This book is about how to implement creative competition within an organization. It examines the conditions under which internal competition can promote knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing. The book describes a number of studies of sales departments in Japanese firms. Sales departments in Japanese firms were studied because internal competition is getting fiercer in these departments following the recent introduction of performance-based compensation. Exploratory case studies of ORIX Corporation and Japan Computer were conducted in order to generate research hypotheses. To gather quantitative data and test the hypotheses drawn from the case studies, a questionnaire survey of sales departments of Japanese firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange was carried out. The findings reported in the book shed new light not only on internal competition theory, but also provide new insights into the theories on knowledge creation and intra-organizational conflict.
This book is to provide insights into the process of individual unlearning, which is little known in previous studies. This is the first book that described how employees should unlearn, i.e., abandon obsolete and outdated beliefs or routines to acquire new ones, at workplace. Updating old knowledge and skills to new one is crucial not only for organizations but also for individuals to survive in today’s competitive and turbulent environment. It provides readers with mechanisms by which personal factors, such as goal orientation, reflection, and critical reflection, and promotes employees’ unlearning under the influence of situational factors such as supervisors’ behaviors and promotion of the positions. Based on the findings by quantitative and qualitative analyses using questionnaire survey and interviews, this book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in higher-order learning process for self-change at work in the fields of organizational behavior and human resources development.
This book has a dual purpose. The first is to present in a new English translation 255 representative hokku (or haiku) poems of Matsuo Basho (1644-94), the Japanese poet who is generally considered the most influential figure in the history of the genre. The second is to make available in English a wide spectrum of Japanese critical commentary on the poems over the last three hundred years.
This book sketches the life and poetry of Kobayishi Issa, a major Japanese haiku poet, and tries to identify the sources of his bold individualism and all-embracing humanism in terms of his long and checkered carrier.
Approximately four million years of human history has passed. We have been using materials to make a variety of tools. The first materials used were naturally occurring materials such as animal bones, stones, wood etc.; and some of these familiar materials are porous. Porous materials are so familiar that they are sometimes forgotten or ignored. The taste experience of ice cream is created not only by adjusting ingre dients, but also by including air as an ingredient, i.e. pores that give the smooth texture of ice cream. This book is designed to describe and explain about pores, the synthesis of materials with pores (porous materials), and applications of porous materi als. This book is intended for engineers and scientists of different disciplines and specialities, and is expected to be useful in the design and synthesis of porous materials for existing as well as potential new applications. Let us rediscover pores. K. Ishizaki, S. Komameni and M. Nanko January 1998 1 Introduction 1.1 WHAT ARE POROUS MATERIALS? Porous materials are dermed as solids containing pores. Figure 1.1 shows different porous materials. Generally speaking, porous materials have a porosity of 0.2-0.95. The porosity means the fraction of pore volume to the total volume. Porous materials have been used in various applications from daily necessities, such as purifying drinking water by activated carbon or porous ceramics, to uses in modern industries, for example removing dusts from high purity process gases for semiconductor production.
Originally developed for mechanical and aeronautical engineering, structural optimization is not so easily applied to civil and architectural engineering, as structures in these fields are not mass products, but more often unique structures planned in accordance with specific design requirements. The shape and geometry of such structures are determ
The chemistry and catalysis of solid heteropoly compounds are described. Heteropoly compounds are heteropolyanions and their derivatives that maintain the polyanion structure (metal oxide clusters), and catalysts of which the compounds are the essential components are called heteropoly catalyst. Heteropoly compounds are called polyoxometalates as well. First, the structure and chemical properties of heteropoly compounds are summarized, emphasizing the acidic and redox properties. The polyanion structure can be preserved in the solid state, if appropriate cautions are paid, and the acid and redox properties can be controlled in a wide range by choosing the polyanion structure and constituent elements. These are the remarkable advantages of the heteropoly catalysts. Then the catalysis and catalyst design of the heteropoly compounds are described in detail. There are actually several industrial processes using heteropoly catalysts as solid acids and oxidation catalysts. It is important to recognize the presence of hierarchical structures (primary, secondary, and tertiary structures) and three major types of catalysis (surface-type and two bulk-type catalyses). Due to this, catalyst design becomes more realistic and unique properties like shape-selective catalysis develop. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of protons and organic molecules can be elucidated by spectroscopic techniques.
Air pollution, especially ozone, in East and Southeast Asia is considered to be more serious than in Europe and North America. An increase in ozone concentration may lead to adverse effects on forest trees in East and Southeast Asia where we have high species richness. Although some information on the effects of ozone on plantation tree species in East Asia is available, the situation of most countries in Southeast Asia is not clarified. In Japan, advanced methodologies such as the stomatal flux-based approach, use of a free-air ozone fumigation system and stand level studies have started recently. To maintain ecosystem services of forests such as carbon sink and conservation of biodiversity, there is a need to develop our understanding of the effect of ozone on vegetation in East and Southeast Asia. To this end, international cooperative research is important.
The importance of the developmental approach for experimental and clinical cardiology is indisputable. Clinical-epidemiological studies have clearly shown that the risk factors of serious cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, are already present during the early phases of ontogenetic development. Furthermore, congenital cardiovascular malformations remain the single largest cause of infant mortality from congenital defects in industrial countries. It is therefore not surprising that the interest of theoretical and clinical cardiologists in the developmental approach keeps increasing. Advances in molecular biology accelerated this trend substantially. This book is based on contributions presented at the international symposium The Developing Heart in Prague in May 2000. It is our contention that the biological, electrophysiological, morphological, functional, biochemical and functional approaches employed by distinguished scientists worldwide will provide the reader with a global picture for changes characterizing the developing heart. It should stimulate the curiosity of cardiovascular scientists in gaining insight into the mechanisms of normal and pathological development.
Plant diseases are a serious threat to food production. This unique volume provides the fundamental knowledge and practical use of B.subtilis as a promising biocontrol agent. In order to replace chemical pesticides, one possibility is microbial pesticides using safe microbes. Bacillus subtilis is one of several candidates. Screening of the bacterium, the application of plant tests, clarification of its suppressive mechanism to plant pathogens and engineering aspects of suppressive peptides production are presented here. The author illustrates how B. subtilis is far more advantageous than, for example, Pseudomonas in biocontrol and can be considered as an useful candidate. Features: Bacterium B. subtilis suppresses many plant pathogens and is a biocontrol agent to replace chemical pesticides The book presents the bacterium's suppressive mechanism to plant pathogens, and engineering aspects of suppressive peptides production Biological control of plant disease plays an important role in sustainable agricultural production practices and is expected to replace agricultural chemicals
The papers in this volume were contributed by close friends, co-workers and pupils of Professor Setsuro Ebashi. They are dedicated to him to commemorate his great and pioneering contribution to the advancement of muscle physiology and biochemistry, which, in time, exerted a great influence on the whole field of life science. We believe that this issue reveals the present state of research on muscle and/or calcium that was opened up by Professor Ebashi.
An unknown person has figured out a way to reanimate a mamodo that was frozen in a stone tablet 1,000 years ago; and Kiyo and Zatch Bell become outnumbered. Presented in graphic novel format.
Fourteen-year-old Kiyo, an arrogant genius who is teased mercilessly at school, is given a strange boy, Zatch Bell, for his birthday to help him make friends, but Zatch turns out to have strange powers that change Kiyo's life forever.
This book is to provide insights into the process of individual unlearning, which is little known in previous studies. This is the first book that described how employees should unlearn, i.e., abandon obsolete and outdated beliefs or routines to acquire new ones, at workplace. Updating old knowledge and skills to new one is crucial not only for organizations but also for individuals to survive in today’s competitive and turbulent environment. It provides readers with mechanisms by which personal factors, such as goal orientation, reflection, and critical reflection, and promotes employees’ unlearning under the influence of situational factors such as supervisors’ behaviors and promotion of the positions. Based on the findings by quantitative and qualitative analyses using questionnaire survey and interviews, this book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in higher-order learning process for self-change at work in the fields of organizational behavior and human resources development.
This book has a dual purpose. The first is to present in a new English translation 255 representative hokku (or haiku) poems of Matsuo Basho (1644-94), the Japanese poet who is generally considered the most influential figure in the history of the genre. The second is to make available in English a wide spectrum of Japanese critical commentary on the poems over the last three hundred years.
This book is about how to implement creative competition within an organization. It examines the conditions under which internal competition can promote knowledge acquisition and knowledge sharing. The book describes a number of studies of sales departments in Japanese firms. Sales departments in Japanese firms were studied because internal competition is getting fiercer in these departments following the recent introduction of performance-based compensation. Exploratory case studies of ORIX Corporation and Japan Computer were conducted in order to generate research hypotheses. To gather quantitative data and test the hypotheses drawn from the case studies, a questionnaire survey of sales departments of Japanese firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange was carried out. The findings reported in the book shed new light not only on internal competition theory, but also provide new insights into the theories on knowledge creation and intra-organizational conflict.
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