This book covers the following topics: (1) meson and hadron production by real and virtual photon interaction with nucleons and nuclei; (2) astrophysical studies via photoreactions and hadron reactions; (3) new technologies for the electromagnetic probes and detector development; (4) nuclear structure studies with electromagnetic probes; (5) fundamental symmetries with electromagnetic probes and related problems.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: ? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)
This English translation of a key work by one of Okinawa’s most respected historians, Mamoru Akamine, provides a compelling new picture of the role played by the Ryukyu Kingdom in the history of East Asia. Okinawa Island, from which the present-day Japanese prefecture derives its name, is the largest of the Ryukyu Islands, an archipelago that stretches between Japan and Taiwan. In the present volume, Akamine chronicles the rise of the Ryukyu Kingdom in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, when it played a major part in East Asian trade and diplomacy. Then Ryukyu was indeed the cornerstone in a vibrant East Asian trade sphere centered on Ming China, linking what we now call Japan, Korea, and China to Southeast Asia. With historical and cultural connections to both Japan and China, Ryukyu also mediated diplomatically between the two nations, whose leaders more often than not refused to deal with each other directly. But eventually the kingdom became a victim of its own success. Political developments in China and Japan starting in the sixteenth century brought great changes to the region, and in 1609 Ryukyu was invaded by Satsuma, Japan’s southernmost domain. The China-Japan geopolitical rivalry would in time be acted out within Ryukyu itself, as one faction strove to maintain ties with China while another supported union with rapidly modernizing Japan. Throughout the work Akamine’s approach to Ryukyu history is distinguished by his expert use of Chinese and Korean sources, which allows him to examine events from several different angles. This contributes to a broad, sweeping narrative, revealing an East Asia made up of many shifting and interrelated parts—not just nation states pursuing their own interests. Akamine’s facility with Chinese texts in particular uncovers telling details that add considerably to the historical record. His meticulous account of one of Ryukyu’s tribute missions to China, for example, or the role of feng shui in the design of Shuri Castle, the royal and administrative center of the kingdom, is detailed without being pedantic. As a result, readers will come away with a broader, more informed understanding of Ryukyu’s significance in the region and the complexity of its relations with its neighbors.
Japanese society is frequently held up to the Western world as a model of harmony and efficiency, but the price it pays tends to be overlooked. In a searching analysis that will fascinate students and admirers of Japan as much as it will inform psychologists and suicidologists, Mamoru Iga discusses the precise nature of the “thorn in the chrysanthemum,” a thorn that may hurt both the Japanese and the outsider who conducts business with them. The author, who was reared and educated in Japan, is uniquely qualified to interpret the value orientations of a society in which suicide is all too common. He finds that the traits leading to homogeneity and extreme adaptability in that society as a whole are the very traits that can produce painful reactions in the individual. Those traits are described as monism, groupism, authoritarianism, familism, and accommodationism, and together they comprise the Japanese “social character.” Because the individual’s behavior is based on the images, assumptions, and ideas about the world that make up his or her culture, conformism in the individual is one major manifestation of Japan’s social character. In Japan, the need to fill one’s socially prescribed role may make it doubly difficult to think independently and creatively and to find solutions for the resulting stress. Suicide notes and other personal documents reveal the painful cost of modern Japan’s success story, as the examination of individual suicides is related both to the theoretical framework of Durkheim’s types of suicide and to the sociological patterns that characterize suicide in Japan. It is in personal value orientations, however, that Iga finds the common ground between suicide and economic success. American readers will find especially interesting the contrast between value orientations in Japan and in the United States. Nearly the opposite of the Japanese traits described above, American values of rationalism, individualism, competition, and change create their own problems. There is much to be learned from this expert analysis of the problem of suicide in Japan. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986.
Mechanical methods of the activation of chemical processes are currently widely used for the synthesis of various compounds. The present monograph deals with the development of a novel approach to mechanochemical synthesis based on reactions of solid acids, bases, hydrated compounds, crystal hydrates, basic and acidic salts. This method has been called soft mechanochemical synthesis. The monograph includes the papers published by the present authors. They describe the results of their investigations n the last two decades. New theoretical and experimental data on kinetics and mechanism of soft mechanochemical reactions in the mixtures of compounds mentioned above to give complex oxide compounds are presented. The description of new high energetic and high efficient mills providing effective occurrence of these reactions is delivered. The possibilities of applying soft mechanochemical synthesis for materials used in catalysts, material science, electronics, etc., are discussed. The advantages of the method proposed in comparison with other methods are demonstrated. The monograph is designed for researchers, engineers and technicians engaged in chemical and ceramic industry, for scientists and students specialized in the area of development, and application of new materials.
This book consists of five acts and two interludes, which are all written as dialogues between three main characters and other supporting characters. Each act discusses the epistemological, institutional and methodological foundations of game theory and economics, while using various stories and examples. A featured aspect of those discussions is that many forms of mutual misunderstanding are involved in social situations as well as in those fields themselves. One Japanese traditional comic story called the Konnyaku Mondo is representative and gives hints of how our thought is constrained by incorrect beliefs. Each dialogue critically examines extant theories and common misunderstanding in game theory and economics in order to find possible future developments of those fields.
Final state interactions in [symbol] photoproduction near threshold / Y. Oh and T.-S.H. Lee -- The Q[symbol] evolution of the GDH sum rule (on [symbol]He and the neutron) / G.D. Cates -- Detailed study of the [symbol]he nuclei through response function separations at high momentum transfer / D.W. Higinbotham -- Final state interaction in [symbol] reaction: study of finite formation time effects / H. Morita [und weitere] -- Simultaneous measurement of the two-body photodisintegration of [symbol]H and [symbol]He / G.V. O'Rielly -- Nuclear medium effects in hadron leptoproduction / N. Bianchi -- Quasifree processes from nuclei: meson photoproduction and electron scattering / L.J. Abu-Raddad and J. Piekarewicz -- Quasielastic and [symbol] excitation in electron scattering / K.S. Kim [und weitere] -- Kaon photo- and electroproduction on the deuteron with beam and recoil polarizations / K. Miyagawa [und weitere] -- Electroproduction of strange nuclei / E.V. Hungerford -- Photoproducion of the [symbol](1020) near threshold in CLAS / D.J. Tedeschi for the CLAS Collab. -- K+ photoproduction at LEPS/SPring-8 / R.G.T. Zegers [und weitere] -- Polarization observables in kaon electroproduction with CLAS at Jefferson Laboratory / D.S. Carman -- Can the scalar mesons [symbol](980) be described by K + K? / R.T. Jones -- Meson photoproduction at GRAAL / O. Bartalini [und weitere] -- Giant resonances in nuclei near and far from [beta]-stability line / H. Sagawa -- Indirect measurements of the [symbol]B reaction / T. Motobayashi -- Search for an orbital magnetic quadrupole twist mode in nuclei with electron scattering at 180° / P. von Neumann-Cosel -- Spin-isospin interaction and properties in stable and exotic nuclei / T. Otsuka [und weiteren] -- Photonuclear reactions of light nuclei and few-body problems / T. Shima [und weiteren] -- Determination of S[symbol] based on CDCC analyses for [symbol]B / K. Ogata [und weiteren] -- E2 and M1 transitions among triaxially superdeformed bands in Lu isotopes / K. Sugawara-Tanabe and K. Tanabe
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