There has been phenomenal uptake of wireless and mobile networking technologies in the past decades. Significant developments have taken place during this time making the wireless technology more affordable, effective, and reliable. This book explains the fundamental principles and protocols of key existing and emerging wireless networking technologies. The book begins with a review of the fundamentals of wireless communications. It covers the basic theories and terminologies of coding and modulation, which maps digital information to the underlying signal, as well as the models to capture the dynamics of wireless signal propagation in the environment. It provides in-depth coverage of the WiFi evolution covering both the mainstream WiFi, which operates in 2.4/5GHz with new versions targeting 6GHz, as well as some of the niche WiFi standards that operate outside the mainstream bands such as 802.11af in 700MHz TV bands, 802.11ah in 900MHz to connect the Internet of Things (IoT), and 802.11ad/ay in 60GHz to support multi-gigabit applications. The book covers the fundamental concepts of cellular networks, examines the advancements brought forth by each generation, and discusses new applications and the underpinning wireless technologies promised by 5G. It also covers a recently developed long-range low-power wireless networking technology called LoRa, which is the fastest growing technology to connect millions of IoT sensors and devices throughout the world. The concluding chapters examine emerging wireless paradigms such as Artificial Intelligence for wireless networking, sensing with wireless signals, and mobile networking with flying base stations carried by drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). With many worked-out examples, illustrative figures, and multiple choice questions, this book is an ideal for students and a valuable reference for anyone working in this rapidly evolving field.
From the basics to the most advanced quality of service (QoS) concepts, this all encompassing, first-of-its-kind book offers an in-depth understanding of the latest technical issues raised by the emergence of new types, classes and qualities of Internet services. . This books provides sufficient depth for major QoS concepts and architectures. The book provides end-to-end QoS guidance for real time multimedia communications over the Internet. It offers you a multiplicity of hands-on examples and simulation script support, and shows you where and when it is preferable to use these techniques for QoS support in networks and Internet traffic with widely varying characteristics and demand profiles.
There has been phenomenal uptake of wireless and mobile networking technologies in the past decades. Significant developments have taken place during this time making the wireless technology more affordable, effective, and reliable. This book explains the fundamental principles and protocols of key existing and emerging wireless networking technologies. The book begins with a review of the fundamentals of wireless communications. It covers the basic theories and terminologies of coding and modulation, which maps digital information to the underlying signal, as well as the models to capture the dynamics of wireless signal propagation in the environment. It provides in-depth coverage of the WiFi evolution covering both the mainstream WiFi, which operates in 2.4/5GHz with new versions targeting 6GHz, as well as some of the niche WiFi standards that operate outside the mainstream bands such as 802.11af in 700MHz TV bands, 802.11ah in 900MHz to connect the Internet of Things (IoT), and 802.11ad/ay in 60GHz to support multi-gigabit applications. The book covers the fundamental concepts of cellular networks, examines the advancements brought forth by each generation, and discusses new applications and the underpinning wireless technologies promised by 5G. It also covers a recently developed long-range low-power wireless networking technology called LoRa, which is the fastest growing technology to connect millions of IoT sensors and devices throughout the world. The concluding chapters examine emerging wireless paradigms such as Artificial Intelligence for wireless networking, sensing with wireless signals, and mobile networking with flying base stations carried by drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). With many worked-out examples, illustrative figures, and multiple choice questions, this book is an ideal for students and a valuable reference for anyone working in this rapidly evolving field.
This book presents a compendium of the urban layout maps of 2-mile square downtown areas of more than one hundred cities in developed and developing countries—all drawn at the same scale using high-resolution satellite images of Google Maps. The book also presents analytic studies using metric geometrical, topological (or network), and fractal measures of these maps. These analytic studies identify ordinaries, extremes, similarities, and differences in these maps; investigate the scaling properties of these maps; and develop precise descriptive categories, types and indicators for multidimensional comparative studies of these maps. The findings of these studies indicate that many geometric relations of the urban layouts of downtown areas follow regular patterns; that despite social, economic, and cultural differences among cities, the geometric measures of downtown areas in cities of developed and developing countries do not show significant differences; and that the geometric possibilities of urban layouts are vastly greater than those that have been realized so far in our cities.
Humanity was once scattered into small-sized, nomadic groups that barely knew each other. Each lived inside its bubble of myths and beliefs. The notion of one single community, related by a common origin and similar aspirations—the world—began to evolve along with the founding of early civilizations. It was an auspicious development that has changed not only the way we live but also how we think. We are the only species probing the mysteries of nature and life. Curiously, the story of how wandering Homo sapiens, who had lived off nature for hundreds of thousands of years, created civilization is less well-known compared to the awareness about biological evolution. If you have wondered what led to the establishment of advanced societies in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, Central America, and the Andean Highlands, this book is for you. Making of the World: Sapiens’ Journey from Wilderness to Civilization leads the reader through an absorbing narrative that canvasses the broad sweeps of human history. The book brings readers up to date on trusted research findings in archaeology, anthropology, and evolutionary psychology. In so doing, it dispels the fog of ideologically biased interpretations of history. Students planning to pursue higher education in humanities will find in the book a suitable introduction to a wide range of topics, including the origin of cities and governments, poetry, and philosophy.
A groundbreaking look at the complex relationship between the built environment and population health in small-town America. The links between urban settings and health issues are well established, but the built environments of smaller cities and towns also play a crucial role in population well-being. In this book, Mahbub Rashid—who employs innovative spatial and social network analysis techniques to examine the impact of built form and space on people's behavior, psychology, society, and culture—uses extensive spatial, demographic, and health data to study the crucial role of the built environment in small Kansas cities. The first book of its kind, Built Environment and Population Health in Small-Town America sheds light on the critical factors shaping the well-being of these communities and provides valuable insights for building healthier futures.
The Report presents an analysis of the diffusion and adoption of technology, particularly ICT in the region and its impact on overall economic growth, employment, poverty reduction, as well the provision of health and education services in the region. The report draws from several interesting case studies particularly from India and Bangladesh that illustrate how ICT is being used innovatively to improve the efficiency and transparency in the delivery of public services. The Report however reiterates that technology by itself does not result in wonders. It has to be accompanied with an educated and skilled population as well as basic infrastructure.
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