This book deals with the history of pre-Islamic Arab society and the emergence of Islam, as reflected in hadith, adab, historical, genealogical and exegetical literature. Among the themes discussed are the ethnic composition of the population of Mecca, the evolving relationship between the nascent state in Medina and Muslim religious ideas, as well as some aspects of early Muslim expansion. Other articles deal with Jahili tribal groups and their contribution to emerging Islam. An extensive article is devoted to Adam as a great herald and predecessor of Muhammad.
In this second collection of his articles, Professor Kister has continued his investigation into the social and religious history of Arabia. The papers are based essentially on a study of the traditions preserved in the early Arabic sources, many unpublished. As the author demonstrates, these sources represent an invaluable mine of information on the history and religious life of pre-Islamic Arabia and on the transformations that affected customs, law and beliefs after the coming of Islam. Particular articles also deal with such questions as the relations and confrontation between nascent Islam and Judaism and Christianity, the contacts between tribal society and sedentary population, and the emergence of new popular customs and beliefs. Dans ce second receuil d’articles, le professeur Kister, poursuit ses recherches sur l’histoire sociale et religieuse de l’Arabie. Les essais sont essentiellement basés sur une etude des traditions conservées par les premieres sources arabes, dont beaucoup n’ont jamais été publiées. Ainsi que l’auteur le démontre, ces sources représentent une mine d’information inestimable sur la vie religieuse et l’histoire de l’Arabie pré-islamique et sur les changements qui affectèrent coutumes,lois et croyances après l’avenement de l’Islam. Certains articles , traitent plus particulierement, de sujets, tels les rapports et les affrontements entre la force naissante de l’Islam et le Judaïsme et Christianisme pré-existants; ou encore des contacts entre société tribale et population sédentaire, ainsi que de l’emergence de nouvelles coutumes et croyances poulaires.
In what can only be described as a monumental scholarly achievement, these six volumes provide a sense of the historical, social, and religious; characteristics of the Middle East that is only barely hinted at by the modest general title: Israel Oriental Studies. Essays of exceptional importance -- ranging from the conversion of Egypt to Islam, Qumran and Iran, Military Society of the Mamluks, Medieval Interpretations of Dreams -- are herein included. These are not simply pedagogic exercises, but in their totality strongly indicate the integral and or-: ganic nature of the Middle East -- and its Arabic, Jewish, and Christian components.
In this second collection of his articles, Professor Kister has continued his investigation into the social and religious history of Arabia. The papers are based essentially on a study of the traditions preserved in the early Arabic sources, many unpublished. As the author demonstrates, these sources represent an invaluable mine of information on the history and religious life of pre-Islamic Arabia and on the transformations that affected customs, law and beliefs after the coming of Islam. Particular articles also deal with such questions as the relations and confrontation between nascent Islam and Judaism and Christianity, the contacts between tribal society and sedentary population, and the emergence of new popular customs and beliefs. Dans ce second receuil d’articles, le professeur Kister, poursuit ses recherches sur l’histoire sociale et religieuse de l’Arabie. Les essais sont essentiellement basés sur une etude des traditions conservées par les premieres sources arabes, dont beaucoup n’ont jamais été publiées. Ainsi que l’auteur le démontre, ces sources représentent une mine d’information inestimable sur la vie religieuse et l’histoire de l’Arabie pré-islamique et sur les changements qui affectèrent coutumes,lois et croyances après l’avenement de l’Islam. Certains articles , traitent plus particulierement, de sujets, tels les rapports et les affrontements entre la force naissante de l’Islam et le Judaïsme et Christianisme pré-existants; ou encore des contacts entre société tribale et population sédentaire, ainsi que de l’emergence de nouvelles coutumes et croyances poulaires.
This book deals with the history of pre-Islamic Arab society and the emergence of Islam, as reflected in hadith, adab, historical, genealogical and exegetical literature. Among the themes discussed are the ethnic composition of the population of Mecca, the evolving relationship between the nascent state in Medina and Muslim religious ideas, as well as some aspects of early Muslim expansion. Other articles deal with Jahili tribal groups and their contribution to emerging Islam. An extensive article is devoted to Adam as a great herald and predecessor of Muhammad.
661 tures, such as occurs in stellar atmospheres and in thermonuc1ear processes, will not be considered 1. Because photoelectric absorption predominates completely at low photon energies, and penetration theory is elementary under these conditions, attention is directed in this artic1e to photon energies above ""20 kev. On the high energy side, this artic1e does not cover the cascade shower processes which are dealt 2 with in cosmic ray studies • In this connection it is recalled that the cascade shower process, which involves electrons and positrons besides X rays, becomes predominant above 10 Mev in heavy elements, and above 100 Mev in light ones. Theories developed for the study of cascade showers in cosmic rays rely on assumptions about the prob ability of interactions with matter which are adequate only at energies of the order of 1 Gev or more. Below this energy there is a gap in which penetration phenomena are qualitatively known and understood but have not yet been calculated in detail. A few detailed experimental studies which have been made at energies up to 300 Mev will be reviewed in this article.
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