Mathematical epidemiology of infectious diseases usually involves describing the flow of individuals between mutually exclusive infection states. One of the key parameters describing the transition from the susceptible to the infected class is the hazard of infection, often referred to as the force of infection. The force of infection reflects the degree of contact with potential for transmission between infected and susceptible individuals. The mathematical relation between the force of infection and effective contact patterns is generally assumed to be subjected to the mass action principle, which yields the necessary information to estimate the basic reproduction number, another key parameter in infectious disease epidemiology. It is within this context that the Center for Statistics (CenStat, I-Biostat, Hasselt University) and the Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination and the Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CEV, CHERMID, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp) have collaborated over the past 15 years. This book demonstrates the past and current research activities of these institutes and can be considered to be a milestone in this collaboration. This book is focused on the application of modern statistical methods and models to estimate infectious disease parameters. We want to provide the readers with software guidance, such as R packages, and with data, as far as they can be made publicly available.
Consistently lauded for its comprehensiveness and full-color color presentation, the latest edition of Rheumatology by Marc C. Hochberg, MD, MPH et al. continues the tradition of excellence of previous editions. Designed to meet the needs of the practicing clinician, it provides extensive, authoritative coverage of rheumatic disease from basic scientific principles to practical points of clinical management in a lucid, logical, user-friendly manner. Find the critical answers you need quickly and easily thanks to a consistent, highly user-friendly format covering all major disorders of the musculoskeletal system in complete, self-contained chapters. Get trusted perspectives and insights from chapters co-authored by internationally renowned leaders in the field, 25% of whom are new to this edition. Track disease progression and treat patients more effectively with the most current information, including 22 new chapters on genetic findings, imaging outcomes, and cell and biologic therapies as well as rheumatoid arthritis and SLE. Incorporate the latest findings about pathogenesis of disease; imaging outcomes for specific diseases like RA, osteoarthritis, and spondyloarthropathies; cell and biologic therapies; and other timely topics.
Philosophy may not seem to be an obvious source to discover methods for successful product innovation management. However, this book shows that systematic reflection on the nature of product innovation management, supported by insights from the philosophy of technology, can illuminate the innovation process in technology and engineering. Presenting methodological guidelines and philosophical reflections, this book guides readers through each phase of product innovation. At each step, ideas from the philosophy of technology are translated into practical guidelines for managing these processes. The book works through the philosophical perspectives on innovation, methods in innovation design and research, and the value and ethical implications of innovation. Bridging the gap between philosophical context and practical methodologies, this book will be highly valuable for postgraduate students and academics researching and teaching innovation and philosophy of technology.
Covers the latest research on a sensitive and controversial topic in a professional and well researched manner. Provides practical outlook as well as model guidelines and software tools that should be of interest to people who use the software tools described and those who do not. Related title by Co-author Geert Molenbergh has sold more than 3500 copies world wide. Provides dual viewpoints: from scientists in the industry as well as regulatory authorities.
Stellar Structure and Evolution, the second volume in the Ohio State Astrophysics Series, takes advantage of our new era of stellar astrophysics, in which modern techniques allow us to map the interiors of stars in unprecedented detail. This textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students aims to develop a broad physical understanding of the fundamental principles that dictate stellar properties. The study of stellar evolution focuses on the 'life cycle' of stars: how they are born, how they live, and how they die. As elements ejected by one generation of stars are incorporated into the next generation, stellar evolution is intertwined with the chemical evolution of our galaxy. Focusing on key physical processes without going into encyclopedic depth, the authors present stellar evolution in a contemporary context, including phenomena such as pulsations, mass loss, binary interactions, and rotation, which contribute to our understanding of stars.
Wide-Ranging Coverage of Parametric Modeling in Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models Mixed Effects Models for the Population Approach: Models, Tasks, Methods and Tools presents a rigorous framework for describing, implementing, and using mixed effects models. With these models, readers can perform parameter estimation and modeling across a whole population of individuals at the same time. Easy-to-Use Techniques and Tools for Real-World Data Modeling The book first shows how the framework allows model representation for different data types, including continuous, categorical, count, and time-to-event data. This leads to the use of generic methods, such as the stochastic approximation of the EM algorithm (SAEM), for modeling these diverse data types. The book also covers other essential methods, including Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and importance sampling techniques. The author uses publicly available software tools to illustrate modeling tasks. Methods are implemented in Monolix, and models are visually explored using Mlxplore and simulated using Simulx. Careful Balance of Mathematical Representation and Practical Implementation This book takes readers through the whole modeling process, from defining/creating a parametric model to performing tasks on the model using various mathematical methods. Statisticians and mathematicians will appreciate the rigorous representation of the models and theoretical properties of the methods while modelers will welcome the practical capabilities of the tools. The book is also useful for training and teaching in any field where population modeling occurs.
Is it possible to learn something without being aware of it? How does emotion influence the way we think? How can we improve our memory? Fundamentals of Cognition, third edition, provides a basic, reader-friendly introduction to the key cognitive processes we use to interact successfully with the world around us. Our abilities in attention, perception, learning, memory, language, problem solving, thinking, and reasoning are all vitally important in enabling us to cope with everyday life. Understanding these processes through the study of cognitive psychology is essential for understanding human behaviour. This edition has been thoroughly updated and revised with an emphasis on making it even more accessible to introductory-level students. Bringing on board Professor Marc Brysbaert, a world-leading researcher in the psychology of language, as co-author, this new edition includes: developed and extended research activities and "In the Real World" case studies to make it easy for students to engage with the material; new real-world topics such as discussions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the reading problems of individuals with dyslexia, why magic tricks work, and why we cannot remember the Apple logo accurately; a supporting companion website containing multiple choice questions, flashcards, sample essay answers, instructor resources, and more. The book provides a perfect balance between traditional approaches to cognition and cutting-edge cognitive neuroscience and cognitive neuropsychology. Covering all the key topics within cognition, this comprehensive overview is essential reading for all students of cognitive psychology and related areas such as clinical psychology.
Lucid and logical in structure, this new edition, previously entitled Sourcebook on Medical Law draws together a wide range of essential material, including extracts from statutes, cases and academic commentary from medical law; an area which is fast becoming an important part of undergraduate syllabuses.Fully updated to take account of recent developments in this dynamic area of law, it examines two major pieces of legislation: the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Human Tissue Act 2004 as well as a significant amount of new case law, including the House of Lords decisions in Chester v Afshar and Gregg v Scott and the Court of Appeal decision in R (on the application of Burke) v GMC and others.Divided into two parts, it covers:the general principles that permeate medical law, exploring illness and the ethics of care and healthcare in England and Wales and consent to treatment, confidentiality and medical malpracticeissues which arise in relation to specific areas of medical treatment, including infertility treatment and surrogacy, pregnancy and abortion, treating the incompetent, the mentally ill, medical research, organ transplants and euthanasia. This textbook is an invaluable reference tool for all those studying medical law as well as those studying medicine.
Divided into two parts, this text examines both the general principles that permeate medical law and issues which arise in relation to specific areas of medical treatment.
In the years following the global financial crisis, many low-income countries experienced rapid recovery and strong economic growth. However, many are now facing enormous difficulties because of rapidly rising food and fuel prices, with the threat of millions of people being pushed into poverty around the globe. The risk of continued food price volatility is a systemic challenge, and a failure in one country has been shown to have a profound impact on entire regions. This volume addresses the challenges of commodity price volatility for low-income countries and explores some macroeconomic policy options for responding to commodity price shocks. The book then looks at inclusive growth policies to address inequality in commodity-exporting countries, particularly natural resource rich countries. Perspectives from the Middle East and North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, emerging Asia, and Mexico are presented and, finally, the role of the international donor community is examined. This volume is a must read for policymakers everywhere, from those in advanced, donor countries to those in countries with the poorest and most vulnerable populations.
A wide range of chemical products (especially fine chemicals) are important for a healthy and enjoyable modern life; therefore efficient syntheses of these materials are essential. Traditional stoichiometric processes need to be replaced by modern catalytical methods in the change to sustainable chemistry and the production of lower amounts of waste. This book summarizes the wide variety of catalytic methods that have been developed and applied on an industrial scale in recent years to fulfill this goal. The synthesis of compound classes such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavoring, and fragrance compounds as well as food additives such as vitamins exemplify the use of these modern catalytic methods in the modern chemical industry.
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO VULVAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO VULVAL DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT Patients with vulval disease frequently experience delays in diagnosis due to a lack of training for physicians. A Practical Guide to Vulval Disease: Diagnosis and Management offers practical, up-to-date and expert guidance on the diagnosis and management of vulval disorders. It provides the knowledge required for diagnosis and treatment of these conditions at both trainee and specialist level. Key information about diagnosis, investigation and basic management is included, with a section on signs and symptoms to direct the reader to the appropriate chapter for the particular disease. Current classification and terminology of vulval disease is featured, along with guidance on when a patient should be referred to a specialist. Well illustrated, with 185 high quality photographs, this user-friendly clinical guidebook integrates clinical and histological features of vulval disorders, so the reader can understand the disease from a microscopic to macroscopic level. Written by an experienced author team, A Practical Guide to Vulval Disease: Diagnosis and Management is essential reading for gynaecologists, dermatologists, genito-urinary physicians, general practitioners and nurses, both in practice and in training.
The book focuses on the development of advanced functions for field-based temporal geographical information systems (TGIS). These fields describe natural, epidemiological, economical, and social phenomena distributed across space and time. The book is organized around four main themes: "Concepts, mathematical tools, computer programs, and applications". Chapters I and II review the conceptual framework of the modern TGIS and introduce the fundamental ideas of spatiotemporal modelling. Chapter III discusses issues of knowledge synthesis and integration. Chapter IV presents state-of-the-art mathematical tools of spatiotemporal mapping. Links between existing TGIS techniques and the modern Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method offer significant improvements in the advanced TGIS functions. Comparisons are made between the proposed functions and various other techniques (e.g., Kriging, and Kalman-Bucy filters). Chapter V analyzes the interpretive features of the advanced TGIS functions, establishing correspondence between the natural system and the formal mathematics which describe it. In Chapters IV and V one can also find interesting extensions of TGIS functions (e.g., non-Bayesian connectives and Fisher information measures). Chapters VI and VII familiarize the reader with the TGIS toolbox and the associated library of comprehensive computer programs. Chapter VIII discusses important applications of TGIS in the context of scientific hypothesis testing, explanation, and decision making.
An important factor that affects the duration, complexity and cost of a clinical trial is the endpoint used to study the treatment’s efficacy. When a true endpoint is difficult to use because of such factors as long follow-up times or prohibitive cost, it is sometimes possible to use a surrogate endpoint that can be measured in a more convenient or cost-effective way. This book focuses on the use of surrogate endpoint evaluation methods in practice, using SAS and R.
Completely revised and updated, and now in full color throughout, the Fourth Edition of this definitive reference is a must for all clinicians who treat breast diseases. Leading experts summarize the current knowledge of breast diseases, including their clinical features, management, underlying biologies, and epidemiologies. In addition to complete coverage of malignant breast diseases, benign diseases are discussed in relation to subsequent breast cancer development. The book reviews all major clinical trials and summarizes the information they provide on early detection and management of breast cancer. Close attention is also given to the increasing importance of molecular biology and genetics in this field. This edition features more than thirty new contributors, fourteen new or completely rewritten chapters, and more clinically oriented chapters. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable text and an image bank. Also included with this edition is the Anatomical Chart Company's Breast Anatomy and Disorders Pocket Guide. This durable, portable folding pocket guide provides a visual and textual overview of breast anatomy, disorders, and breast self-examination. With a write-on, wipe-off laminated surface, this guide is perfect for the on-the-go practitioner to show patients, caregivers, and families.
Front Cover -- Skeletal Trauma in Children -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contributors -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Skeletal Growth, Development, and Healing as Related to Pediatric Trauma -- History, Diagnosis, and Injury Mechanisms -- Formation of Bone -- Regulation of Growth and Development -- Biology of Fracture Healing -- Physeal Fracture Healing -- Differences Between Pediatric and Adult Fracture Healing -- Classification of Children's Fractures -- Summary -- References
Obtain the best outcomes from the latest techniques with help from a "who's who" of pediatric orthopaedic trauma experts! This companion to Browner et al.: Skeletal Trauma, 4th Edition presents practical, focused guidance on managing traumatic musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents. It emphasizes the unique aspects of children's fractures in terms of epidemiology, mechanisms, management, and the challenges of treating the skeletally immature patient. State-of-the-art coverage explores growth and development, pathology, complications, child abuse, sports medicine...and almost every possible break from head to toe. A new chapter on sports-related trauma helps you to manage these increasingly prevalent injuries. And, a new, full-color page layout makes it easier to locate the answers you need quickly. Complete, absolutely current coverage of relevant anatomy and biomechanics • mechanisms of injury • diagnostic approaches • treatment options • and associated complications equip you to confidently approach every form of pediatric musculoskeletal trauma. Internationally recognized contributors include pediatric orthopaedists with trauma expertise as well as specialists in orthopaedic traumatology, providing expert guidance from the most trusted authorities in pediatric musculoskeletal trauma care. A unique emphasis on outcomes assessment in children’s fractures helps you make the most valid clinical decisions. Over 800 high-quality line drawings, diagnostic images, and full-color clinical photos show you what to look for and how to proceed. An emphasis on problem-focused clinical judgment and state-of-the art treatment options assists you in making the best use of the newest techniques. A new chapter on sports-related musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents helps you to manage the growing incidence of trauma resulting from recreational and team sports injuries. An all-new, more user-friendly full-color text design enables you to find answers more quickly, and more efficiently review the key steps of each operative technique.
Obtain the best outcomes from the latest techniques with help from a "who's who" of pediatric orthopaedic trauma experts! Considered as the "go-to" reference for orthopaedic trauma surgeons and pediatric orthopaedic trauma surgeons, Green’s Skeletal Trauma in Children presents practical, focused guidance on managing traumatic musculoskeletal injuries in children and adolescents. It emphasizes the unique aspects of children's fractures in terms of epidemiology, mechanisms, management, and the challenges of treating the skeletally immature patient. State-of-the-art coverage includes crucial chapters on skeletal trauma related to child abuse, anesthesia and analgesia, management of children’s fractures, and outcome measures and rehabilitation. Confidently approach every form of pediatric musculoskeletal trauma with complete, absolutely current coverage of relevant anatomy and biomechanics, mechanisms of injury, diagnostic approaches, treatment options and associated complications. Know what to look for and how to proceed with the aid of over 800 high-quality line drawings, diagnostic images, and full-color clinical photos. Glean all essential, up-to-date, need-to-know information about the impact of trauma to the immature and growing skeleton with comprehensive coverage of incidence, mechanisms of injury, classifications, and treatment options and complications for fractures in all major anatomical regions. Benefit from the masterful guidance by the most trusted global authorities in pediatric musculoskeletal trauma care. Make the best use of the newest techniques by effectively applying problem-focused clinical judgment and state-of-the art treatment options found in this reference. Gain new insights on overcoming unique challenges of treating pediatric sports injuries. Rely on a unique emphasis on outcomes assessment of children’s fractures to make the most valid clinical decisions.
Mathematical epidemiology of infectious diseases usually involves describing the flow of individuals between mutually exclusive infection states. One of the key parameters describing the transition from the susceptible to the infected class is the hazard of infection, often referred to as the force of infection. The force of infection reflects the degree of contact with potential for transmission between infected and susceptible individuals. The mathematical relation between the force of infection and effective contact patterns is generally assumed to be subjected to the mass action principle, which yields the necessary information to estimate the basic reproduction number, another key parameter in infectious disease epidemiology. It is within this context that the Center for Statistics (CenStat, I-Biostat, Hasselt University) and the Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination and the Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CEV, CHERMID, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp) have collaborated over the past 15 years. This book demonstrates the past and current research activities of these institutes and can be considered to be a milestone in this collaboration. This book is focused on the application of modern statistical methods and models to estimate infectious disease parameters. We want to provide the readers with software guidance, such as R packages, and with data, as far as they can be made publicly available.
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