Farming is the foundation of our food system. While the prerequisite for farming is a clean environment and a diverse nature, agriculture is currently the cause of major environmental problems, including greenhouse gas and nitrogen emissions. The challenge to protect our environment and feed the world sometimes seem insurmountable, but solutions might be just around the corner. This report describes two food system scenarios for Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, where the majority of food is produced within the region using organic farming practices and where livestock is mainly fed on grass and by-products not suitable for human consumption. The results show that we could feed the projected Nordic population in 2030 on organic food, mostly grown within the region, while reducing the climate and nitrogen footprints of our food system.
From the internationally bestselling author of Quicksand, a brilliant, gut-wrenching story of childhood friends torn apart by gang violence and class differences. Dogge is from affluent Rönnviken in Stockholm. Billy lives in the concrete towers of Våringe, a few hundred yards across a highway but a world apart. They met as six-year-olds at Rönnviken’s playground and have been unlikely best friends ever since. From the outside, Dogge looks privileged: he lives in a large home and there is plenty of money—at first. But his parents are addicts whose negligence becomes a form of abuse. Meanwhile, Billy’s family are poor first-generation immigrants unable to escape the no-go zone where they live. But their cramped apartment is nonetheless a bastion of love. When gangs tighten their grip on Våringe, a ruthless small-time boss seeks recruits and both Dogge and Billy become runners by the time they’re twelve. Fast cash, easy access to drugs, and the dream of gaining status draw them in. But when Billy wants to leave the gang and finds himself trapped, the boys must face the violent rules of the adult game they tried to play. When children commit horrible crimes, who bears the responsibility? With piercing prose and a breathless sense of urgency, Deliver Me is at once a poignant portrayal of the power of friendship and a shattering depiction of what happens when society fails to protect those that need it most. What does justice mean for these lost children and is the law capable of delivering it? PRAISE FOR MALIN PERSSON GIOLITO: 'Sensitive, moving and absorbing' Marcel Berlins, The Times 'This is the evolution of Scandinavian crime, in more ways than one' Fredrik Backman 'Compelling and brutally candid . . . superbly told' Daily Mail 'Suspenseful and addictive' Real Crime 'Splendid' Kirkus Reviews 'Haunting and immersive' Publishers Weekly
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2024-521/ This report reviews the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Gender Action Plan (UNFCCC GAP) in the Nordic countries. The UNFCCC GAP aims at advancing knowledge and understanding of gender responsive climate action, and includes activities for gender mainstreaming the implementation of the Paris Agreement. The report finds that the Nordic region demonstrates commitment to integrating gender equality perspectives into climate policies, and summarises best case examples on local and national level. It also suggests that by prioritising capacity building of mainstreaming in climate policies, utilising available sex-disaggregated data for gender analysis, and by enhancing coherence in relevant policy frameworks, the Nordic countries can improve their implementation of the UNFCCC GAP and further pave the way for a just transition to a green economy.
One blogger’s story of her hunger for greater meaning in life and its enrichment through sharing handmade bread, plus fifty delicious recipes you can try. From her cozy kitchen in Berlin to a flat in London, from a deck in New York City to huddling around a tandoor in Kabul, the author shares discoveries, stories, and recipes from her inspiring travels. A busy fashion-industry professional with a bread-baking obsession, Malin Elmlid started offering her loaves to others in return for recipes, handmade goods, and, above all, special experiences that come from giving generously of yourself. Here is a book of tales and reflections, of wanderlust connections, and more than fifty recipes for Malin’s naturally leavened breads and other delicious things collected on a journey honoring the staff and the stuff of life.
Expand your knowledge and put it into practice with this unique, case-based guide Clinical Cases in Orofacial Pain is a valuable resource for undergraduate dental students as well as residents working towards board certification. Individual cases cover temporomandibular joint disorders, masticatory muscle disorders, headache, neuropathic pain, dental pain, tooth wear, and dystonia. Following the popular Clinical Cases series style, cases are presented with associated academic commentary, including background information, diagnostic criteria and fundamental points that might influence the diagnosis, treatment planning or management of the case. Well-illustrated throughout, each chapter features self-assessment study questions to help foster independent learning. Clinical Cases in Orofacial Pain is an excellent primer for undergraduate dental students and an invaluable study guide for postgraduate students and residents. Dental practitioners will also want to keep this unique, case-based guide as a ready reference in their working libraries.
A “knockout legal thriller” about one woman’s conflicted efforts to overturn what may be a wrongful conviction—from the award-winning author of Quicksand (Washington Post). “A courtroom drama that will make you question every testimony.” —Refinery29 I'm giving you a chance to achieve every lawyer’s dream, said Sophia Weber’s old professor. Freeing an innocent man. Thirteen years ago, a 15-year-old girl was murdered. Doctor Stig Ahlin was sentenced to life in prison. But no one has forgotten the brutal crime. Ahlin is known as one of the most ruthless criminals. When Sophia Weber discovers critical flaws in the murder investigation, she decides to help Ahlin. But Sophia doing her utmost to get her client exonerated arouses many people’s disgust. And the more she learns, the more difficult her job becomes. What kind of man is her client really? What has he done? And will she ever know the truth?
Lyme borreliosis (LB) is caused by spirochetes within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and is the most common tick-transmitted disease in the northern hemisphere. The transmission of the spirochetes to humans in Europe is done by the Ixodes ricinus ticks, which can also transmit the relapsing fever species Borrelia miyamotoi. LB may cause clinical manifestations in the skin, in the central nervous system, in joints, and in the heart. Diagnosis of LB is mainly based on the patient´s medical history, self-described symptoms, and clinical signs in combination with the detection of Borrelia-specific antibodies (serological methods). In some cases/issues, detection of Borrelia-specific deoxyribonucleic acid (molecular methods) may be used as a complement to serology. All diagnosed LB infections are treated with antibiotics to prevent disease progression, and most patients fully recover without further sequelae. The overall aims of this thesis were to evaluate molecular and serological tools for laboratory diagnosis of LB, with a special focus on Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), and to identify potential improvements. The results presented in this thesis showed that the immunoglobulin (Ig) G assays, currently in use in northern Europe for detection of antibodies in serum, had high diagnostic sensitivity (88 %) together with comparable results both between and within assays. For the IgM assays, the diagnostic sensitivity was lower (59 %) with more heterogeneous results. Small variations in diagnostic performance for IgM and IgG were mainly presented for samples within the borderline zone. These results support the theory that separate testing of IgM antibodies in serum has low diagnostic value. However, simultaneous detection in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for both IgM and IgG antibodies was essential for the diagnosis of LNB, at least for certain assays. So far (to our knowledge), no systematic evaluation and optimisation of the pre-analytical handling of CSF samples before molecular testing has been performed. By use of the precipitate concentrated by moderate centrifugation, extraction of total nucleic acid followed by reversetranscription to complementary deoxyribonucleic acid, in combination with the absence of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors, detection of Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, and B. miyamotoi was possible. These four species are all known to be pathogenic to humans. The results revealed a high analytical sensitivity and specificity for the optimised pre-analytical conditions. The thesis also presents results showing that the real-time PCR protocols currently used in Scandinavia have high analytical sensitivity, specificity, and concordance. This indicates that the low diagnostic sensitivity for detection of Borrelia in CSF was not a result of poorly designed and evaluated PCR protocols, but was possibly due to the low number of spirochetes in the samples. However, to further evaluate the diagnostic performance for detection of Borrelia in CSF by PCR, clinical samples need to be evaluated based on our new recommendations for the pre-analytical handling of CSF samples. In conclusion, this thesis presents results revealing that both molecular and serological tools for detection of Borrelia have, in general high sensitivity and specificity with results comparable between different protocols and different laboratories. It also presents recommendations for pre-analytical handling of CSF samples before PCR-analysis, and shows the benefits in diagnostic performance by simultaneous detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in serum and CSF for accurate diagnosis of LNB. Even though the techniques mentioned above have high analytical performance, the ability to discriminate an active infection from a previous one is limited and further studies need to be carried out. These studies need to focus on finding diagnostic tools that can help physicians to determine ongoing infection to ensure adequate treatment. It is also desirable to improve the standardisation of the diagnostic tools and to find methods that can discriminate between different Borrelia species. Borrelios är den vanligaste fästingöverförda sjukdomen på norra halvklotet och orsakas av bakterier inom Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato gruppen. Överföringen av bakterier till människa i Europa sker via Ixodes ricinus fästingar, vilka även överför bakterien Borrelia miyamotoi som ger återfallsfeber. Borreliainfektioner uppvisar kliniska uttryck i huden, i det centrala nervsystemet och i leder. En borrelia-diagnos baseras främst på patientens medicinska historia i kombination med kliniska tecken, egenbeskrivna symptom samt påvisning av Borrelia-specifika antikroppar (serologiska metoder). Vid vissa frågeställningar kan påvisning av Borrelia-bakteriens arvsmassa (molekylärbiologiska metoder) användas som komplement till antikroppstester. Alla diagnostiserade borreliainfektioner behandlas med antibiotika för att förhindra utveckling av sjukdomen och merparten av patienterna blir fullt återställda. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att utvärdera metoder för påvisning av Borrelia-specifika antikroppar samt Borrelia-specifik arvsmassa, men fokus på neuroborrelios, samt identifiera potentiella förbättringar. De metoder som används för påvisning av immunoglobulin (IgG)-antikroppar (uppträder sent i en infektion) i serum i norra Europa uppvisar hög känslighet (88 %) med jämförbara resultat både mellan och inom en analysmetod. Vid påvisning av IgM-antikroppar (uppträder tidigt i en infektion) i serum uppvisas lägre känslighet (59 %) och mer olikartade resultat. Små variationer i den diagnostiska förmågan att påvisa IgM och IgG-antikroppar beror till stor del på att flera prover erhållit gränsvärden d v s ett värde som inte kan anses som positivt men inte heller som negativt. Resultaten från denna studie indikerar att påvisning av IgM-antikroppar i serum har lågt värde vid diagnostik av Borrelia. Dock bör parallell analys av både IgM och IgG-antikroppar i serum och ryggmärgsvätska utföras vid påvisning av neuroborrelios. I dagsläget (till vår kännedom) har ingen systematisk utvärdering och optimering av det preanalytiska tillvägagångssättet vid påvisning av Borrelia-specifik arvsmassa i ryggmärgsvätska genomförts. Genom att använda pelleten (bottensatsen som erhålls genom måttlig centrifugering), framrening av total nukleinsyra i kombination med frånvaro av material som kan påverka PCR-reaktionen på ett negativt sätt (inhibitorer), kan påvisning av Borreliaarterna Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto och B. miyamotoi ske. Dessa Borrelia-arter är alla patogena för människa. De realtids-PCR protokoll som i dagsläget används i Skandinavien har hög analytisk känslighet, tillförlitlighet och överensstämmelse. Detta tyder på att den låga känslighet som uppvisas vid påvisning av Borrelia-specifik arvsmassa i ryggmärgsvätska inte beror på dåligt utvärderade och designade PCR-protokoll, utan är troligtvis orsakad av låg bakteriemängd i proverna. För vidare utvärdering av den diagnostiska förmågan att påvisa Borrelia-specifik arvsmassa i ryggmärgsvätska med PCR, bör kliniska prover samlas in och analyseras utifrån de nya rekommendationerna för pre-analytiskt tillvägagångssätt vid analys av ryggmärgsprover. Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten i denna avhandling på generellt hög känslighet och tillförlitlighet samt överensstämmelse mellan olika protokoll/test vid påvisningar av Borreliaspecifika antikroppar och Borrelia-specifik arvsmassa. I avhandlingen presenteras även rekommendationer för pre-analytiskt tillvägagångssätt vid omhändertagande och transport av ryggmärgsvätska till laboratoriet. Resultaten visar även på nyttan i att analysera ryggmärgsvätska och serum parallellt för både IgM och IgG-antikroppar för att erhålla rätt diagnos vid frågeställningen neuroborrelios. Ovan nämnda metoder har trots god prestanda svårt att i alla lägen särskilja en aktiv infektion från en tidigare genomgången, varpå vidare studier krävs. Framtida studier bör fokusera på att finna diagnostiska verktyg som hjälper läkarna att urskilja en pågående infektion så att patienten erhåller passande behandling. Det är också mycket viktigt att arbeta vidare mot en standardisering av de diagnostiska metoderna samt finna metoder som har möjlighet att särskilja mellan olika Borrelia-arter.
Austerity’s impacts on the healthcare, social care and education professions are under the spotlight in this important book. From scarcer resources to greater stresses, and falling training budgets to rising risks, it charts how policies and cuts have compromised workers’ ability to undertake their professional roles. It combines research and practice experience to assess the extent of de-professionalisation in recent years and how workers have responded. This book is a vital review of how austerity has resculpted our notions of professionalism.
This book draws attention to the controversy that surrounds Betty Friedan, Germaine Greer, Gloria Steinem, and Simone de Beauvoir’s lives and the important role that their life stories have played in their feminist writing. Directly and indirectly, the four women have contributed to battles over feminism’s meaning through autobiographically informed political writing. Inevitably, therefore, their biographers are also participants in these battles, yet not always on the same side as their subjects. Writing Feminist Lives introduces a further fold of nuance into considerations of biography and feminism by showing that the biographers of the four women have made methodological choices that reflect their loyalty to, or their scepticism towards, competing ideological definitions of the exemplary feminist life.
Voltage-gated ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that open or close their gates when the voltage across the membrane is changed. They underlie the electrical activity that enables the heart to pump blood and the brain to receive and send signals. Changes in expression, distribution, and functional properties of voltage-gated ion channels can lead to diseases, such as epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, and pain-related disorders. Drugs that modulate the function of voltage-gated ion channels control these diseases in some patients, but the existing drugs do not adequately help all patients, and some also have severe side effects. Resin acids are common components of pine resins, with a hydrophobic three-ringed motif and a negatively charged carboxyl group. They open big-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels and voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels. We aimed to characterize the binding site and mechanism of action of resin acids on a KV channel and explore the effect of a resin acid by modifying the position and valence of charge of the carboxyl group. We tested the effect on several voltage-gated ion channels, including two KV channels expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and several voltage-gated ion channels expressed in cardiomyocytes. For this endeavour different electrophysiological techniques, ion channels, and cell types were used together with chemical synthesis of about 140 resin-acid derivatives, mathematical models, and computer simulations. We found that resin acids bind between the lipid bilayer and the Shaker KV channel, in the cleft between transmembrane segment S3 and S4, on the extracellular side of the voltage-sensor domain. This is a fundamentally new interaction site for small-molecule compounds that otherwise usually bind to ion channels in pockets surrounded by water. We also showed that the resin acids open the Shaker KV channel via an electrostatic mechanism, exerted on the positively charged voltage sensor S4. The effect of a resin acid increased when the negatively charged carboxyl group (the effector) and the hydrophobic three-ringed motif (anchor in lipid bilayer) were separated by three atoms: longer stalks decreased the effect. The length rule, in combination with modifications of the anchor, was used to design new resin-acid derivatives that open the human M-type (Kv7.2/7.3) channel. A naturally occurring resin acid also reduced the excitability of cardiomyocytes by affecting the voltage-dependence of several voltage-gated ion channels. The major finding was that the resin acid inactivated sodium and calcium channels, while it activated KV channels at more negative membrane voltages. Computer simulations confirmed that the combined effect on different ion channels reduced the excitability of a cardiomyocyte. Finally, the resin acid reversed induced arrhythmic firing of the cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, resin acids are potential drug candidates for diseases such as epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmia: knowing the binding site and mechanism of action can help to fine tune the resin acid to increase the effect, as well as the selectivity.
Though she yearns for her pre-pregnancy figure, a new mother has little time to devote to exercise; attending to the needs of a newborn is a full-time job. A revolutionary postnatal fitness program, Pee Wee Pilates gives new mothers what no other fitness program or book has to date: a quick and proven method they can do at home to whip their postpartum body gently back into shape and enrich their babies at the same time. Pilates targets the areas most affected by pregnancy (abdomen, hips, lower back, and buttocks), so new moms will get results fast without having to leave homes or carve out huge chunks of time. Simultaneously, because the baby is incorporated into the Pilates movements, women get to enjoy a loving and fun interaction with their babies. Unlike other mother/baby fitness programs, however, baby is far more than just a prop; the exercises in Pee Wee Pilates are designed specifically to help foster a little one's development and attachment to mother. Developed by one of New York City's leading Pilates teachers, Pee Wee Pilates promises to be the hot new "baby and me" exercise program for new mothers everywhere.
Balancing Water for Humans and Nature, authored by two of the world's leading experts on water management, examines water flows - the 'blood stream' of both nature and society - in terms of the crucial links, balances, conflicts and trade-offs between human and environmental needs. The authors argue that a sustainable future depends fundamentally on our ability to manage these trade-offs and encourage long-term resilience. They advocate an ecohydrological approach to land/water/environmental problems and advance a strong, reasoned argument for viewing precipitation as the gross fresh water resource, ultimately responsible for sustaining all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem services.This book makes the most coherent and holistic argument to date for a new ecological approach to understanding and managing water resources for the benefit of all. Basing their analysis on per capita needs for an acceptable nutritional diet, the authors analyse predictions of the amounts of water needed for global food production by 2050 and identify potential sources. Drawing on small-scale experiences in Africa and Asia, they also cover the vulnerability of the semi-arid tropics through a simplified model of green and blue water scarcity components.
A night-nurse in a psychiatric ward is on duty at the bedside of a sleeping mother who has confessed to the criminal murder of her own child. The nurse finds herself strangely drawn to the silent patient, with whom no word is ever exchanged. But thoughts about the patient's deeds trigger a series of disturbing memories, and as the nurses past gradually unfolds throughout the nightlong vigil, her own troubled story merges with that of the patient. Slowly the chilling nature of their affinity begins to dawn. Lindroth creates a poetic work that is as unflinchingly realistic as it is wryly humorous, and by interweaving scenes from Hans Christian Andersen's tale of "The Little Mermaid, she brilliantly links up familiar events of the present day with the darkness and light of childhood, which leads in turn to the timeless realm of fairytale.
Farming is the foundation of our food system. While the prerequisite for farming is a clean environment and a diverse nature, agriculture is currently the cause of major environmental problems, including greenhouse gas and nitrogen emissions. The challenge to protect our environment and feed the world sometimes seem insurmountable, but solutions might be just around the corner. This report describes two food system scenarios for Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, where the majority of food is produced within the region using organic farming practices and where livestock is mainly fed on grass and by-products not suitable for human consumption. The results show that we could feed the projected Nordic population in 2030 on organic food, mostly grown within the region, while reducing the climate and nitrogen footprints of our food system.
A “knockout legal thriller” about one woman’s conflicted efforts to overturn what may be a wrongful conviction—from the award-winning author of Quicksand (Washington Post). “A courtroom drama that will make you question every testimony.” —Refinery29 I'm giving you a chance to achieve every lawyer’s dream, said Sophia Weber’s old professor. Freeing an innocent man. Thirteen years ago, a 15-year-old girl was murdered. Doctor Stig Ahlin was sentenced to life in prison. But no one has forgotten the brutal crime. Ahlin is known as one of the most ruthless criminals. When Sophia Weber discovers critical flaws in the murder investigation, she decides to help Ahlin. But Sophia doing her utmost to get her client exonerated arouses many people’s disgust. And the more she learns, the more difficult her job becomes. What kind of man is her client really? What has he done? And will she ever know the truth?
A night-nurse in a psychiatric ward is on duty at the bedside of a sleeping mother who has confessed to the criminal murder of her own child. The nurse finds herself strangely drawn to the silent patient, with whom no word is ever exchanged. But thoughts about the patient's deeds trigger a series of disturbing memories, and as the nurses past gradually unfolds throughout the nightlong vigil, her own troubled story merges with that of the patient. Slowly the chilling nature of their affinity begins to dawn. Lindroth creates a poetic work that is as unflinchingly realistic as it is wryly humorous, and by interweaving scenes from Hans Christian Andersen's tale of "The Little Mermaid, she brilliantly links up familiar events of the present day with the darkness and light of childhood, which leads in turn to the timeless realm of fairytale.
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