Microcontroller programming is not a trivial task. Indeed, it is necessary to set correctly the required peripherals by using programming languages like C/C++ or directly machine code. Nevertheless, MathWorks® developed a model-based workflow linked with an automatic code generation tool able to translate Simulink® schemes into executable files. This represents a rapid prototyping procedure, and it can be applied to many microcontroller boards available on the market. Among them, this introductory book focuses on the C2000 LaunchPadTM family from Texas InstrumentsTM to provide the reader basic programming strategies, implementation guidelines and hardware considerations for some power electronics-based control applications. Starting from simple examples such as turning on/off on-board LEDs, Analog-to-Digital conversion, waveform generation, or how a Pulse-Width-Modulation peripheral should be managed, the reader is guided through the settings of the specific MCU-related Simulink® blocks enabled for code translation. Then, the book proposes several control problems in terms of power management of RL and RLC loads (e.g., involving DC-DC converters) and closed-loop control of DC motors. The control schemes are investigated as well as the working principles of power converter topologies needed to drive the systems under investigation. Finally, a couple of exercises are proposed to check the reader’s understanding while presenting a processor-in-the loop (PIL) technique to either emulate the dynamics of complex systems or testing computational performance. Thus, this book is oriented to graduate students of electrical and automation and control engineering pursuing a curriculum in power electronics and drives, as well as to engineers and researchers who want to deepen their knowledge and acquire new competences in the design and implementations of control schemes aimed to the aforementioned application fields. Indeed, it is assumed that the reader is well acquainted with fundamentals of electrical machines and power electronics, as well as with continuous-time modeling strategies and linear control techniques. In addition, familiarity with sampled-data, discrete-time system analysis and embedded design topics is a plus. However, even if these competences are helpful, they are not essential, since this book provides some basic knowledge even to whom is approaching these topics for the first time. Key concepts are developed from scratch, including a brief review of control theory and modeling strategies for power electronic-based systems.
The utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, or solar energy, among others, is currently of greater interest. Nevertheless, since their availability is arbitrary and unstable this can lead to frequency variation, to grid instability and to a total or partial loss of load power supply, being not appropriate sources to be directly connected to the main utility grid. Additionally, the presence of a static converter as output interface of the generating plants introduces voltage and current harmonics into the electrical system that negatively affect system power quality. By integrating distributed power generation systems closed to the loads in the electric grid, we can eliminate the need to transfer energy over long distances through the electric grid. In this book the reader will be introduced to different power generation and distribution systems with an analysis of some types of existing disturbances and a study of different industrial applications such as battery charges.
Microcontroller programming is not a trivial task. Indeed, it is necessary to set correctly the required peripherals by using programming languages like C/C++ or directly machine code. Nevertheless, MathWorks® developed a model-based workflow linked with an automatic code generation tool able to translate Simulink® schemes into executable files. This represents a rapid prototyping procedure, and it can be applied to many microcontroller boards available on the market. Among them, this introductory book focuses on the C2000 LaunchPadTM family from Texas InstrumentsTM to provide the reader basic programming strategies, implementation guidelines and hardware considerations for some power electronics-based control applications. Starting from simple examples such as turning on/off on-board LEDs, Analog-to-Digital conversion, waveform generation, or how a Pulse-Width-Modulation peripheral should be managed, the reader is guided through the settings of the specific MCU-related Simulink® blocks enabled for code translation. Then, the book proposes several control problems in terms of power management of RL and RLC loads (e.g., involving DC-DC converters) and closed-loop control of DC motors. The control schemes are investigated as well as the working principles of power converter topologies needed to drive the systems under investigation. Finally, a couple of exercises are proposed to check the reader’s understanding while presenting a processor-in-the loop (PIL) technique to either emulate the dynamics of complex systems or testing computational performance. Thus, this book is oriented to graduate students of electrical and automation and control engineering pursuing a curriculum in power electronics and drives, as well as to engineers and researchers who want to deepen their knowledge and acquire new competences in the design and implementations of control schemes aimed to the aforementioned application fields. Indeed, it is assumed that the reader is well acquainted with fundamentals of electrical machines and power electronics, as well as with continuous-time modeling strategies and linear control techniques. In addition, familiarity with sampled-data, discrete-time system analysis and embedded design topics is a plus. However, even if these competences are helpful, they are not essential, since this book provides some basic knowledge even to whom is approaching these topics for the first time. Key concepts are developed from scratch, including a brief review of control theory and modeling strategies for power electronic-based systems.
In a fascinating and accessible style, Marco Piccolino and Nick Wade analyse the scientific and philosophical work of Galileo Galilei from the particular viewpoint of his approach to the senses (and especially vision) as a means of acquiring trustworthy knowledge about the constitution of the world
Solid State NMR A thorough and comprehensive textbook covering the theoretical background, experimental approaches, and major applications of solid-state NMR spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful non-destructive technique capable of providing information about the molecular structure and dynamics of molecules. Alongside solution-state NMR, a well-established technique to study chemical structures and investigate physico-chemical properties of molecules in solutions, solid-state NMR (SSNMR) offers many exciting possibilities for the analysis of solid and soft materials across scientific fields. SSNMR shows unique capabilities for a detailed investigation of structural and dynamic properties of materials over wide space and time ranges. For this reason, and thanks to significant advances in the past several years, the application of SSNMR to materials is rapidly increasing in disciplines such as chemistry, physics, and materials and life sciences. Solid State NMR: Principles, Methods, and Applications offers a systematic introduction to the theory, methodological concepts, and major experimental methods of SSMR spectroscopy. Exploring the unique potential of SSNMR for the structural and dynamic characterization of soft and either amorphous or crystalline solid materials, this comprehensive textbook provides foundational knowledge and recent developments of SSNMR, covering physical and theoretical background, experimental methods, and applications to pharmaceuticals, polymers, inorganic and hybrid materials, liquid crystals, and model membranes. Written by two expert authors to ensure a clear and consistent presentation of the subject, this textbook: Includes a brief introduction to the historical aspects and broad theoretical background of solid-state NMR spectroscopy Provides helpful illustrations to explain the various SSNMR concepts and methods Features accessible descriptive text with self-consistent use of quantum mechanics Covers the experimental aspects of SSNMR spectroscopy and in particular a description of many useful pulse sequences Contains references to relevant literature Solid State NMR: Principles, Methods, and Applications is the ideal textbook for university courses on SSNMR, advanced spectroscopies, and a valuable single-volume reference for spectroscopists, chemists, and researchers in the field of materials.
This study investigates the properties of a set of Italian adverbs (among others: pure ‘also’, solo ‘only’, un po’ ‘a bit’) that, in specific contexts of use, modify the speech acts in which they appear. On the one hand, these elements specify the way in which a speech act should be interpreted with reference to the specific interactional context, modifying its illocutionary force. On the other hand, they index presupposed/inferred meanings active in the common ground of the interaction, integrating the speech act in the common ground. These functions closely resemble those of the elements that, especially in the German linguistic tradition, are called modal particles. Drawing on original data from Italian – both from the standard language and regional varieties – the goal of the study is to describe the synchronic features of these elements and to explain the emergence of the modal uses. For this purpose, it jointly employs theoretical notions of pragmatics (speech act theory, inferences in interaction), models of language change (reanalysis and conventionalization) and the descriptive tools of sociolinguistic approaches. Through the presentation of four case studies, integrating corpus and questionnaire data, the present work gives a thorough analysis of the modal functions and the contexts of use of the adverbs under investigation: it explores their role at the semantics/pragmatics interface, it discusses their place in a layered model of grammar and it examines their distribution across different language varieties.
This book explores social cohesion in rural settlements in western Europe from 700–1050, asking to what extent settlements, or districts, constituted units of social organisation. It focuses on the interactions, interconnections and networks of people who lived side by side – neighbours. Drawing evidence from most of the current western European countries, the book plots and interrogates the very different practices of this wide range of regions in a systematically comparative framework. It considers the variety of local responses to the supra-local agents of landlords and rulers and the impact, such as it was, of those agents on the small-scale residential group. It also assesses the impact on local societies of the values, instructions and demands of the wider literate world of Christianity, as delivered by local priests.
In this insightful new text, Cristina Ziliani and Marco Ieva trace the evolution of thinking and practice in loyalty management. From trading stamps to Amazon Prime and Alibaba 88 Membership, they present a fresh take on the tools, strategies and skills that underpin its key significance in marketing today. Loyalty management is increasingly identified with the design and management of a quality customer experience on the journey across the many touchpoints that connect the customer with the brand. Evaluating the research on best practice and offering concrete examples from industry, the authors argue that existing schemes and systems are not just things of the past but should be the optimal starting point for companies needing to foster customer loyalty in an omnichannel world. Drawing on 20 years of experience in research, consulting and teaching, the authors have compiled a unique research-based practice-oriented text. It will guide marketers, business leaders and students through the changes in marketing thought and practice on loyalty management as well as offering practical guidance on the skills and capabilities that companies need if they want to be successful at delivering essential loyalty-driving customer experiences.
Algebraic Topology is a system and strategy of partial translations, aiming to reduce difficult topological problems to algebraic facts that can be more easily solved. The main subject of this book is singular homology, the simplest of these translations. Studying this theory and its applications, we also investigate its underlying structural layout - the topics of Homological Algebra, Homotopy Theory and Category Theory which occur in its foundation.This book is an introduction to a complex domain, with references to its advanced parts and ramifications. It is written with a moderate amount of prerequisites — basic general topology and little else — and a moderate progression starting from a very elementary beginning. A consistent part of the exposition is organised in the form of exercises, with suitable hints and solutions.It can be used as a textbook for a semester course or self-study, and a guidebook for further study.
This book aims to elucidate the current state of surgery for meningiomas of the posterior cranial fossa, seven decades after Professors Castellano and Ruggiero authored their book in 1953. The diagnosis and surgical treatment of these lesions posed an extraordinary challenge 70 years ago. In the words and descriptions of the 71 cases operated on by Olivecrona, each of us can still sense the emotion of someone venturing into unexplored terrain, striving to pave the way for those who would follow. Since 1953, thousands of meningiomas of the posterior cranial fossa have undergone surgery in Europe and around the world. This implies that many have traversed the path forged by Olivecrona in Europe and Cushing in the USA. While the road is now well-defined, our task today is to make this journey increasingly accessible. We must lay more stones on this path, illuminate it with lights, ensuring that no one loses their way. We cannot predict what the little path marked by Olivecrona and Erik Lindgren will become in another 70 years, but we hope for it to transform into a grand thoroughfare. A route that all neurosurgeons can navigate without losing their way, leading effortlessly and joyously to the singular goal we have always pursued: the health of our patients.
This book offers an introduction to artificial adaptive systems and a general model of the relationships between the data and algorithms used to analyze them. It subsequently describes artificial neural networks as a subclass of artificial adaptive systems, and reports on the backpropagation algorithm, while also identifying an important connection between supervised and unsupervised artificial neural networks. The book’s primary focus is on the auto contractive map, an unsupervised artificial neural network employing a fixed point method versus traditional energy minimization. This is a powerful tool for understanding, associating and transforming data, as demonstrated in the numerous examples presented here. A supervised version of the auto contracting map is also introduced as an outstanding method for recognizing digits and defects. In closing, the book walks the readers through the theory and examples of how the auto contracting map can be used in conjunction with another artificial neural network, the “spin-net,” as a dynamic form of auto-associative memory.
This paper examines the usefulness of asset prices in predicting recessions in the G-7 countries. It finds that asset price drops are significantly associated with the beginning of a recession in these countries. In particular, the marginal effect of an equity/house price drop on the likelihood of a new recession can be substantial. Equity price drops are, however, larger and are more frequent than house price drops, making them on average more helpful as recession predictors. These findings are robust to the inclusion of the term-spread, uncertainty, and oil prices. Lastly, there is no evidence of significant bias resulting from the rarity of recession starts.
The research program in gamma-ray astronomy focuses on increasing our knowledge of the nature and origin of galactic and extragalactic gamma rays, and understanding high-energy processes in the Sun, celestial objects, interstellar medium, and extragalactic space. This book not only provides an overview of the latest research and future plans for space-borne and ground-based experiments dedicated to the observation of the gamma-ray sky, but also addresses the topic of variable gamma-ray sources from the perspective of their identification and counterparts at different wavelengths. It further gives an overview of the theory related to the most qualified emission processes that take place in these sources and of the nature of their variability. Sample Chapter(s). Integral: 4 Years in Orbit (767 KB). Contents: The Suzaku Mission (K Yamaoka); Gamma-Ray Astrophysics with AGILE (F Longo et al.); The GLAST Mission (J E McEnery); Recent Results from CANGAROO (M Mori); VERITAS: Status and Performance (J Holder); Gamma Ray Pulsars in the GLAST Era (M Razzano); Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Burst (M Della Valle); Solving GRBs and SGRs Puzzles by Precessing Jets (D Fargion et al.); Multiwavelength Observations and Theories of Blazars (G Tosti); Gamma Ray Bursts (L Amati); X-Rays and GeV Flares in GRB Light Curves (A Galli et al.); The Online Monitor for the GLAST Calibration Unit Beam Test (L Baldini et al.); Gamma-Ray Burst Physics with GLAST (N Omodei); The Global Fit Approach to Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of GRBs (A Chernenko); and other papers. Readership: Gamma-ray astronomers; astrophysicists; students and researchers involved in gamma-ray astronomy, both theoretical and experimental; researchers in the development of new gamma-ray detectors.
The study of higher dimensional categories has mostly been developed in the globular form of 2-categories, n-categories, omega-categories and their weak versions. Here we study a different form: double categories, n-tuple categories and multiple categories, with their weak and lax versions.We want to show the advantages of this form for the theory of adjunctions and limits. Furthermore, this form is much simpler in higher dimension, starting with dimension three where weak 3-categories (also called tricategories) are already quite complicated, much more than weak or lax triple categories.This book can be used as a textbook for graduate and postgraduate studies, and as a basis for research. Notions are presented in a 'concrete' way, with examples and exercises; the latter are endowed with a solution or hints. Part I, devoted to double categories, starts at basic category theory and is kept at a relatively simple level. Part II, on multiple categories, can be used independently by a reader acquainted with 2-dimensional categories.
Temos o prazer de lançar o primeiro livro internacional do ano de 2022 voltado a área do desenvolvimento, que tem como título Principles and concepts for development in nowadays society, essa obra contém 152 artigos voltados a área multidisciplinar, sendo a mesma pela Seven Publicações Ltda. A Seven Editora, agradece e enaltasse os autores que fizeram parte desse livro. Desejamos uma boa leitura a todos
Category Theory now permeates most of Mathematics, large parts of theoretical Computer Science and parts of theoretical Physics. Its unifying power brings together different branches, and leads to a deeper understanding of their roots.This book is addressed to students and researchers of these fields and can be used as a text for a first course in Category Theory. It covers its basic tools, like universal properties, limits, adjoint functors and monads. These are presented in a concrete way, starting from examples and exercises taken from elementary Algebra, Lattice Theory and Topology, then developing the theory together with new exercises and applications.Applications of Category Theory form a vast and differentiated domain. This book wants to present the basic applications and a choice of more advanced ones, based on the interests of the author. References are given for applications in many other fields.
This book is dedicated to preparing prospective college students for the study of mathematics. It can be used at the end of high school or during the first year of college, for personal study or for introductory courses. It aims to set a meeting between two relatives who rarely speak to each other: the Mathematics of Beauty, which shows up in some popular books and films, and the Mathematics of Toil, which is widely known. Toil can be overcome through an appropriate method of work. Beauty will be found in the achievement of a way of thinking. The first part concerns the mathematical language: the expressions “for all”, “there exists”, “implies”, “is false”, ...; what is a proof by contradiction; how to use indices, sums, induction. The second part tackles specific difficulties: to study a definition, to understand an idea and apply it, to fix a slightly wrong argument, to discuss suggestions, to explain a proof. The third part presents customary techniques and points of view in college mathematics. The reader can choose one of three difficulty levels (A, B, C).
This book documents the state of the art in combinatorial optimization, presenting approximate solutions of virtually all relevant classes of NP-hard optimization problems. The wealth of problems, algorithms, results, and techniques make it an indispensible source of reference for professionals. The text smoothly integrates numerous illustrations, examples, and exercises.
Italian unification is one of the pivotal events in European history but the period leading up to Risorgimento has often been analysed in less detail. This book focuses on the history of the Italian states between 1815 and 1860 focusing on state institutions, international relations, economic and fiscal policies, living conditions and culture.
This exploration of the environmental practices of Benito Mussolini’s fascist regime invites readers to consider the ecological connections of all political projects. “We might think we see a mountain while it was a war; a forest can actually be an engine; a monument to workers might reflect the violence of a colonial empire.”—extracted from Mussolini’s Nature In this first environmental history of Italian fascism, Marco Armiero, Roberta Biasillo, and Wilko Graf von Hardenberg reveal that nature and fascist rhetoric are inextricable. Mussolini’s Nature explores fascist political ecologies, or rather the practices and narratives through which the regime constructed imaginary and material ecologies functional to its political project. The book does not pursue the ghost of a green Mussolini by counting how many national parks were created during the regime or how many trees planted. Instead, the reader is trained to recognize fascist political ecology in Mussolini’s speeches, reclaimed landscapes, policies of economic self-sufficiency, propaganda documentaries, reforested areas, and in the environmental transformation of its colonial holdings. The authors conclude with an examination of the role of fascist landscapes in the country’s postwar reconstruction: Mussolini’s nature is still visible today through plaques, monuments, toponomy, and the shapes of landscapes. This original, and surprisingly intimate, environmental history is not merely a chronicle of conservation in fascist Italy but also an invitation to consider the socioecological connections of all political projects.
This book presents the refereed proceedings of the 4th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AI*IA '95, held in Florence, Italy, in October 1995. The 31 revised full papers and the 12 short presentations contained in the volume were selected from a total of 101 submissions on the basis of a careful reviewing process. The papers are organized in sections on natural language processing, fuzzy systems, machine learning, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, cognitive models, robotics and planning, connectionist models, model-based reasoning, and distributed artificial intelligence.
The term “design” today encompasses attributes of artifacts that go beyond their intended functions, imbuing them with new meanings. Those meanings are deeply related to the emotions perceived by the users. This book investigates the findings deriving from the neurosciences that are relevant to design. Drawing upon up-to-date neuroscientific knowledge, the authors define what an emotion is, examine the relationship between perceptions and emotions and discuss the role of metaphoric communication. Particular attention is paid to those elements of perception and metaphoric interpretation that cause the emotions to rise. Consequences for the design process are then considered and a design process is proposed that takes into account emotional impacts as one of the goals. A solid scientific approach to the subject is maintained throughout and understanding is facilitated by the inclusion of a rich collection of successful design artifacts, the emotional aspects of which are analyzed.
Interaction Flow Modeling Language describes how to apply model-driven techniques to the problem of designing the front end of software applications, i.e., the user interaction. The book introduces the reader to the novel OMG standard Interaction Flow Modeling Language (IFML). Authors Marco Brambilla and Piero Fraternali are authors of the IFML standard and wrote this book to explain the main concepts of the language. They effectively illustrate how IFML can be applied in practice to the specification and implementation of complex web and mobile applications, featuring rich interactive interfaces, both browser based and native, client side components and widgets, and connections to data sources, business logic components and services. Interaction Flow Modeling Language provides you with unique insight into the benefits of engineering web and mobile applications with an agile model driven approach. Concepts are explained through intuitive examples, drawn from real-world applications. The authors accompany you in the voyage from visual specifications of requirements to design and code production. The book distills more than twenty years of practice and provides a mix of methodological principles and concrete and immediately applicable techniques. Learn OMG’s new IFML standard from the authors of the standard with this approachable reference Introduces IFML concepts step-by-step, with many practical examples and an end-to-end case example Shows how to integrate IFML with other OMG standards including UML, BPMN, CWM, SoaML and SysML Discusses how to map models into code for a variety of web and mobile platforms and includes many useful interface modeling patterns and best practices
This book provides detailed practical guidance on the management of hemorrhagic stroke in the clinical settings encountered in daily practice. Real-life cases are used to depict a wide range of clinical scenarios and to highlight significant aspects of management of hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, diagnostic and therapeutic protocols are presented and helpful decision-making algorithms are provided that are specific to the different professionals involved in delivery of stroke care and to differing types of hospital facility. The coverage is completed by the inclusion of up-to-date scientific background information relevant to diagnosis and therapy. Throughout, the approach adopted is both practical and multidisciplinary. The book will be of value for all practitioners involved in the provision of stroke care, and also for medical students.
This is the first authored book to be dedicated to the new field of directed algebraic topology that arose in the 1990s, in homotopy theory and in the theory of concurrent processes. Its general aim can be stated as 'modelling non-reversible phenomena' and its domain should be distinguished from that of classical algebraic topology by the principle that directed spaces have privileged directions and directed paths therein need not be reversible. Its homotopical tools (corresponding in the classical case to ordinary homotopies, fundamental group and fundamental groupoid) should be similarly 'non-reversible': directed homotopies, fundamental monoid and fundamental category. Homotopy constructions occur here in a directed version, which gives rise to new 'shapes', like directed cones and directed spheres. Applications will deal with domains where privileged directions appear, including rewrite systems, traffic networks and biological systems. The most developed examples can be found in the area of concurrency.
With the proliferation of huge amounts of (heterogeneous) data on the Web, the importance of information retrieval (IR) has grown considerably over the last few years. Big players in the computer industry, such as Google, Microsoft and Yahoo!, are the primary contributors of technology for fast access to Web-based information; and searching capabilities are now integrated into most information systems, ranging from business management software and customer relationship systems to social networks and mobile phone applications. Ceri and his co-authors aim at taking their readers from the foundations of modern information retrieval to the most advanced challenges of Web IR. To this end, their book is divided into three parts. The first part addresses the principles of IR and provides a systematic and compact description of basic information retrieval techniques (including binary, vector space and probabilistic models as well as natural language search processing) before focusing on its application to the Web. Part two addresses the foundational aspects of Web IR by discussing the general architecture of search engines (with a focus on the crawling and indexing processes), describing link analysis methods (specifically Page Rank and HITS), addressing recommendation and diversification, and finally presenting advertising in search (the main source of revenues for search engines). The third and final part describes advanced aspects of Web search, each chapter providing a self-contained, up-to-date survey on current Web research directions. Topics in this part include meta-search and multi-domain search, semantic search, search in the context of multimedia data, and crowd search. The book is ideally suited to courses on information retrieval, as it covers all Web-independent foundational aspects. Its presentation is self-contained and does not require prior background knowledge. It can also be used in the context of classic courses on data management, allowing the instructor to cover both structured and unstructured data in various formats. Its classroom use is facilitated by a set of slides, which can be downloaded from www.search-computing.org.
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