This book presents MOSFET-based current mode logic (CML) topologies, which increase the speed, and lower the transistor count, supply voltage and power consumption. The improved topologies modify the conventional PDN, load, and the current source sections of the basic CML gates. Electronic system implementation involves embedding digital and analog circuits on a single die shifting towards mixed-mode circuit design. The high-resolution, low-power and low-voltage analog circuits are combined with high-frequency complex digital circuits, and the conventional static CMOS logic generates large current spikes during the switching (also referred to as digital switching noise), which degrade the resolution of the sensitive analog circuits via supply line and substrate coupling. This problem is exacerbated further with scaling down of CMOS technology due to higher integration levels and operating frequencies. In the literature, several methods are described to reduce the propagation of the digital switching noise. However, in high-resolution applications, these methods are not sufficient. The conventional CMOS static logic is no longer an effective solution, and therefore an alternative with reduced current spikes or that draws a constant supply current must be selected. The current mode logic (CML) topology, with its unique property of requiring constant supply current, is a promising alternative to the conventional CMOS static logic.
AI FOR GOOD-INDIA AND BEYOND" is a seminal work offering a comprehensive navigation into the evolution and current state of AI regulation in India, marking significant judicial decisions and emerging policies with a keen eye on their alignment with international laws/standards. The book advocates for a Human Rights-Centric Policy Approach promoting fairness, accountability, and transparency in the development of ethical AI systems. Analysing global trends and legal approaches towards AI governance, the authors provide a comparative panorama spanning the latest EU AI Act (2024) to enactments in Brazil, China, Japan, and the USA. Key features • Comprehensive Analysis: Detailed analysis of AI & laws, and policies in India and their global interplay. • Legal Frameworks: Exploration of the statutes and case laws that govern AI, highlighting the evolving legal landscape with real-life examples. • Ethical Considerations: Discussion on the ethical frameworks that must be considered for responsible AI management, including safety, inclusivity, equality, privacy, transparency, accountability, and protection of human values. • Policy Recommendations: Tailored recommendations for India, considering its unique position in the global market and potential for AI leadership. • International Perspectives: Examination of international frameworks and guidelines from major entities like the EU, OECD, and the UNESCO, offering a global context for comparison. • IPR and AI Interplay: A dedicated section on the relationship between AI and intellectual property rights, addressing concerns around AI-generated content, and ownership. • Civil and Criminal Liabilities: Insights into the complex issues of AI and legal liability, highlighting discussions of potential civil and criminal implications. • Legal Personhood of AI: An in-depth look at the concept of granting legal personhood to AI entities and the related legal and ethical implications. • Data Governance: The draft National Data Governance Framework Policy and its importance for managing government data and fostering an ecosystem for AI are covered. • Deeper Insights : 500 plus references for deeper understanding of the topics illustrated in the book
This book presents MOSFET-based current mode logic (CML) topologies, which increase the speed, and lower the transistor count, supply voltage and power consumption. The improved topologies modify the conventional PDN, load, and the current source sections of the basic CML gates. Electronic system implementation involves embedding digital and analog circuits on a single die shifting towards mixed-mode circuit design. The high-resolution, low-power and low-voltage analog circuits are combined with high-frequency complex digital circuits, and the conventional static CMOS logic generates large current spikes during the switching (also referred to as digital switching noise), which degrade the resolution of the sensitive analog circuits via supply line and substrate coupling. This problem is exacerbated further with scaling down of CMOS technology due to higher integration levels and operating frequencies. In the literature, several methods are described to reduce the propagation of the digital switching noise. However, in high-resolution applications, these methods are not sufficient. The conventional CMOS static logic is no longer an effective solution, and therefore an alternative with reduced current spikes or that draws a constant supply current must be selected. The current mode logic (CML) topology, with its unique property of requiring constant supply current, is a promising alternative to the conventional CMOS static logic.
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