif¬fer¬ent historical and cultural backgrounds it tells the story of how societies come to terms with a painful past and how politics, culture and the economy intertwine in the process of creating new democratic nations.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) analysis techniques are used in science, technology and medicine to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system, without causing damage or altering the article being inspected. It is a highly valuable technique that can save money and time in product evaluation, troubleshooting, and research. Well known and widely used in industrial applications since the 60s, the NDT market is developing and growing fast. This book focuses on electromagnetic NDT methods and more specifically on the motion induced eddy current testing and evaluation (MIECTE) techniques used for conductive materials via electromagnetic methods, focusing on the Lorentz force eddy current testing (LET) method which was introduced recently. The authors present the modelling and simulation of LET systems as well as the optimal design of the measurement setups. They also show the wide variety of applications of the LET method including defect identification and sigmometry to estimate electrical conductivity of the tested material.
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