After simmering in the background through the nineties, Iraq burst into the awareness of many when it became a battleground against the war on terror under the Bush administration. Few realize that in the midst of the fierce policy battles, one partially implemented state-building exercise took root, and Iraq became the first country in the Middle East, democracy or otherwise, to have a constitutionally mandated independent judicial branch. In The Judiciary in Iraq, Madhatal-Mahmood, chief justice of Iraq, examines the many elements contributing to the creation of the first independent judicial branch in the Middle East in 2003, tracing the roots of the Iraqi judicial system from Islamic and Ottoman origins through to the fortuitous opportunity created by the US state-building machinery that so often misfired. Providing guidance for support to the justice sector in Iraq and to new democracies in the region, Chief Justice al-Mahmood draws on his decades of work in both academic and government sector positions to discuss why Iraqi courts were positioned for independence in 2003 and on how the new branch has expanded access to services in spite of challenges. This study examines the evolution of the judiciary and courts in Iraq, starting from pre-Islamic developments, and then moving through the impact of Ottoman and British rule before considering the role of the judiciary and courts in a modern, stable, and democratic state in the Middle East following US interventions.
One More Voice adds the scholarly views of Dr. Cynthia Keppley Mahmood to the chorus of protest for civil and human rights in South Asia today. Looking at the Sikhs of the Punjab, the Muslims of Kashmir, “terrorism” in Mumbai, and the dangers of research in Bihar, Professor Mahmood includes her writings and speeches 2000-2010 in this second XLibris volume. (A Sea of Orange dealt with 1990-2000.) Readers both specialist and general will fi nd these pieces both informative and inspirational, as Mahmood turns her attention to activism in South Asia and the potential for change.
From the author of Good Muslim, Bad Muslim comes an important book, unlike any other, that looks at the crisis in Darfur within the context of the history of Sudan and examines the world’s response to that crisis. In Saviors and Survivors, Mahmood Mamdani explains how the conflict in Darfur began as a civil war (1987—89) between nomadic and peasant tribes over fertile land in the south, triggered by a severe drought that had expanded the Sahara Desert by more than sixty miles in forty years; how British colonial officials had artificially tribalized Darfur, dividing its population into “native” and “settler” tribes and creating homelands for the former at the expense of the latter; how the war intensified in the 1990s when the Sudanese government tried unsuccessfully to address the problem by creating homelands for tribes without any. The involvement of opposition parties gave rise in 2003 to two rebel movements, leading to a brutal insurgency and a horrific counterinsurgency–but not to genocide, as the West has declared. Mamdani also explains how the Cold War exacerbated the twenty-year civil war in neighboring Chad, creating a confrontation between Libya’s Muammar al-Qaddafi (with Soviet support) and the Reagan administration (allied with France and Israel) that spilled over into Darfur and militarized the fighting. By 2003, the war involved national, regional, and global forces, including the powerful Western lobby, who now saw it as part of the War on Terror and called for a military invasion dressed up as “humanitarian intervention.” Incisive and authoritative, Saviors and Survivors will radically alter our understanding of the crisis in Darfur.
In Egypt Islamists clash with secularists over religious and national identity, while in Turkey secularist ruling elites have chosen to accommodate Islamists in the name of democracy and reconciliation. As Islam spreads throughout the world, Muslims living in their traditional homelands and in the Western world are grappling with shifting identities. In all cases, understanding the dynamics of identity-based politics is critical to the future of Muslims and their neighbors across the globe. In Muslims in Global Politics, Mahmood Monshipouri examines the role identity plays in political conflicts in six Muslim nations—Egypt, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Iran, and Indonesia—as well as in Muslim diaspora communities in Europe and North America. In each instance, he describes how conservatives, neofundamentalists, reformists, and secularists construct identity in different ways and how these identities play out in the political arena. With globalization, the demand for human rights continues to grow in the Muslim world, and struggles over modernity, authenticity, legitimacy, and rationality become increasingly important. Muslims in Global Politics deepens our understanding of how modern ideas and norms interact with the traditions of the Islamic world and, in turn, shows how human rights advocates can provide an alternative to militant Islamist movements.
Circulation networks -- Circulatory texts -- Architecture of encounters -- The Code -- The commentary -- The autocommentary -- The supercommentar -- The translations.
As Egypt retreats from its newly elected government and Syria moves from one crisis to another, this book’s reflection on the Arab Spring could not be more timely. Monshipouri’s account of the role of emotion, solidarity, and online activism is informed by several trips to the region that continue to this day. The uprisings were fueled by a demographic surge of young people unable to find employment and frustrated by the lack of freedom, and now the elected regime has been ousted for failing to address these continuing circumstances. While modern technologies and social media may have brought new politics to the streets, organization on the ground trumps the enthusiasm of young protesters when it comes to shaping a country’s political future. How to turn elections into democracy in these post-conflict societies continues to be a daunting task, especially in countries with a longstanding history of military involvement in politics now experiencing a resurgence. This book addresses all of these subjects in an engaging and accessible narrative. Key features of the text:
This project shows some selected signal techniques, including image and audio processing, using the Matlab digital signal processing and image processing toolboxes. The project is divided to 3 parts. Part I includes design and implementation of different types of filters for filtering signal that has different sinusoidal frequency components or noise. The comparison was made between FIR low pass flter, butterworth filter, Chebycheve Type I low pass filter and Chebycheve Type II low pass filter. Then different types of IIR Butterworth filters were designed and implemented to filter a signal that has many harmonics components, including low pass filter, high pass filter, stop band filter and band pass filter. Part II examined audio filtering in the sense of specific frequency suppression and extraction. There are many different types of filters available for the construction of filters. We will specifically use the Butterworth filter. An audio signal was read and different types of filters, including low pass filter, high pass filter, stop band filter and band pass filter, were designed and implemented in order to filter the audio signal from some frequency bands. Then the discrete cosine transform compression examined on the audio signal at different compression rates: 50%, 75%, 87.5% Part III deals with image processing; the project shows examples in smoothing, sharpening, and edge detection. Other useful operations on the image were tested, including image cropping, image resizing, image, histogram equalization and altering image brightness
In this brilliant look at the rise of political Islam, the distinguished political scientist and anthropologist Mahmood Mamdani brings his expertise and insight to bear on a question many Americans have been asking since 9/11: how did this happen? Good Muslim, Bad Muslim is a provocative and important book that will profoundly change our understanding both of Islamist politics and the way America is perceived in the world today.
When the Somali crisis broke out in the 1990s and the Somali central government collapsed, the United Nations made several attempts to mediate the conflicting parties. The crisis reached its highest climax, leading to the successful US-led Operation Restore Hope. Unfortunately, when the leadership of the operation was transferred to the United Nations, the UN-led intervention failed miserably leading to further unrest and destabilization. The Root Causes of the United Nations Failure in Somalia, examines the events of the Somali crisis and dissects the reasons behind the failure. Author Mahmood focuses on three crucial factors that led to this turn of events often overlooked by many other scholarly studies. One, the UN representatives lacked the knowledge and understanding of the Somali clan system and peacemaking leadership in the Somali society. Two, neighboring countries, especially Ethiopia and Kenya, fueled and manipulated Somalis internal animosities. Three, international aid agencies had multiple layers of interests in the region and some of them had veiled interests in the continuation of the Somali crisis. Mahmood definitively shows that the United Nations had numerous golden opportunities to stabilize Somalia and reestablish governmental structures, yet still failed. The Root Causes of the United Nations Failure in Somalia provides a much-needed contribution to the scholarship of this critical subject.
The ethnic and religious violence that characterized the late twentieth century calls for new ways of thinking and writing about politics. Listening to the voices of people who experience political violence—either as victims or as perpetrators—gives new insights into both the sources of violent conflict and the potential for its resolution. Drawing on her extensive interviews and conversations with Sikh militants, Cynthia Keppley Mahmood presents their accounts of the human rights abuses inflicted on them by the state of India as well as their explanations of the philosophical tradition of martyrdom and meaningful death in the Sikh faith. While demonstrating how divergent the world views of participants in a conflict can be, Fighting for Faith and Nation gives reason to hope that our essential common humanity may provide grounds for a pragmatic resolution of conflicts such as the one in Punjab which has claimed tens of thousands of lives in the past fifteen years.
Black phosphorus (BP)-based two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are used as components in practical industrial applications in biomedicine, electronics, and photonics. There is a need to controllably shape engineered scalable structures of 2D BP building blocks, and their assembly/organization is desired for the formation of three-dimensional (3D) forms such as macro and hybrid architectures, as it is expected that these architectures will deliver even better materials performance in applications. Semiconducting Black Phosphorus: From 2D Nanomaterial to Emerging 3D Architecture provides an overview of the various synthetic strategies for 2D BP single-layer nanomaterials, their scalable synthesis, properties, and assemblies into 3D architecture. The book ď‚· covers defect engineering and physical properties of black phosphorous; ď‚· describes different strategies for the development of 2D nanostructures of BP with other species such as polymers, organic molecules, and other inorganic materials; ď‚· offers a comparative study of 3D BP structures with other 3D architectures such as dichalcogenides (TMDs, graphene, and boron nitride); and ď‚· discusses in detail applications of 3D macrostructures of BP in various fields such as energy, biomedical, and catalysis. This is an essential reference for researchers and advanced students in materials science and chemical, optoelectronic, and electrical engineering.
This is an English rendering of a speech delivered by Hazrat Mirza Bashir-ud-Deen Mahmood Ahmad, Khalifatul Masih II(ra) during the Annual Conference of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community on December 28, 1916 and reprinted in Urdu as Dhikri-Ilahi by the Fazl-e-Umar Foundation (Rabwah, December 1982). Dhikri-Ilahi shows a true understanding of the relationship between Allah, the Creator, and human beings in their search of Him. It is replete with points of wisdom on how that relationship can be nurtured through Dhikri-Ilahi — Remembrance of Allah. It is a treasure that will benefit all those who use it to inculcate a living relationship with their Creator.
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is referred to as an efficient and inevitable convergence of the Internet of Things, intelligent transportation systems, edge / fog and cloud computing, and big data, all of which could be intelligently harvested for the cooperative vehicular safety and non-safety applications as well as cooperative mobility management. A secure and low-latency communication is, therefore, indispensable to meet the stringent performance requirements of the safety-critical vehicular applications. Whilst the challenges surrounding low latency are being addressed by the researchers in both academia and industry, it is the security of an IoV network which is of paramount importance, as a single malicious message is perfectly capable enough of jeopardizing the entire networking infrastructure and can prove fatal for the vehicular passengers and the vulnerable pedestrians. This book thus investigates the promising notion of trust in a bid to strengthen the resilience of the IoV networks. It not only introduces trust categorically in the context of an IoV network, i.e., in terms of its fundamentals and salient characteristics, but further envisages state-of-the-art trust models and intelligent trust threshold mechanisms for segregating both malicious and non-malicious vehicles. Furthermore, open research challenges and recommendations for addressing the same are discussed in the same too.
Saviours and Survivors is the first account of the Darfur crisis to consider recent events within the broad context of Sudan's history, and to examine the efficacy of the world's response to the ongoing violence. Illuminating the deeply rooted causes of the current conflict, Mamdani works from its colonial and Cold War origins to the war's intensification from the 1990s to the present day. Examining how the conflict has drawn in national, regional, and global forces, Mamdani deconstructs the powerful Western lobby's persistent calls for a military response dressed up as "humanitarian intervention". Incisive and authoritative, Saviours and Survivors will radically alter our understanding of the crisis in Darfur.
Gynecologic and obstetric surgery is a craft that requires sound knowledge and skills. The specifics of each individual case must be understood to enable the best surgical management approach and to minimize complications. This resource book offers insightful management options to many of the challenges a gynecologic or obstetric surgeon may face before, during and after an operation. Divided into two sections, the book first covers general preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative challenges and, second, specific surgical procedures. It provides advice on both general gynecologic and obstetric operations, as well as subspecialist areas such as reproductive surgery, urogynecology and gynecologic oncology. The chapters are concise, beginning with illustrative case histories followed by background, management options, and any preventative approaches. Designed to guide the surgeon to safe practice throughout all stages, they offer practical and step-by-step help.
There are many stories of journeys made to the United States in search of the American Dream. This is one in particular. The story of one man's life. As a fourteen-year-old boy from Iran. He had a vision for his life as well as the determination it took to achieve it. Coming from a poor origin. With no real family or direction, the decision was to pursue a chance, though many mistakes were made. Marriages, broken families lost and divided, the idea that God was always there with him was never doubted. As a young man with heroes like Elvis Presley and Tom Seaver, he found the encouragement that he many times needed, to keep going through all the good and the bad decisions. This self-taught dreamer finally found what he had been looking for.
This second (US) edition of Religion, Politics and Good Governance expands on the first edition and explores further the authors varied experience in the field of public administration, as a senior police officer, trainer and researcher, bureaucrat, UN expert and a diplomat. The manner in which he deals with a whole range of burning issues, specifically religion, politics, good governance and criminal justice administration, is truly remarkable in its breadth of subjects addressed. This edition has eleven new essays that extend the scope of the authors deliberations captured in the first edition. Given the international relevance of the topics he covers, there would likely be wide interest in the US in such a book, especially in view of Indias emergence as a growing global power.
Power system protection systems have three basic components: Instrument transformers, Relays, Circuit breakers The function of the CT is to reproduce in its secondary winding a current I' that is proportional to the primary current I. The CT converts primary currents in the kiloamp range to secondary currents in the 0–5 ampere range for convenience of measurement. The function of the relay is to discriminate between normal operation and fault conditions. The OC relay in Figure 2 has an operating coil, which is connected to the CT secondary winding, and a set of contacts. When |I'| exceeds a specified ''pickup'' value, the operating coil causes the normally open contacts to close. When the relay contacts close, the trip coil of the circuit breaker is energized, which then causes the circuit breaker to open. System-protection components have the following design criteria: • Reliability: Operate dependably when fault conditions occur, even after remaining idle for months or years. Failure to do so may result in costly damages. • Selectivity: Avoid unnecessary, false trips. • Speed: Operate rapidly to minimize fault duration and equipment damage. Any intentional time delays should be precise. • Economy: Provide maximum protection at minimum cost. • Simplicity: Minimize protection equipment and circuitry. Since it is impossible to satisfy all these criteria simultaneously, compromises must be made in system protection. The book consists from the following sections: 1. Chapter 1: Power System Faults: 2. Chapter 2: Instrument Transformers. 3. Chapter 3: Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection Relays. 4. Chapter 4: Radial System Protection. 5. Chapter 5: Zones of Protection. 6. Chapter 6: Differential Relays. 7. Chapter 7: Distance Relays. 8. Chapter 8: Transformer Protection. 9. Chapter 9: Generator Protection. 10. Chapter 10: Busbar Protection. 11. Chapter 11: Circuit Breakers. 12. Chapter 12: Fuses. 13. Chapter 13: References.
Closely mirroring the daily sign-out process, Atlas of Pulmonary Pathology: A Pattern Based Approach is a highly illustrated, efficient guide to accurate diagnosis. This practical reference uses a proven, pattern-based approach to clearly explain how to interpret challenging cases by highlighting red flags in the clinical chart and locating hidden clues in the slides. Useful as a daily “scope-side guide,” it features numerous clinical and educational features that help you find pertinent information, reach a correct diagnosis, and assemble a thorough and streamlined pathology report. More than 1,500 high-quality photomicrographs capture the subtle morphologic spectrum of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung biopsies. Each image is captioned with key diagnostic considerations and includes call-outs showing subtle features and diagnostic clues. Practical tools throughout the text include: Tables that emphasize salient clinicopathologic features, management implications, and therapeutic options Discussions of how and when to incorporate molecular tools Checklists for key elements of the diagnostic approach and sample notes for inclusion in pathology reports Relevant endoscopic images, photographs of select gross specimens, and medical figures Brief reviews of normal histology that provide contrast to succeeding patterns “Pearls and Pitfalls” and “Near Misses” sections with lessons from real life sign-out experience “Frequently Asked Questions” sections that discuss common diagnostic dilemmas “Sample Note” sections that offer a template of how to sign out cases from the simple to the complex Comprehensive quiz provides experience with high-yield, board-style teaching topics
In analyzing the obstacles to democratization in post- independence Africa, Mahmood Mamdani offers a bold, insightful account of colonialism's legacy--a bifurcated power that mediated racial domination through tribally organized local authorities, reproducing racial identity in citizens and ethnic identity in subjects. Many writers have understood colonial rule as either "direct" (French) or "indirect" (British), with a third variant--apartheid--as exceptional. This benign terminology, Mamdani shows, masks the fact that these were actually variants of a despotism. While direct rule denied rights to subjects on racial grounds, indirect rule incorporated them into a "customary" mode of rule, with state-appointed Native Authorities defining custom. By tapping authoritarian possibilities in culture, and by giving culture an authoritarian bent, indirect rule (decentralized despotism) set the pace for Africa; the French followed suit by changing from direct to indirect administration, while apartheid emerged relatively later. Apartheid, Mamdani shows, was actually the generic form of the colonial state in Africa. Through case studies of rural (Uganda) and urban (South Africa) resistance movements, we learn how these institutional features fragment resistance and how states tend to play off reform in one sector against repression in the other. The result is a groundbreaking reassessment of colonial rule in Africa and its enduring aftereffects. Reforming a power that institutionally enforces tension between town and country, and between ethnicities, is the key challenge for anyone interested in democratic reform in Africa.
An analysis of Islamist cultural politics through the ethnography of a thriving, grassroots women's piety movement in the mosques of Cairo, Egypt. Unlike those organized Islamist activities that seek to seize or transform the state, this is a moral reform movement whose orthodox practices are commonly viewed as inconsequential to Egypt's political landscape. The author's exposition of these practices challenges this assumption by showing how the ethical and the political are linked within the context of such movements.
Processing Technology for Bio-Based Polymers: Advanced Strategies and Practical Aspects brings together the latest advances and novel technologies surrounding the synthesis and manufacture of biopolymers, ranging from bio-based polymers to synthetic polymers from bio-derived monomers. Sections examine bio-based polymer chemistry, discuss polymerization process and emerging design technologies, cover manufacturing and processing approaches, explain cutting-edge approaches and innovative applications, and focus on biomedicals and other key application areas. Final chapters provide detailed discussion and an analysis of economic and environmental concerns, practical considerations, challenges, opportunities and future trends. This is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and advanced students in polymer science, bio-based materials, nanomaterials, plastics engineering, biomaterials, chemistry, biotechnology, and materials science and engineering, as well as R&D professionals, engineers and industrialists interested in the development of biopolymers for advanced products and applications. - Focuses on the processing of bio-based polymers, covering both traditional methods and innovative new approaches - Offers novel opportunities and ideas for developing or improving technologies for biopolymer research, preparation and application - Examines other key considerations, including reliability and end product, economic concerns, and environmental and lifecycle aspects
Prospect Top 50 Thinker of 2021 British Academy Book Prize Finalist PROSE Award Finalist “Provocative, elegantly written.” —Fara Dabhoiwala, New York Review of Books “Demonstrates how a broad rethinking of political issues becomes possible when Western ideals and practices are examined from the vantage point of Asia and Africa.” —Pankaj Mishra, New York Review of Books In case after case around the globe—from Israel to Sudan—the colonial state and the nation-state have been constructed through the politicization of a religious or ethnic majority at the expense of an equally manufactured minority. The model emerged in America, where genocide and internment on reservations created a permanent native minority. In Europe, this template would be used both by the Nazis and the Allies. Neither Settler nor Native offers a vision for arresting this process. Mahmood Mamdani points to inherent limitations in the legal solution attempted at Nuremberg. Political violence demands political solutions: not criminal justice but a rethinking of the political community to include victims and perpetrators, bystanders and beneficiaries. Making the radical argument that the nation-state was born of colonialism, he calls on us to delink the nation from the state so as to ensure equal political rights for all who live within its boundaries. “A deeply learned account of the origins of our modern world...Mamdani rejects the current focus on human rights as the means to bring justice to the victims of this colonial and postcolonial bloodshed. Instead, he calls for a new kind of political imagination...Joining the ranks of Hannah Arendt’s Imperialism, Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth, and Edward Said’s Orientalism, this book is destined to become a classic text of postcolonial studies and political theory.” —Moustafa Bayoumi, author of How Does It Feel to Be a Problem? “A masterwork of historical comparison and razor-sharp political analysis, with grave lessons about the pitfalls of forgetting, moralizing, or criminalizing this violence. Mamdani also offers a hopeful rejoinder in a revived politics of decolonization.” —Karuna Mantena, Columbia University “A powerfully original argument, one that supplements political analysis with a map for our political future.” —Faisal Devji, University of Oxford
As retail businesses migrate to the digital realm, internal information theft incidents continue to threaten on-line and off-line retail operations. The evolving propagation of internal information theft has surpassed the traditional techniques of crime prevention practices. Many business organizations search for internal information theft prevention guides that fit into their retail business operation, only to be inundated with generic and theoretical models. This book examines applicable methods for retail businesses to effectively prevent internal information theft. Information Theft Prevention offers readers a comprehensive understanding of the current status of the retail sector information theft prevention models in relation to the internationally recognized benchmark of information security. It presents simple and effective management processes for ensuring better information system security, fostering a proactive approach to internal information theft prevention. Furthermore, it builds on well-defined retail business cases to identify applicable solutions for businesses today. Integrating the retail business operations and information system security practices, the book identifies ways to coordinate efforts across a business in order to achieve the best results. IT security managers and professionals, financial frauds consultants, cyber security professionals and crime prevention professionals will find this book a valuable resource for identifying and creating tools to prevent internal information theft.
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