The priority program 'The educational quality of schools' has been established seven years ago by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The projects in this program investigated conditions inside and outside of school and their impact on the development of mathematical, scientific, and cross-curricular competencies. In this book major findings of the program are presented. The projects not only give an overview of their research questioning methods and findings, but also of approaches and materials that have been developed to support learning and teaching in mathematics and science class rooms. The studies reported here identify factors for weaknesses in the educational outcomes that became apparent in the international comparisons like TIMSS and PISA. The projects, however, provide empirically substantiated units on approaches that can help to improve the educational quality of schools. [Publisher, ed].
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assesses the competencies of 15-year-old students around the world. In 2006, the PISA report focused on the science competencies 15-year-old students developed. The report does not reflect a systematic consideration of science learning environments in schools and their relationship to cognitive and motivational outcomes in terms of scientific literacy. However, in all investigated countries, schools are where young people become familiar with science over an extended period of time. Hence, this book aims to provide detailed information on science teaching and learning in schools in the OECD countries. Data from the PISA 2006 school principals’ and students’ questionnaires is used for the description of science teaching and learning. First, the context of science teaching in schools is described to provide a background for the analyses that follow. Then, the book draws a detailed picture of different components of science teaching relevant for student learning. In addition, international patterns of science teaching and learning are investigated. The investigation focuses on the teaching of scientific enquiry. This focus is chosen because the process of scientific enquiry models the way in which researchers think, and it provides students with ample opportunities to develop science literacy. Further investigations include the effects of different patterns of science teaching on student literacy. The book concludes with implications for policy and practice.
During the last decade impressive development and signi?cant advance of the physics of nonideal plasmas in astrophysics and in laboratories can be observed, creating new possibilities for experimental research. The enormous progress in laser technology, but also ion beam techniques, has opened new ways for the production and diagnosis of plasmas under extreme conditions, relevant for astrophysics and inertially con?ned fusion, and for the study of laser-matter interaction. In shock wave experiments, the equation of state and further properties of highly compressed plasmas can be investigated. This experimental progress has stimulated the further development of the statistical theory of nonideal plasmas. Many new results for thermodynamic and transport properties, for ionization kinetics, dielectric behavior, for the stopping power, laser-matter interaction, and relaxation processes have been achieved in the last decade. In addition to the powerful methods of quantum statistics and the theory of liquids, numerical simulations like path integral Monte Carlo methods and molecular dynamic simulations have been applied.
Using cutting-edge and frontline research relating to present day problems in educational systems, this volume provides a critical discussion about political alternatives in education to neoliberalism. Based on Engeström’s Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), a theory that has potential for new areas of educational research, this book explores a conceptual framework of curriculum innovation in school practice that focuses on processes of mutual meaning-making as boundary crossing between partners from different communities. Focusing on active professionalization and continuing professional learning of teachers as subjects, agents, extended professionals and curriculum makers in school-based deliberative partnerships with one another and with other educational partners inside and outside school, this volume is divided into eight accessible chapters and covers topics such as political and curricular considerations about educational change, deliberative partnership as a new way for reform, prospects for an innovative curriculum process and putting into action deliberative partnership-based curricular innovation. This volume is the perfect addition for teachers, teacher educators, researchers and practitioners who are looking to explore beyond the viewpoint that teachers operate in singular communities and the potential and possibility of an alternative framework for teacher learning in the future.
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assesses the competencies of 15-year-old students around the world. In 2006, the PISA report focused on the science competencies 15-year-old students developed. The report does not reflect a systematic consideration of science learning environments in schools and their relationship to cognitive and motivational outcomes in terms of scientific literacy. However, in all investigated countries, schools are where young people become familiar with science over an extended period of time. Hence, this book aims to provide detailed information on science teaching and learning in schools in the OECD countries. Data from the PISA 2006 school principals’ and students’ questionnaires is used for the description of science teaching and learning. First, the context of science teaching in schools is described to provide a background for the analyses that follow. Then, the book draws a detailed picture of different components of science teaching relevant for student learning. In addition, international patterns of science teaching and learning are investigated. The investigation focuses on the teaching of scientific enquiry. This focus is chosen because the process of scientific enquiry models the way in which researchers think, and it provides students with ample opportunities to develop science literacy. Further investigations include the effects of different patterns of science teaching on student literacy. The book concludes with implications for policy and practice.
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