The recent global financial crisis, the Great Recession and the subsequent implementation of a variety of unconventional policy measures have raised the issue of how to correctly measure the stance of monetary policy when policy interest rates reach the zero lower bound (ZLB). In this paper, the authors propose a new 'shadow policy rate' for the US economy, using a large set of data representing the various facets of the US Federal Reserve's policy stance. Changes in term premia at various maturities and asset purchases by the Fed are key drivers of this shadow rate. We document that our shadow policy rate tracks the effective federal funds rate very closely before the recent crisis. More importantly, it provides a reasonable gauge of US monetary policy stance when the ZLB becomes binding. This facilitates the assessment of the policy stance against familiar Taylor rule benchmarks. Finally, they show that in structural vector autoregressive (VAR) models, the shadow policy rate helps identify monetary policy shocks that better reflect the Federal Reserve's unconventional policy measures."--Abstract.
Looking at historical cross-country interactions, this book examines the role of the US in the world economy. Illustrating that US shocks tend to have a global nature and that Monetary Union only partially shelters the Euro area from its external environment, the US should fully assume its responsibility, minimizing shock transmission.
Looking at historical cross-country interactions, this book examines the role of the US in the world economy. Illustrating that US shocks tend to have a global nature and that Monetary Union only partially shelters the Euro area from its external environment, the US should fully assume its responsibility, minimizing shock transmission.
This book explores the intellectual world of Francesco Robortello, one of the most prominent scholars of the Italian Renaissance. From poetics to rhetoric, philology to history, topics to ethics, Robortello revolutionised the field of humanities through innovative interpretations of ancient texts and with a genius that was architectural in scope. He was highly esteemed by his contemporaries for his acute wit, but also envied and disparaged for his many qualities. In comparison with other humanists of his time such as Carlo Sigonio and Pier Vettori, Robortello had a deeply philosophical vein, one that made him unique not only to Italy, but to Europe more generally. Robortello’s role in reforming the humanities makes him a constituent part of the long-fifteenth century. Robortello’s thought, however, unlike that of other fifteenth-century humanists, sprung from and was thoroughly imbued with a systematic, Aristotelian spirit without which his philosophy would never have emerged from the tumultuous years of the mid-Cinquecento. Francesco Robortello created a system for the humanities which was unique for his century: a perfect union of humanism and philosophy. This book represents the first fully fledged monograph on this adventurous intellectual life.
This book presents the refereed proceedings of the 4th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AI*IA '95, held in Florence, Italy, in October 1995. The 31 revised full papers and the 12 short presentations contained in the volume were selected from a total of 101 submissions on the basis of a careful reviewing process. The papers are organized in sections on natural language processing, fuzzy systems, machine learning, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, cognitive models, robotics and planning, connectionist models, model-based reasoning, and distributed artificial intelligence.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive technique for imaging the microvasculature of the retina and the choroid. The advent of OCTA has allowed ophthalmologists to identify new pathologies, recognise new syndromes, and organise disorders with new classifications. This atlas provides clinicians with state-of-the-art principles of clinical OCTA imaging, helping them interpret and understand the features of the angiographic images. Following the success of the first edition (9789351528999) published in 2015, this second edition has been fully revised, with all chapters rewritten and new topics added to provide the very latest advances in the field. New knowledge about existing diseases and new disorders are described in depth, and operating principles, clinical applications, and future developments are explained thoroughly by the pioneers of the technology. The first part of the atlas covers the basic principles of OCT angiography, methods and technology, image interpretation, vascular anatomy of the retina, and clinical applications. Part two provides a general update on current research into OCT angiography in various retinal, choroid and anterior chamber disorders. The third and final part of the book describes future clinical applications and implications of next generation devices. This new edition is an invaluable guide for ophthalmologists and trainees for use in everyday practice.
This book is a practical guide to the everyday use of the revolutionary technique of non-invasive, dyeless OCT angiography imaging. Beginning with an overview of the principles and technology, and terminology, the next chapter discusses practical problems of OCT Angiography that may be encountered by clinicians. The following sections cover the use of the technique for the diagnosis and management of different ocular disorders, with a final chapter providing guidance on writing an OCT Angiography report. Presented in a step by step format, the book is highly illustrated with images obtained from Optovue’s Avanti Widefield OCT hardware platform and Angiovue OCT angiography software. The book is authored by a highly experienced, internationally recognised team of experts led by Prof Bruno Lumbroso from Centro Italiano Macula in Rome. Key points Practical guide to the everyday use of OCT Angiography Covers use of the technique for diagnosing and managing many different ocular disorders Most images from Optovue’s Avanti Widefield OCT hardware platform and Angiovue OCT angiography software Highly experienced, well-recognised author team led by Prof Bruno Lumbroso
Genomics has revolutionized biological research over the course of the last two decades. Genome maps of key agricultural species have offered increased understanding of the structure, organization, and evolution of animal genomes. Building upon this foundation, researchers are now emphasizing research on genome function. Published with the World Aquaculture Society, Functional Genomics in Aquaculture looks at the advances in this field as they directly relate to key traits and species in aquaculture production. Functional Genomics in Aquaculture opens with two chapters that provide a useful general introduction to the field of functional genomics. The second section of the book focuses on key production traits such as growth, development, reproduction, nutrition, and physiological response to stress and diseases. The final five chapters focus on a variety of key aquaculture species. Examples looking at our understanding of the functional genomes of salmonids, Mediterranean sea bass, Atlantic cod, catfish, shrimp, and molluscs, are included in the book. Providing valuable insights and discoveries into the functional genomes of finfish and shellfish species, Functional Genomics in Aquaculture, will be an invaluable resource to researchers and professionals in aquaculture, genetics, and animal science.
Veneers is not a book to impress, but a book to teach, wherein the author's deep knowledge of the foundations of dentistry is revealed. The need to carry out adequate diagnoses that consider functional aspects fundamental to achieving success in this compromised type of treatment is emphasized. The book answers a number of questions: Is veneering a challenge? What do you need to have a predictable key to success in your workshop? And – What did I have to learn and remember well, after an era of uncertainty, trials, and material choices, to treat this therapy as an ordinary but demanding clinical procedure? Through detailed clinical cases, this book shows when veneers are indicated, when to avoid them, what risks lie in wait, how to prepare the teeth, what type of materials to use, and how to proceed with cementation. It also shows where this type of treatment is going in the future, with the incorporation of the digital workflow. This book is a must for clinicians dedicated to esthetic restorative dentistry.
Squeezing ground represents a challenging operating environment as it may slow down or obstruct TBM operation. Due to the geometrical constraints of the equipment, relatively small convergences of 10-20 cm may lead to considerable difficulties in the machine area (sticking of the cutter head, jamming of the shield) or in the back-up area (e.g., jamming of the back-up equipment, inadmissible convergences of the bored profile, damage to the tunnel support). Depending on the number and the length of the critical stretches, squeezing conditions may even call into question the feasibility of a TBM drive. On account of this, and bearing in mind the steady increase in the number of tunnels excavated with TBMs through so-called "difficult ground conditions", the topic investigated in this PhD thesis is of great practical relevance.Based upon case histories reported in the literature, Part I sets out firstly to give an overview of the specific problems of TBM tunnelling under squeezing conditions. Part II presents a computational model which simulates accurately and efficiently the advancing TBM and the installed tunnel support in one single computational step applying the so-called "steady state method". Part III advances a number of theory-based decision aids, which will support rapid, initial assessments to be made of thrust force requirements. Part IV investigates the complex problem of the interaction between the advancing TBM, the consolidating ground and the lining. Emphasis is thereby placed on the effect of the gross advance rate and the effect of ground permeability on shield loading during regular TBM operation (the boring process including short standstills) and during a long standstill.
Foreword by Nobel laureate Professor Theodor W. Hch of Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMunchenBased on the authors' experimental work over the last 25 years, Laser-Based Measurements for Time and Frequency Domain Applications: A Handbook presents basic concepts, state-of-the-art applications, and future trends in optical, atomic, and molecular physic
Medieval debates over "divine creation" are systematically obscured in our age by the conflict between "Intelligent Design" Creationists and Evolutionists. The present investigation cuts through the web of contemporary conflicts to examine problems seated at the heart of medieval talk about creation. From three representative authors we learn that the doctrine of divine creation is supposed to invite understanding of the relation between artistic freedom and natural necessity, of the very essence of causality, and thereby of the nexus between experience (our world of empirical determinations) and reality (the absolute indetermination of eternal being). Most importantly, medieval scholarship shows us that the problems it addresses are originally inherent in the understanding itself, whereby the question of being emerges as inseparable from the question of interpretation.
The book will contain a detailed description on the historical aspects of cheese manufacture, a culmination of historical information on the most traditional and worldwide popular Italian cheese varieties. An overview on cheese production is also included, covering the main general aspects. An overall classification of Italian cheeses will follow, aiming to categorize all the cheese varieties that have a tradition and/or an economic importance. Based on a large literature review, the core of the book will include descriptions cheese making traits which are unique to Italian cheese biotechnology. In particular, the milk chemical composition, the use whey or milk natural starters, some technology options (e.g., curd cooking), the microbiota composition and metabolism during curd ripening, especially for cheese made with raw milk, and the main relevant biochemical events, which occur during the very long-time ripening, will be described. The last part of the book will consider a detailed description of the biotechnology for the manufacture of the most traditional and popular cheeses worldwide.
Temos o prazer de lançar o primeiro livro internacional do ano de 2022 voltado a área do desenvolvimento, que tem como título Principles and concepts for development in nowadays society, essa obra contém 152 artigos voltados a área multidisciplinar, sendo a mesma pela Seven Publicações Ltda. A Seven Editora, agradece e enaltasse os autores que fizeram parte desse livro. Desejamos uma boa leitura a todos
Political science research, especially in recent times, has recognized the centrality of party and executive leaders and their individual characteristics. The attention has been mostly directed towards individual leadership. However, one-chief leadership is not the only existing model of party governance, and some recent developments seem to have put forms of collective leadership into the spotlight. Two parties that have recently achieved remarkable electoral results, the Italian Five Star Movement and the German Alliance 90/The Greens, can be considered examples of alternative models of leadership. This book calls for a deep and systematic analysis of cases of parties in which powers and responsibilities appear to be shared among different individuals rather than being concentrated in the hands of just one leader. Drawing on the literature of organization and management theory, the book fills a gap in the literature of political science by developing a theoretical framework that may provide researchers with the tools for proceeding with the analysis of cases of party collective leadership. To illustrate their approach, the authors have selected three cases – the German Greens, Alternative for Germany, and the Five Star Movement in Italy – that show significant variation across types of collective leadership. The outcome of the empirical analysis contributes to a better knowledge of the nature and functioning of party leadership as well as raises questions that could be further addressed in future research.
In this book, hybrid systems based on yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG), three dimensional microwave cavity resonators, and superconducting transmon qubits, are investigated by continuous wave and pulsed microwave spectroscopy. Limitations to the magnetic linewidth in the quantum regime are identified and coherent exchange between a magnon and a superconducting qubit are demonstrated. Finally, a first step towards a strongly coupled hybrid system containing all three components is demonstrated.
This Guide has resulted from years of research on the papers and music of Giacomo Meyerbeer, and aims to provide a bibliographical aid and point of reference for further research. The first part presents the private papers connected to the composer and his principal librettist, Eugène Scribe—both archival and printed, with working papers and correspondence, as found in Berlin, Paris and some of the famous libraries of the world. The body of Part 2 draws together all the known resources on Meyerbeer's life and historical reputation—from full scale biographies and entries in reference books, through critical discussions to website resources to records of symposia. The third part provides material about his background with its unique mixture of Jewish and Prussian elements, the powerful role of the city of Berlin in his life and work. The fourth part lists bibliographic material for Meyerbeer's music, looking at his operas, grouped as German, Italian and French, with each individual entry providing a record of the scores available, both modern and historical, the various arrangements made from the operas during the heyday of their popularity, reviews of modern performances, discography, and bibliography of studies and publications pertinent to the wider cultural and historical contexts of the works. The next two sections constitute an extended record of material pertinent to the contemporaries of Meyerbeer. In the fifth section are select bibliographies of composers, authors, artists, performers, politicians, those who played some part in the composer's life, or anyone of significance in his wider contemporary circumstances. This is continued in the sixth part where the cultural and aesthetic elements of the composer's milieu, or life in the theatre during seventy years of the nineteenth century, are listed. The seventh part adds a bibliography of social and historical background, where the incidental issues of Judaism in nineteenth-century Europe, and the wider political, historical and geographical circumstances of Meyerbeer's life, his relentless travelling, and closely recorded experiences in Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, England, and Austria. The eighth section provides a thematic key to this extensive material. Part 9 provides an extended tripartite series of lists of the published scores, arrangements and some special studies of Meyerbeer over the period 1820 to 2005—in alphabetical, chronological and thematic ordering. The last two sections furnish the modern equivalent of this record of Meyerbeer and his compositions, showing in Part 11 the list of performances of his operas since the Second World War, and in Part 12, listing the recordings of the operas, both commercial and private, for the same period. The thirteenth and last section is iconographical, pictures that represent an interesting survey of the popular response to Meyerbeer in the 19th century.
Offering a practical, case-based approach, Spanish and the Medical Interview: Clinical Cases and Exam Review is a unique, immersive study and review resource for medical Spanish. It provides extensive training and review in two formats: the print book contains numerous cases spanning a wide variety of clinical settings, formatted as a patient would present for medical attention, while the audio cases provide multiple opportunities to hone your listening comprehension skills. Together, these learning components test your knowledge and skills in caring for Spanish-speaking patients and prepare you for case-based examinations that test clinical skills in Spanish. This first-of-its-kind title is ideal as a stand-alone resource or as a companion to Dr. Ortega’s Spanish and the Medical Interview: A Textbook for Clinically Relevant Medical Spanish. Helps you improve your interviewing skills, your understanding of patient responses, and your ability to explain a diagnosis and plan of care to Spanish-speaking patients, so you can provide a higher quality of patient care and safety in your practice. Covers multiple presentations of cases in main organ system areas, including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, genitourinary, neurologic, psychiatric, eye/ear/nose/throat, and pediatric, in multiple patient care settings such as urgent care, emergency department, outpatient clinic, and inpatient wards. · Focuses on topics that are particularly common in Hispanic/Latino patients and includes cultural health issues that may impact the patient's understanding of medical information, belief system, decision-making preferences, or access to care—all of which have a significant impact on your medical decision making and interviewing styles and effectiveness. Leads you through key information for each case, prompting you to use your medical Spanish clinical skills in a series of prompts and questions as the case unfolds. Assessment questions follow each case to test your comprehension. Provides more than two dozen audio cases to improve your listening comprehension of different nationalities and accents of Spanish-speaking patients. Provides real-world content from Drs. Pilar Ortega and Marco Alemán, who serve on the steering committee for the National Medical Spanish Taskforce that aims to standardize the educational approach to a national assessment examination for Medical Spanish. Expands your global skills set: in your home country, when caring for patients who speak Spanish, or when caring for patients in other countries through global medicine programs. Evolve Instructor site with an image and test bank is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.
Computer vision deals with the problem of manipulating information contained in large quantities of sensory data, where raw data emerge from the transducing 6 7 sensors at rates between 10 to 10 pixels per second. Conventional general purpose computers are unable to achieve the computation rates required to op erate in real time or even in near real time, so massively parallel systems have been used since their conception in this important practical application area. The development of massively parallel computers was initially character ized by efforts to reach a speedup factor equal to the number of processing elements (linear scaling assumption). This behavior pattern can nearly be achieved only when there is a perfect match between the computational struc ture or data structure and the system architecture. The theory of hierarchical modular systems (HMSs) has shown that even a small number of hierarchical levels can sizably increase the effectiveness of very large systems. In fact, in the last decade several hierarchical architectures that support capabilities which can overcome performances gained with the assumption of linear scaling have been proposed. Of these architectures, the most commonly considered in com puter vision is the one based on a very large number of processing elements (PEs) embedded in a pyramidal structure. Pyramidal architectures supply the same image at different resolution lev els, thus ensuring the use of the most appropriate resolution for the operation, task, and image at hand.
This book is about the dark photon which is a new gauge boson whose existence has been conjectured. Due to its interaction with the ordinary, visible photon, such a particle can be experimentally detected via specific signatures. In this book, the authors review the physics of the dark photon from the theoretical and experimental point of view. They discuss the difference between the massive and the massless case, highlighting how the two phenomena arise from the same vector portal between the dark and the visible sector. A review of the cosmological and astrophysical observations is provided, together with the connection to dark matter physics. Then, a perspective on current and future experimental limits on the parameters of the massless and massive dark photon is given, as well as the related bounds on milli-charged fermions. The book is intended for graduate students and young researchers who are embarking on dark photon research, and offers them a clear and up-to-date introduction to the subject.
The U.S. business cycle typically leads the European cycle by a few quarters and this can be used to forecast euro area GDP. We investigate whether financial variables carry additional information. We use vector autoregressions (VARs) which include the U.S. and the euro area GDPs as a minimal set of variables as well as growth in the Rest of the World (an aggregation of seven small countries) and selected combinations of financial variables. Impulse responses (in-sample) show that shocks to financial variables influence real activity. However, according to out-of-sample forecast exercises using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) metric, this macro-financial linkage would be weak: financial indicators do not improve short and medium term forecasts of real activity in the euro area, even when their timely availability, relative to GDP, is exploited. This result is partly due to the 'average' nature of the RMSE metric: when forecasting ability is assessed as if in real time (conditionally on the information available at the time of the forecast), we find that models using financial variables would have been preferred, ex ante, in several episodes, in particular between 1999 and 2002. This result suggests that one should not discard, on the basis of RMSE statistics, the use of predictive models that include financial variables if there is a theoretical prior that a financial shock is affecting growth.
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