Computational Mechanics of Composite Materials lays stress on the advantages of combining theoretical advancements in applied mathematics and mechanics with the probabilistic approach to experimental data in meeting the practical needs of engineers. Features: Programs for the probabilistic homogenisation of composite structures with finite numbers of components allow composites to be treated as homogeneous materials with simpler behaviours. Treatment of defects in the interfaces within heterogeneous materials and those arising in composite objects as a whole by stochastic modelling. New models for the reliability of composite structures. Novel numerical algorithms for effective Monte-Carlo simulation. Computational Mechanics of Composite Materials will be of interest to academic and practising civil, mechanical, electronic and aerospatial engineers, to materials scientists and to applied mathematicians requiring accurate and usable models of the behaviour of composite materials.
This volume focuses on various aspects of interleukin-27 (IL-27), especially its potential for clinical applications. The authors discuss the downstream signaling from the IL-27 receptor and its molecular targets in immune cells including Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Tr1, Tfh, B cells, DCs and macrophages. The inhibition of Th17 cells by IL-27 is vital for the maintenance of the feto-maternal tolerance and the prevention of lupus, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune uveitis, immune thrombocytopenia and atherosclerosis. However, the same inhibitory capabilities compromise the immune response to bacterial pathogens, and IL-27 is a pathogenic factor in sepsis and tuberculosis. Also covered are the conflicting reports on the role of IL-27 in rheumatoid arthritis, the effect of IL-27 on epithelia, which seems to play a role in asthma, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases, and the direct cytotoxic and anti-vascular effects of IL-27, which make it a promising agent for the treatment of cancer. Accordingly, this volume will be of interest to researchers and clinicians alike.
Medical Biochemistry combines basic science and clinical medicine in a thorough yet accessible, easy-to-read format, and this new edition reflects the latest information on genetic and molecular biology. A new chapter and additional online case studies cover new areas in the field and help clarify difficult concepts. You’ll still get the dynamic, full-color design that makes this biochemistry textbook such an effective resource - complete with case histories, advanced concept boxes, and color illustrations. And, as a Student Consult title, it is fully searchable online with a unique image library, case studies, USMLE-style questions, and online note-taking to enhance your learning experience. Demonstrates the relevance of biochemistry to practice through Clinical Boxes integrated into the text. Provides in-depth coverage of important topics in Advanced Concept Boxes on recent research and more. Explains difficult concepts by working through online case studies that help you apply basic knowledge to clinical practice. Presents the most common lab tests in Clinical Test Boxes that makes referencing and reviewing quick and easy. Offers Active Learning Boxes to allow you to test your knowledge at the end of each chapter and improve retention. Features a new chapter on Genome, Proteome and Metabolome for the latest coverage of these new areas in biochemistry, as well as one on Carbohydrates and Lipids. Includes expanded material on molecular biology to present the nuances of the subject and address those questions that arise during research. Presents 25 additional Case Studies and MCQ’s online with questions and answers that reinforce the material covered.
This book provides the first graduate-level, self-contained introduction to recent developments that lead to the formulation of the configuration-interaction approach for open quantum systems, the Gamow shell model, which provides a unitary description of quantum many-body system in different regimes of binding, and enables the unification in the description of nuclear structure and reactions. The Gamow shell model extends and generalizes the phenomenologically successful nuclear shell model to the domain of weakly-bound near-threshold states and resonances, offering a systematic tool to understand and categorize data on nuclear spectra, moments, collective excitations, particle and electromagnetic decays, clustering, elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections, and radiative capture cross sections of interest to astrophysics. The approach is of interest beyond nuclear physics and based on general properties of quasi-stationary solutions of the Schrödinger equation – so-called Gamow states. For the benefit of graduate students and newcomers to the field, the quantum-mechanical fundamentals are introduced in some detail. The text also provides a historical overview of how the field has evolved from the early days of the nuclear shell model to recent experimental developments, in both nuclear physics and related fields, supporting the unified description. The text contains many worked examples and several numerical codes are introduced to allow the reader to test different aspects of the continuum shell model discussed in the book.
For a long time, all thought there was only one geometry — Euclidean geometry. Nevertheless, in the 19th century, many non-Euclidean geometries were discovered. It took almost two millennia to do this. This was the major mathematical discovery and advancement of the 19th century, which changed understanding of mathematics and the work of mathematicians providing innovative insights and tools for mathematical research and applications of mathematics.A similar event happened in arithmetic in the 20th century. Even longer than with geometry, all thought there was only one conventional arithmetic of natural numbers — the Diophantine arithmetic, in which 2+2=4 and 1+1=2. It is natural to call the conventional arithmetic by the name Diophantine arithmetic due to the important contributions to arithmetic by Diophantus. Nevertheless, in the 20th century, many non-Diophantine arithmetics were discovered, in some of which 2+2=5 or 1+1=3. It took more than two millennia to do this. This discovery has even more implications than the discovery of new geometries because all people use arithmetic.This book provides a detailed exposition of the theory of non-Diophantine arithmetics and its various applications. Reading this book, the reader will see that on the one hand, non-Diophantine arithmetics continue the ancient tradition of operating with numbers while on the other hand, they introduce extremely original and innovative ideas.
In the contemporary world, we can see the increasing risk of crises. In the second half of the first decade of the 21st century the most serious consequences were caused by the economic and financial crisis, the eruption of which in 2007 shattered the foundations of the global economy and revealed the need to include the emerging powers within the framework of global economic governance. One of the centres of a global network structure being the forum for a dialogue between states and non-state entities in the sphere of global governance is the group of twenty (G20). This book is devoted to the analysis of functioning of the G20 at the leaders' level as a relatively new international cooperation club existing since 2008 where top-level representatives of systemically significant countries meet, authorised to make decisions which are of key importance for the international community. The book is divided in two parts. The first part shows the origin, course and meaning of specific historical/political processes which led to the emergence of G20 Leaders'. Also, cause and effect relationships have been indicated and conclusions drawn with regard to the significance and further functioning of the group. Part two is the analysis of preparation, course and effects of subsequent G20 summits in the years 2008-2013.
The ability for a material to change properties in response to external stimuli is an attractive feature for numerous applications and as such stimuli responsive materials are gaining attention across many different fields. This book introduces the concepts of stimuli-responsiveness, including the fundamental materials properties required for design. It provides readers with comprehensive scientific principles and developments of stimuli responsive materials, as well as the recent technological advances. Written by a renowned expert in the field, this book is suitable for anyone interested in stimuli responsive materials working in polymers, biochemistry, biotechnology and materials science.
Subhas Chandra Bose visited Poland in July 1933. There were so far practically no sources to find what the purpose of the visit was. Why did he decide to go to Poland? The only information existing in this respect was that Bose had meetings with the orientalists of the academic centres. Basing on the documents of the Embassy of Poland in Vienna, Consulate of Poland in Bombay as well as original letters of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland and other central state institutions in Poland, all from the years 1933-1936, I have come to the conclusion that the purpose of Bose's visit to Poland was well defined but the ideas he had in mind about Indo-Polish relations could materialise only after almost four decades. The paper should be read together with the original documents which are included in original Polish version and in English translation.
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