With 14 Tables ; [ Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on "Approximation and Optimization in the Caribbean" which Met at the Université Des Antilles Et de la Guyane ( Guadeloupe, French West Indies ) During the Week March 29 to April 2, 1999 ]
With 14 Tables ; [ Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on "Approximation and Optimization in the Caribbean" which Met at the Université Des Antilles Et de la Guyane ( Guadeloupe, French West Indies ) During the Week March 29 to April 2, 1999 ]
The articles in this proceedings volume reflect the current trends in the theory of approximation, optimization and mathematical economics, and include numerous applications. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students involved in functional analysis, approximation theory, mathematical programming and optimization, game theory, mathematical finance and economics.
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are among the most frequently transmitted viruses from an infected mother to her offspring. The clinical consequences of transmission depend heavily on the time of transmission, the virus concerned, and maternal status. This chapter describes first the natural course of neurological aspects of HIV-1 infection and the way in which it has been modified by HAART in developed countries. It then describes the situation in the African context (taking Cameroon as an example) where HAART is not readily available and the natural course of the disease may be different. Finally, we consider the possible toxic effects on the developing central nervous system of antiretroviral drug administration during pregnancy. Congenital CMV infection leads to a wide spectrum of symptoms and is not always apparent at birth. When CMV infection occurs early during gestation, it disturbs the neurogenesis of the central nervous system while late-onset CMV infection affects brain growth and the development of the white matter, leading to leukomalacia and cyst formation, usually associated with intraparenchymatous calcifications. Neurosensory hearing loss frequently occurs and may be the only symptom in cases of perinatal infection.
Oxford Handbooks offer authoritative and up-to-date reviews of original research in a particular subject area. Specially commissioned chapters from leading figures in the discipline give critical examinations of the progress and direction of debates, as well as a foundation for future research. Oxford Handbooks provide scholars and graduate students with compelling new perspectives upon a wide range of subjects in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. The adage Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it is a powerful one for parents, teachers, and other professionals involved with or interested in deaf individuals or the Deaf community. Myths grown from ignorance have long dogged the field, and faulty assumptions and overgeneralizations have persisted despite contrary evidence. A study of the history of deaf education reveals patterns that have affected educational policy and legislation for deaf people around the world; these patterns are related to several themes critical to the chapters of this volume. One such theme is the importance of parental involvement in raising and educating deaf children. Another relates to how Deaf people have taken an increasingly greater role in influencing their own futures and places in society. In published histories, we see the longstanding conflicts through the centuries that pertain to sign language and spoken communication philosophies, as well as the contributions of the individuals who advocated alternative strategies for teaching deaf children. More recently, investigators have recognized the need for a diverse approach to language and language learning. Advances in technology, cognitive science, linguistics, and the social sciences have alternately led and followed changes in theory and practice, resulting in a changing landscape for deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals and those connected to them. This second volume of the The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies, Language, and Education (2003) picks up where that first landmark volume left off, describing those advances and offering readers the opportunity to understand the current status of research in the field while recognizing the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. In Volume 2, an international group of contributing experts provide state-of-the-art summaries intended for students, practitioners, and researchers. Not only does it describe where we are, it helps to chart courses for the future.
This sharply focused volume on the cognitive development of deaf children calls upon experts in anthropology, psychology, linguistics, basic visual sensory processes, education, cognition, and neurophysiology to share complementary observations. William C. Stokoe's "Deafness, Cognition, and Language" leads fluidly into Jeffery P. Braden's analysis of clinical assessments of deaf people's cognitive abilities. Margaret Wilson expands on the impact of sign language expertise on visual perception. The study and analysis of Italian deaf preschoolers with hearing families presented by Elena Pizzuto, Barbara Ardito, Maria Cristina Caselli, and Virginia Volterra chronicles fascinating insights on the children's cognition and language development. Context, Cognition, and Deafness also shows that theory can intersect practice, as displayed by editor Marschark and Jennifer Lukomski in their research on literacy, cognition, and education. Amy R. Lederberg and Patricia E. Spencer have combined sequential designs in their study of vocabulary learning. Ethan Remmel, Jeffrey Bettger, and Amy Weinberg explore the theory of mind development. The emotional development of deaf children also receives detailed consideration by Colin D. Gray, Judith A. Hosie, Phil A. Russell, and Ellen A. Ormel. Kathryn P. Meadow-Orlans delineates her perspective on the coming of age of deaf children in relation to their education and development. Marschark concludes with insightful impressions on the future of theory and application, an appropriate close to this exceptional, coherent volume.
The gangliosidoses comprise a family of lysosomal storage diseases characterized by the accumulation of complex glycosphingolipids in the nervous system and other tissues, secondary to the deficient activity of lysosomal hydrolases or their associated activator proteins. GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis are associated with deficiency of β-galactosidase and β-hexosaminidase respectively. All gangliosidoses are characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, the severity of which is proportional to the residual enzyme activity. The GM1 gangliosidoses are characterized by dysostosis, organomegaly and coarsening in their most severe forms, whereas children with classic infantile GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay–Sachs disease) are usually spared systemic involvement, except in the case of the Sandhoff variant, in which organomegaly may occur. Cherry-red macular spots occur in the early onset forms of the gangliosidoses, but are less frequently seen in the less severe, later onset phenotypes. Macrocephaly, an exaggerated startle response, cognitive decline, seizures, ataxia, and progressive muscular atrophy may occur in different forms of gangliosidosis. The diagnosis is made by assay of enzyme activity, and can be confirmed by mutation analysis. Carrier screening for Tay–Sachs disease has been remarkably successful in reducing the incidence of this disease in the at-risk Ashkenazi population. There are no proven disease-modifying therapies for the gangliosidoses.
In 2003 and again in 2005, the international community was called to take part in a World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS). This two-phase United Nations summit placed an unprecedented global spotlight on information and communication issues. Civil Society, Communication and Global Governance provides a sweeping portrait of the players, structures and themes of the WSIS, as well as a critical analysis of the summit's first phase, the issues it raised and the groundbreaking role played by civil society. Including an extensive bibliography, list of relevant web sites and key documents, this will be a basic reference source for everyone interested in the role of information and communication on shaping twenty-first-century societies.
Hyperacusis and Disorders of Sound Intolerance: Clinical and Research Perspectivesis a professional resource for audiology practitioners involved in the clinical management of patients who have sound tolerance concerns. The text covers emerging assessment and intervention strategies associated with hyperacusis, disorders of pitch perception, and other unusual processing deficits of the auditory system. In order to illustrate the patients' perspectives and experiences with disorders of auditory processing, cases are included throughout. This collection of basic science findings, diagnostic strategies and tools, evidence-based clinical research, and case reports provides practitioners with avenues for supporting patient management and coping. It combines new developments in the understanding of auditory mechanisms with the clinical tools developed to manage the effects such disorders exert in daily life. Topics addressed include unusual clinical findings and features that influence a patient's auditory processing such as their perceptual accuracy, recognition abilities, and satisfaction with the perception of sound. Hyperacusis is covered with respect to its effects, its relation to psychological disorders, and its management. Hyperacusis is often linked to trauma or closed head injury, and the text also considers the management of patients with traumatic brain injury as an opportunity to illustrate the effectiveness of interprofessional care in such cases. Interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy, desensitization training, and hearing aid use are reported in a way that enhances clinicians' ability to weave such strategies into their own work or into their referral system. Hyperacusis and Disorders of Sound Intolerance illuminates increasingly observed auditory-related disorders that challenge students, clinicians, physicians, and patients. The text elucidates and reinforces audiologists' contributions to polytrauma and interprofessional care teams and provides clear definitions, delineation of mechanisms, and intervention options for auditory disorders.
Immunodeficiencies may result from genetic defects or may be acquired after viral infection or therapeutic immunosuppression. In either case, neurological symptoms are frequent. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), previously designated as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), results usually from genetic defects impairing the cytotoxicity of CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Neurological symptoms may be the first and only manifestation of the disease. The neurological and neuroradiological aspects of MAS, if isolated, may closely resemble those of other central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or encephalitis. An early treatment including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can prevent further brain lesions. The main infections of the CNS observed in conjunction with therapeutic immunosuppression are described. It is important to know which phase of immunosuppression the child is in at the time of suspected CNS infection and always to consider that a relapse of the primary tumor may mimic a CNS infection.
The articles in this proceedings volume reflect the current trends in the theory of approximation, optimization and mathematical economics, and include numerous applications. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students involved in functional analysis, approximation theory, mathematical programming and optimization, game theory, mathematical finance and economics.
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