The vast majority of Britain’s railways were built between 1830 and 1900 which happened to coincide with the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901). By the turn of the Nineteenth/Twentieth Century, over one hundred different railway companies were operating in Britain on more than 22,000 miles of railway track. Although these new railways brought prosperity to the nation and enabled goods and passengers to be speedily transported the length and breadth of the country for the first time, this remarkable feat of engineering brought with it some unwelcome side-effects, one of which was crime. Wherever crowds of people gather, or unattended goods are being transported, a few unscrupulous individuals and career criminals will usually emerge to ply their trade. Some railway staff members are also unable to resist the temptation of stealing money or goods passing through their hands. This book gives an insight into the nature and types of crime committed on the railways during the Victorian era, incorporating such offenses as theft, assaults and murder, fraud, obstructing the railways and various other infringements of the law. Over seventy different cases mentioned in the book are true accounts of events which took place on the railway during the Victorian era, the details of which were obtained as a result of hours of researching British Newspaper Archives of that period. The author hopes that readers will get as much pleasure from analyzing the various cases cited in the book, as he himself derived from researching and writing about them.
This book traces the history of the British Transport Police, the National Police Force responsible for policing the railways of England, Scotland and Wales. The roots of the Force go back almost 200 years, starting with the development of the railways during the Nineteenth Century. Hundreds of railway companies were founded and although mergers and amalgamations took place, by the end of the century, well over 100 railway companies were operating, most of which employed railway policemen. The first railway policemen were recruited to work on the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1826. Other railway companies quickly followed and by the 1850s, railway policemen with their smart uniforms and top hats were a common sight on Britain’s railways. During the Twentieth Century, railway companies continued to merge before being nationalized in 1948. The following year, the British Transport Commission (BTC) was created to oversee not only the newly nationalized railway network, but also the nation’s docks, shipping, inland waterways, road transport, road haulage and other companies. Also in 1949, the British Transport Commission Police (BTC Police) was created to take over the policing of these newly nationalized institutions. All the former railway, dock and canal police forces were then absorbed into the new BTC Police Force. The BTC was abolished in 1962, having incurred serious financial losses. The BTC Police was renamed the British Transport Police in 1963 and has continued to operate ever since. It no longer polices the docks, harbors and canals for reasons outlined in this book.
A treasury of photos capturing the end of an era in transportation history—the final decade of steam locomotives in Britain. Malcolm Clegg has been taking railway pictures since the early 1960s, and also enjoys access to collections taken by friends who were recording the steam railway scene during this period. In this book, he covers a wide variety of classes of locomotives that were withdrawn during the last decade of steam traction, examples of some of which are now preserved. This book is a record of his and other peoples’ journeys during the last decade of steam in the 1960s, with photographs and informative captions looking at steam traction in a wide variety of geographical locations around the British Railways network.
L M S & L N E R Steam Locomotives, is the result of over two decades of photographing steam locomotives in action in many parts of Britain covered by the former LMS and LNER Railway Companies. They were the two largest of the ‘Big Four’ Railway Companies which operated in Britain between 1923 and 1948. The majority of the photographs were taken during the British Railways era between 1948 and 1968. Although the author Malcolm Clegg has a sizeable collection of steam locomotive photographs taken during this period, the photographs which appear in this book are from the private collection of his lifelong friend and family relative, Mr Peter Cookson (a retired school-master), himself a railway historian, author and amateur photographer, who has kindly provided the photographs for publication in this book. Many of the photographs selected are rare and unusual for a variety of reasons which should appeal to railway historians and steam enthusiasts alike.
British Steam Locomotives Before Preservation, covers the history in pictorial form of steam locomotives that are now preserved as part of the national collection. Those which can be found in private collections and the ones which adorn the various heritage railways which operate throughout Britain. The book looks at each subject both in its working life and during its subsequent preservation. The pictorial content covers a wide swathe of Britain during the years before the heritage locomotives, were earmarked for preservation.
The eighty letters, cards and other messages in this correspondence -- produced mainly by Lowry and Gerald Noxon but also by Margerie (Bonner) Lowry -- offer a fresh introduction to Lowry, a certain 'Canadian' Lowry. At the same time they give insight into two writing careers (Bonner and Noxon) closely intertwined with his and vigorously championed by him in the 1940s. The letters observe the mind of Lowry at play on questions of literary technique, on films, and on the beauties and rigors of life in his Dollarton shack on an inlet near Vancouver. They reveal a warm, supportive, enormously sensitive and intelligent man, modifying somewhat the image of him now available.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Although products of the ``new biotechnology'' are now becoming available commercially, several practical problems remain to be solved in separating products that are pure enough for commercial use. Downstream processing, for example, is one of the principal areas in which problems have arisen. Based on a conference organized by the Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange Group of the Society of Chemical Industry, this volume provides state-of-the art review of recent developments in separation procedures. It presents a broad overview of biotechnology and downstream processing and discusses separation techniques currently in use as well as those in the early stages of development. Included is coverage of analytical techniques, such as online techniques for direct or indirect measurement of biochemical parameters. Also included are discussions on process control and product containment and safety.
A compilation of letters and other writings, published and unpublished, sent to UK national newspapers and a variety of other publications - beer to Bradman, deterrence to Downton Abbey, mathematics to mobile phones - one man's take on the subjects of the day. "You will not be able to put it down. Completely absorbing. It is everything that you wished that you had said, but much better expressed. Variously - acerbic; thoughtful; penetrating; witty and perceptive. A rich seam of responses to political events; cricket; pomposity and everyday life. It is hugely enjoyable." The Lord Dear QPM, former HM Inspector of Constabulary.
Collins Cambridge IGCSE® Combined Science provides full coverage of all core and extended topics in the new syllabus in one book. Carefully developed features including Science in Context, questions, Science Links and more allowing students to build firm scientific knowledge, develop practical skills and approach exams with confidence.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.