The long path to the Berlin Wall began in 1945, when Josef Stalin instructed the Communist Party to take power in the Soviet occupation zone while the three Western allies secured their areas of influence. When Germany was split into separate states in 1949, Berlin remained divided into four sectors, with West Berlin surrounded by the GDR but lingering as a captivating showcase for Western values and goods. Following a failed Soviet attempt to expel the allies from West Berlin with a blockade in 1948–49, a second crisis ensued from 1958–61, during which the Soviet Union demanded once and for all the withdrawal of the Western powers and the transition of West Berlin to a “Free City.” Ultimately Nikita Khrushchev decided to close the border in hopes of halting the overwhelming exodus of East Germans into the West. Tracing this path from a German perspective, Manfred Wilke draws on recently published conversations between Khrushchev and Walter Ulbricht, head of the East German state, in order to reconstruct the coordination process between these two leaders and the events that led to building the Berlin Wall.
Quo vadis, IG Metall? Anlass dieser Frage war der beispiellose Richtungsstreit über die Prioritäten der Tarifpolitik und ein öffentlich ausgetragener Machtkampf um den Vorsitz der IG Metall zwischen Klaus Zwickel und Jürgen Peters sowie der gescheiterte Metaller-Streik im Osten. Mit dem ersten Streikabbruch seit fast fünfzig Jahren sind die tarifpolitischen Grundsätze der Nachkriegszeit an ihr Ende gekommen. Die Konzeption, dass der zentrale Gewerkschaftsapparat die Kompetenz hat, republikweit die entscheidenden Parameter der Arbeitsbedingungen festzulegen, steht auf dem Prüfstand. Die immer noch vorherrschende Neigung der IG Metall, jeden Schritt weg vom tarifrechtlichen Status quo pauschal mit der Zerstörung der Tarifautonomie gleichzusetzen, wird sich auf Dauer nicht halten lassen. In kurzer Zeit vollzog denn auch der neue IG Metall-Vorsitzende Jürgen Peters eine Kehrtwende und war zu einer gemeinsamen Erklärung mit Gesamtmetall über weitere Flexibilisierungsanstrengungen innerhalb des Flächentarifs bereit. Was wenige Monate zuvor noch für undenkbar galt, ließ sich binnen Wochen realisieren: die Wiederinkraftsetzung der 38-Stunden-Woche für Ostdeutschland. Haben wir es also in Zukunft mit einer gezähmten IG Metall zu tun? Eines scheint sicher: Ohne die Niederlage wäre es nicht möglich gewesen, die Systemfrage der Tarifpolitik so schnell und so radikal zu stellen. Beispiel Arbeitszeitfrage: Gefordert wird, dass in Zukunft die Betriebsparteien die Normalarbeitszeit und damit die Bezugsgröße für das Monatsentgelt festlegen dürfen. Das bedeutet einen Eingriff in gewerkschaftliche Kernkompetenzen. Findet die Zäsur von Ostdeutschland ihre Fortsetzung im Westen? Es dürfte künftig kein Tarifkonflikt ohne Rückbezug auf die beispiellose Niederlage von 2003 zu führen und zu verstehen sein. Wenn es der Studie von Hans-Peter Müller und Manfred Wilke gelingt, in diesem Sinne zur Erhellung eines Wendepunktes in der deutschen Gewerkschaftsgeschichte beizutragen, hat sie ihren Zweck erfüllt.
The long path to the Berlin Wall began in 1945, when Josef Stalin instructed the Communist Party to take power in the Soviet occupation zone while the three Western allies secured their areas of influence. When Germany was split into separate states in 1949, Berlin remained divided into four sectors, with West Berlin surrounded by the GDR but lingering as a captivating showcase for Western values and goods. Following a failed Soviet attempt to expel the allies from West Berlin with a blockade in 1948–49, a second crisis ensued from 1958–61, during which the Soviet Union demanded once and for all the withdrawal of the Western powers and the transition of West Berlin to a “Free City.” Ultimately Nikita Khrushchev decided to close the border in hopes of halting the overwhelming exodus of East Germans into the West. Tracing this path from a German perspective, Manfred Wilke draws on recently published conversations between Khrushchev and Walter Ulbricht, head of the East German state, in order to reconstruct the coordination process between these two leaders and the events that led to building the Berlin Wall.
Authored by one of the world's leading organic chemists, this authoritative reference provides an overview of basic strategies in directed evolution and introduces common gene mutagenesis, screening and selection methods. Throughout the text, emphasis is placed on methodology development to maximize efficiency, reliability and speed of the experiments and to provide guidelines for efficient protein engineering. Professor Reetz highlights the application of directed evolution experiments to address limitations in the field of enzyme selectivity, substrate scope, activity and robustness. He critically reviews recent developments and case studies, takes a look at future applications in the field of organic synthesis, and concludes with lessons learned from previous experiments.
This fully updated textbook is intended for the economic geologist who deals with the evaluation of deposits at an early stage of development. It offers rules for quick and easy calculations based on the application of approximate data. It provides both the student and the geologist in the field with a complete set of rules and methods enabling them to perform a quick initial evaluation of the deposit without the support of specialists or computers – even if he is left to his own resources. All rules for calculations are illustrated with examples, and mistakes and pitfalls the authors encountered during their careers are pointed out.
Titanium has been used to perform many kinds of reactions in organic and inorganic chemistry. The present book is concerned primarily with a new development in titanium chemistry which is useful in organic synthesis. In 1979/80 it was discovered that the titanation of classical carbanions using C1TiX leads to species with reduced basicity and reactivity. This increases 3 chemo-, regio-and stereo selectivity in reactions with organic compounds such as aldehydes, ketones and alkyl halides. Many new examples have been reported in recent times. Since the nature of the ligand X at titanium can be widely varied, the electronic and steric nature of the reagents is easily controlled. This helps in predicting the stereochemical outcome of many of the C-C bond forming reactions, but the trial and error method is still necessary in other cases. One of the ultimate objectives of chemistry is to understand correlations between structure and reactivity. Although this goal has not been reached in the area of organotitanium chemistry, appreciable progress has been made. A great deal of physical and computational data of organotitanium compounds described in the current and older literature (e. g. , Ziegler-Natta type catalysts) has been reported by polymer, inorganic and theoretical chemists. It is summarized in Chapter 2 of this book, because some aspects are useful in understanding reactivity and selectivity of organo titanium compounds in organic synthesis as described in the chapters which follow.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of social policy in the German Democratic Republic (GDR, 1949-1990), followed by an analysis of the “Social Union”, the transformation of social policy in the process of German unification in 1990. Schmidt’s analysis of the GDR also depicts commonalities and differences between the welfare state in East and West Germany as well as in other East European and Western countries. He concludes that the GDR was unable to cope with the trade-off between ambitious social policy goals and a deteriorating economic performance. Ritter embeds his analysis of the Social Union in a general study of German unification, its international circumstances and its domestic repercussions (1989-1994). He argues that social policy played a pivotal role in German unification, and that there was no alternative to extending the West German welfare state to the East. Ritter, a distinguished historian, bases his contribution on an award-winning study for which he drew on archival sources and interviews with key actors. Schmidt is a distinguished political scientist.
For more than a quarter century, Cotton and Wilkinson's Advanced Inorganic Chemistry has been the source that students and professional chemists have turned to for the background needed to understand current research literature in inorganic chemistry and aspects of organometallic chemistry. Like its predecessors, this updated Sixth Edition is organized around the periodic table of elements and provides a systematic treatment of the chemistry of all chemical elements and their compounds. It incorporates important recent developments with an emphasis on advances in the interpretation of structure, bonding, and reactivity.“/p> From the reviews of the Fifth Edition: "The first place to go when seeking general information about the chemistry of a particular element, especially when up-to-date, authoritative information is desired." —Journal of the American Chemical Society "Every student with a serious interest in inorganic chemistry should have [this book]." —Journal of Chemical Education "A mine of information . . . an invaluable guide." —Nature "The standard by which all other inorganic chemistry books are judged." —Nouveau Journal de Chimie "A masterly overview of the chemistry of the elements." —The Times of London Higher Education Supplement "A bonanza of information on important results and developments which could otherwise easily be overlooked in the general deluge of publications." —Angewandte Chemie
The present volume finalizes the coverage of organocopper compounds. A complete formula and ligand index for the Gmelin organocopper series will appear shortly as" Organa copper Compounds" 5. The volume describes mononuclear compounds with ligands bonded by two or more carbon atoms as well as all di- to octanuclear and polymeric compounds. Mononuclear compounds with ligands bonded by one carbon atom have already been described in Vol umes 1 (published in 1985), 2 (published in 1983), and 3 (published in 1986). As structural elucidation in organocopper chemistry gained more attention only in the last few years, the terms "mononuclear", "dinuclear" etc. have been used as explained in "Organocopper Compounds" 1, 1985, pp. 3/4: all compounds are treated with their small est formula unit unless a higher nuclearity has been proved. As a consequence, most of the species treated in volumes 1 to 3 are described there because of insufficient structural information although they are alleged not to be monomeric. This way, many of the better characterized compounds appear in the present volume which is reflected by the more than eighty X-ray structure figures. Generally, nuclearity and structure are not only deter mined by the coordination properties of the ligands, but also by steric requirements, and may therefore widely differ for analogous compounds. For abbreviations and dimensions used throughout this volume, see p. X. Frankfurt am Main, July 1987 Johannes Fussel Remarks on Abbreviations and Dimensions Most compounds and reagents in this volume are presented in tables.
Welchen Beitrag kann eine humanistische Pädagogik im Kontext einer Migrationsgesellschaft leisten? Den defizitorientierten Assimilationszwang, dem Fremde häufig ausgesetzt sind, zeigt der Autor an drei Beispielen auf: der Chicagoer Schule der Immigrationsforschung, des Salzburger Landesintegrationskonzeptes 2008 sowie Hartmut Essers Integrationsstufenplans. Die an diesen Modellen exemplarisch geübte Kritik stützt sich auf Edward W. Saids Othering-Theorem, Zygmunt Baumans Diagnosen zur Moderne sowie auf gesellschaftskritische Überlegungen von Max Horkheimer und Theodor W. Adorno. Auf diese Weise gelingt es dem Autor, Bausteine für eine humanistische Pädagogik in der Migrationsgesellschaft zu entwickeln und als universalistische Alternative zu den vorherrschenden partikularistischen Ansätzen in der zeitgenössischen Pädagogik darzustellen.
This book presents a vivid argument for the almost lost idea of a unity of all natural sciences. It starts with the "strange" physics of matter, including particle physics, atomic physics and quantum mechanics, cosmology, relativity and their consequences (Chapter I), and it continues by describing the properties of material systems that are best understood by statistical and phase-space concepts (Chapter II). These lead to entropy and to the classical picture of quantitative information, initially devoid of value and meaning (Chapter III). Finally, "information space" and dynamics within it are introduced as a basis for semantics (Chapter IV), leading to an exploration of life and thought as new problems in physics (Chapter V). Dynamic equations - again of a strange (but very general) nature - bring about the complex familiarity of the world we live in. Surprising new results in the life sciences open our eyes to the richness of physical thought, and they show us what can and what cannot be explained by a Darwinian approach. The abstract physical approach is applicable to the origins of life, of meaningful information and even of our universe.
The "Commentary on John" completes my series "The Good News of Jesus". My exegetical interpretation is written for students, for pastoral co-workers, for the faithful. This new commentary is intended to provide a deeper and more profound understanding of biblical text - always and everywhere. Ein profunder, praxisnaher Johanneskommentar für heute!
Enzyme Engineering An authoritative and up-to-date discussion of enzyme engineering and its applications In Enzyme Engineering: Selective Catalysts for Applications in Biotechnology, Organic Chemistry, and Life Science, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a robust treatment of enzyme engineering and its applications in various fields such as biotechnology, life science, and synthesis. The book begins with an introduction to different protein engineering techniques, covers topics like gene mutagenesis methods for directed evolution and rational enzyme design. It includes industrial case studies of enzyme engineering with a focus on selectivity and activity. The authors also discuss new and innovative areas in the field, involving machine learning and artificial intelligence. It offers several insightful perspectives on the future of this work. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to directed evolution and rational design as protein engineering techniques Comprehensive explorations of screening and selection techniques, gene mutagenesis methods in directed evolution, and guidelines for applying gene mutagenesis in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical applications, and biotechnology Practical discussions of protein engineering of enzyme robustness relevant to organic and pharmaceutical chemistry Treatments of artificial enzymes as promiscuous catalysts Various lessons learned from semi-rational and rational directed evolution A transdisciplinary treatise, Enzyme Engineering: Selective Catalysts for Applications in Biotechnology, Organic Chemistry, and Life Science is perfect for protein engineers, theoreticians, organic, and pharmaceutical chemists as well as transition metal researchers in catalysis and biotechnologists.
German-Greek Yearbook of Political Economy, Volume 1/2018 Introduction to the Volume George Tridimas, When the Greeks Loved the Germans: The Political Economy of King Otto’s Reign Korinna Schönhärl, Why invest in Greece? Gerson von Bleichröder and the Greek loan of 1889 Konstantinos Pilpilidis, A Tale of Two States: Explaining Constitutional Choice in Germany and Greece Athanasios Gromitsaris, On Some Aspects of Administrative Justice in Post-Revolutionary Greece and their Relevance Today Barbara Klose-Ullmann, Medea on Stage: Child Murderess or Abandoned Wife? Emmanouil-Marios L. Economou and Nicholas Kyriazis, Ancient Greek Achaeans, Modern Germans and EU Integration: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Federations Anja Pütz, The Athena of Dornach: A Bronze Statuette Unearthed in Munich’s Neighborhood Heinz D. Kurz, Marx on Aristotle and the Problem of the ‘Common Third’: A Sra ffi an perspective Konstantinos Koulaouzidis, ARS COMBINATORIA v2.5 or: The 64 Ways of Order Information: Conference Program
German pioneers who developed settlements and businesses in Palestine - revolutionising agricultural production during late 19th and early 20th centuries. Their ventures contributed significantly to the modernisation of Palestine and ultimately Israel.
Climate is a paradigm of a complex system. Analysing climate data is an exciting challenge, which is increased by non-normal distributional shape, serial dependence, uneven spacing and timescale uncertainties. This book presents bootstrap resampling as a computing-intensive method able to meet the challenge. It shows the bootstrap to perform reliably in the most important statistical estimation techniques: regression, spectral analysis, extreme values and correlation. This book is written for climatologists and applied statisticians. It explains step by step the bootstrap algorithms (including novel adaptions) and methods for confidence interval construction. It tests the accuracy of the algorithms by means of Monte Carlo experiments. It analyses a large array of climate time series, giving a detailed account on the data and the associated climatological questions. “....comprehensive mathematical and statistical summary of time-series analysis techniques geared towards climate applications...accessible to readers with knowledge of college-level calculus and statistics.” (Computers and Geosciences) “A key part of the book that separates it from other time series works is the explicit discussion of time uncertainty...a very useful text for those wishing to understand how to analyse climate time series.” (Journal of Time Series Analysis) “...outstanding. One of the best books on advanced practical time series analysis I have seen.” (David J. Hand, Past-President Royal Statistical Society)
The present volume is the first of a series of volumes dealing with organorhenium com pounds. lt covers the Literature completely up to the end of 1987. An empirical formula index and a Ligand formula index provide ready access to the compounds covered. ln accordance with the previous arrangement adopted for organemetallic compounds (cf. volumes covering organocobalt, organonickel, or organotitanium compounds), this volume starts with the mononuclear organorhenium compounds. lt contains compounds in which the organic Ligand is bonded to the Re atom by one C atom CL Ligand) and up to four CO groups. Other mononuclear compounds will be covered in the next volume of this series. 2 1 A formula like (C0) Re( D)s L belongs to a type of mononuclear rhenium compounds 2 containing three monodentate ligands eo two-electron donor) such as P(CH )s and one Ligand 3 bonded by one C atom CL) such as C H (trans-pentadienyl) or C(O)R with R = CH . 5 7 3 Much of the data, particularly in tables, is given in abbreviated form without dimensions; for explanation see p. X. Additional remarks, if necessary, are given in the headings of tl'le tables. Frankfurt am Main Adolf Slawisch November 1988 X Remarks on Abbreviation& and Dimensions Many compounds in this volume are presented in tables in which numerous abbreviations are used, the dimensions are omitted for the sake of conciseness. This necessitates the following clarification.
The work of the German philosopher Manfred Frank has profoundly affected the direction of the contemporary debate in many areas of philosophy and literary theory. This present collection, first published in 1998, brings together some of his most important essays, on subjects as diverse as Schleiermacher's hermeneutics, the status of the literary text, and the response to the work of Derrida and Lacan. Frank shows how the discussions of subjectivity in recent literary theory fail to take account of important developments in German Idealist and Romantic philosophy. The prominence accorded language in literary theory and analytic philosophy, he claims, ignores key arguments inherited from Romantic hermeneutics, those which demonstrate that interpretation is an individual activity never finally governed by rules. Andrew Bowie's introduction situates Frank's work in the context of contemporary debates in philosophy and literary theory.
Starting from this dematerialization hypothesis, for the first time comparative case-studies analyse in detail the driving forces of industrial restructuring of different industries and countries in Europe where such a decline has been observed at least temporarily.
In recent years, the field of radical chemistry has undergone explosive growth. Although its roots lie in organic chemistry, the implications of its findings are having enormous impact in a broad range of disciplines, and we now have evidence for radical involvement in over 100 diseases. As important as this is, however, the subject of radicals and
Equine Applied and Clinical Nutrition is a comprehensive text resource on the nutrition and feeding management of horses. Over 20 experts from around the world share their wisdom on a topic of central relevance to all equine practitioners and the equine community generally. Both basic and applied (including healthy and diseased animals) nutrition and feeding management of horses and other equids (i.e. ponies, donkeys, wild equids) are covered. The book will appeal to a wide audienc: undergraduate and post-graduate students in equine science and veterinary medicine, veterinarians, equine nutritionists, horse trainers and owners. The clinical component will strengthen the appeal for equine veterinarians. Equine Applied and Clinical Nutrition will be a "must have" for anyone involved in the care of horses, ponies and other equids. The book is divided into 3 parts: Basic or core nutrition in this context refers to digestive physiology of the horse and the principles of nutrition. Applied nutrition deals with the particular types of foods, and how to maintain an optimum diet through various life stages of the horse. You might characterize this aspect as prevention of disease through diet. Clinical nutrition covers various diseases induced by poor diet, and their dietary treatment and management. It also looks at specific feeding regimes useful in cases disease not specifically induced by diet. Authoritative, international contributions Strong coverage of clinical aspects either omitted from or only sparsely dealt with elsewhere Full colour throughout The only clinical equine nutrition book
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