In order to utilize digital images effectively, specific techniques are needed to reduce the number of bits required for their representation. This Tutorial Text provides the groundwork for understanding these image compression tecniques and presents a number of different schemes that have proven useful. The algorithms discussed in this book are concerned mainly with the compression of still-frame, continuous-tone, monochrome and color images, but some of the techniques, such as arithmetic coding, have found widespread use in the compression of bilevel images. Both lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy techniques are considered. A detailed description of the compression algorithm proposed as the world standard (the JPEG baseline algorithm) is provided. The book contains approximately 30 pages of reconstructed and error images illustrating the effect of each compression technique on a consistent image set, thus allowing for a direct comparison of bit rates and reconstucted image quality. For each algorithm, issues such as quality vs. bit rate, implementation complexity, and susceptibility to channel errors are considered.
In order to utilize digital images effectively, specific techniques are needed to reduce the number of bits required for their representation. This Tutorial Text provides the groundwork for understanding these image compression tecniques and presents a number of different schemes that have proven useful. The algorithms discussed in this book are concerned mainly with the compression of still-frame, continuous-tone, monochrome and color images, but some of the techniques, such as arithmetic coding, have found widespread use in the compression of bilevel images. Both lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy techniques are considered. A detailed description of the compression algorithm proposed as the world standard (the JPEG baseline algorithm) is provided. The book contains approximately 30 pages of reconstructed and error images illustrating the effect of each compression technique on a consistent image set, thus allowing for a direct comparison of bit rates and reconstucted image quality. For each algorithm, issues such as quality vs. bit rate, implementation complexity, and susceptibility to channel errors are considered.
This book critically examines how US foreign policy has produced a regional regime of instability and insecurity in South Asia and the Middle East. It focuses on three interconnected zones of conflict—Afghanistan and Pakistan in South Asia, Iran and the Persian Gulf states, and Iraq and its neighbours. In a comprehensive historical survey, this work compares the governing behaviour of these states with that of the West, where the American foreign policy establishment has, in contrast, pushed for investing in collective security. The author studies various events throughout history such as the Taliban regime; the US-led war in Afghanistan; the Obama administration and Pakistan; the first and second Gulf wars; the Arab Spring, and the rise of ISIS to present a theoretical analysis of Washington’s consistent pursuit of multibalancing and regime change wars in the region. An important critical assessment of Western foreign policies, this book will be indispensable for students and researchers of US foreign policy, defense and security studies, strategic affairs, politics and international relations, political economy, nation-state building, identity studies, globalization studies, Middle East studies, and South Asian studies.
Bioengineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment is written for an audience of senior undergraduate students and graduate students in mechanical, electrical and biomedical engineering fields and other professionals in medicine. It is ideally structured for teaching and for those who are working in cancer bioengineering or interdisciplinary projects. The book's authors bring a unique perspective from their expertise in immunology, nanobiomaterials and heat transfer. Topical coverage includes an introduction to the fundamentals of bioengineering and engineering approaches for cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment via case studies, and sections on imaging, immunotherapy, cell therapy, drug delivery, ultrasound and microfluidics in cancer treatment. Provides fully supported case studies relating to cancer diagnosis and therapy Pairs the basic fundamentals of engineering and biomedical engineering and applies them to the diagnosis of cancer
Proprotein convertases (PCs) are a family of proteases including PC1, PC2, Furin, PC4, PACE4, PC5, and PC7. These enzymes are involved in the maturation of many precursor proteins involved in the process of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Since their discovery, PCs were suggested as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy, and their activity was found to directly affect tumor cell proliferation, migration invasion, and the malignant phenotypes of tumor cells. Here, we discuss a number of previous and recent findings on the PCs features, their implication in the regulation of multiple cellular functions that impact on the invasive/metastatic potential of cancer cells, and their clinical relevance in cancer patients. Among the substrates of the proprotein convertases, various growth factors, their receptors, adhesion molecules, and proteases were identified. The PCs are inhibited by endogenous and exogenous inhibitors. To date, only pro7B2, a specific chaperone of PC2, and the granine-like precursor of neuroendocrine protein proSAAS, a selective ligand of PC1, have been identified as endogenous inhibitors of the PCs found in the regulated pathway. However, only PCs prosegments, several bioengineered inhibitors, peptides, and non-peptide compounds were found to inhibit the activity of the PCs found in the secretory pathway.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.