Shining a light on how Iraqi Kurds used the aftermath of the 1991 Kurdish uprising to hold elections and form a parliament, and on how Kurdish officials later consolidated their regional government following the 2003 Iraq War, this book considers the political and economic shortfalls of the government and the obstacles facing Iraqi Kurds.
For a better understanding of the Shar 'a, read Muhammad Ras lull h and the People of the Book: His benevolence, kindness, large-heartedness, and quest for peace. The Heavenly Scriptures drew the attention of Mankind that there was a period when man was not even mentioned. He was later created by a Supreme Power and Command after all his needs were made available in a perfect and complete form. Man was created and given intellect and the power to discriminate. This enabled him to be given laws and thus to be governed. If mankind obeys the command of his Lord, he will flourish and enjoy. If he disobeys the Lord, he will be punished. Mankind's intellect and ability to choose and refuse, repent and be upright, puts him under the Mercy and Forgiveness of his Lord within a fixed period. Whatever happens to man is his own responsibility, for he has been guided. The physical world is a proof and evidence, a sign from the Lord that man is not created to live in isolation with His Law. Above all, this book of knowledge is about understanding other cultures and achieving peace.
This book provides wide-ranging theoretical perspectives and rich ethnographic material to analyze the state-society-development nexus in Sudan. Overall, it provides a rare insight into the planning phases of the Kajbar Dam, in the home areas of the Mahas Nubian people. The book's chapters provide convincing analysis of how relationships evolved throughout decades of planning between Sudanese state actors and local people - and among the locals - as they positioned themselves for or against the dam. Certainly, an important contribution to the proud tradition of Sudanese anthropology. " Prof. Leif Manger, Bergen University
Widely recommended, this guide to Conrad offers a vivid and incisive account of his life and literary career, and gives detailed attention to the contexts, themes, problems and paradoxes of his works.
A user-friendly reference for English-language readers who are eager to explore contemporary fiction from around the world. Profiling hundreds of titles and authors from 1945 to today, with an emphasis on fiction published in the past two decades, this guide introduces the styles, trends, and genres of the world's literatures, from Scandinavian crime thrillers and cutting-edge Chinese works to Latin American narco-fiction and award-winning French novels. The book's critical selection of titles defines the arc of a country's literary development. Entries illuminate the fiction of individual nations, cultures, and peoples, while concise biographies sketch the careers of noteworthy authors. Compiled by M. A. Orthofer, an avid book reviewer and the founder of the literary review site the Complete Review, this reference is perfect for readers who wish to expand their reading choices and knowledge of contemporary world fiction. “A bird's-eye view of titles and authors from everywhere―a book overfull with reminders of why we love to read international fiction. Keep it close by.”—Robert Con Davis-Udiano, executive director, World Literature Today “M. A. Orthofer has done more to bring literature in translation to America than perhaps any other individual. [This book] will introduce more new worlds to you than any other book on the market.”—Tyler Cowen, George Mason University “A relaxed, riverine guide through the main currents of international writing, with sections for more than a hundred countries on six continents.”—Karan Mahajan, Page-Turner blog, The New Yorker
This book advances an Islamic political philosophy based on the concept of Ihsan, which means to do beautiful things. The author moves beyond the dominant model of Islamic governance advanced by modern day Islamists. The political philosophy of Ihsan privileges process over structure, deeds over identity, love over law and mercy and forgiveness over retribution. The work invites Muslims to move away from thinking about the form of Islamic government and to strive to create a self-critical society that defends national virtue and generates institutions and practices that provide good governance.
In 2011, the diplomatic and expert consensus was that Bashar al-Asads regime would fail, causing Syria to disintegrate into several ethnic enclaves or mini-states. A decade later and Bashar is still in control, having defeated the rebels and gained the support of Russia. The years of internal warfare have brought about changes in the spectrum of parties involved in the Syrian state, and the final outcome is inevitably going to be shaped by geo-politics. The Alawi minority still in large measure controls the Sunni-Muslim (Arab) majority. The other players are a gallery of ever changing allegiances: ISIS, Jabhat al-Nusra, and many other radical Islamic groups; the Muslim Kurdish and Christian Arab communities; as well as Shii Lebanese Hizballah. External horizon players are Iran; Sunni Turkey and Saudi Arabia; Jewish Israel; the United States and Russia. This study aims to analyze the agendas, actions, and interrelations of these various actors from 2011 until the present. It will discuss their ongoing politics and assess forthcoming developments. Both Iran and Russia continue to support Bashar, but compete for political, military, and economic influence. The US has greatly reduced involvement, keeping only 900 troops in northeastern Syria, to protect its Kurdish allies and fight against ISIS. Turkey still occupies parts of northern Syria, with the aim of eliminating the Kurdish forces. Syrian and Russian military attempts to conquer this area continue sporadically. The Israeli air force has attacked Iranian and Hizballah positions with the tacit approval of Russia. However, Russias war on Ukraine in February 2022 may result in restricting Israeli interdictions and instead enhance cooperation with Tehran in order to counter the US and NATO. Both Russia and Iran have been incapable of reconstructing the massively destroyed Syrian infrastructure; the US and Europe are reluctant to contribute due to Bashars continued Alawi minority-based autocratic and corrupt rule.
Al-Fatihah is the first and opening chapter in the Holy Quran, and in many ways it represents the essence of this holy book itself. In this opening sura of the Quranused in every mandatory and voluntary prayer in Islamthe one and only God, Allah, summarizes in these seven oft-repeated verses the purpose and mission for humankind. Al-FatihahThe Opening of the Quran explores the foundational and critical questions addressed in the first sura of the Quran, and it provides a way for both Muslims and non-Muslims who are neither native in Arabic nor competent in reading and understanding Arabic to access this absolutely purposeful set of Quranic verses. Because the Quran cannot properly be translated, the authors have for many years diligently researched scholarly interpretations from both classical and contemporary mainstream scholars so that the concepts of Al-Fatihah can be easily discovered. The concepts of Al-Fatihah are ultimately simple, uncomplicated, and straightforward, yet in these seven verses containing only twenty-nine Arabic words, anyone interested in opening their hearts and minds to this spiritual journey can find in these words the depth of Allahs mercy and love.
Originally published in 1952, al-Din, by prominent Egyptian scholar Muhammad Abdullah Draz (1894–1958), has been critically acclaimed as one of the most influential Arab Muslim studies of universal 'religion' and forms of religiosity in modern times. Written as an introductory textbook for a course in the "History of Religions" at King Fuad I University in Cairo-the first of its kind offered at an Egyptian institution of higher learning-this book presents a critical overview of classical approaches to the scholarly study of religion. While ultimately adapted to an Islamic paradigm, the book is a novel attempt to construct a grand narrative about the large methodological issues of Religious Studies and the History of Religions and in relation to modernity and secularism. Translated for the first time in English by Yahya Haidar, this book demonstrates how the scholarly academic study of religion in the West, often described as 'Orientalist', came to influence and help shape a counter-discourse from one of the leading Arab Muslim scholars of his time.
This book is an attempt to compile and integrate the information documented by many botanists, both Egyptians and others, about the vegetation of Egypt. The first treatise on the flora of Egypt, by Petrus Forsskäl, was published in 1775. Records of the Egyptian flora made during the Napoleonic expedition to Egypt (1778-1801) were provided by AR. Delile from 1809 to 1812 (Kassas, 1981). The early beginning of ecological studies of the vegetation of Egypt extended to the mid-nineteenth century. Two traditions may be re cognized. The first was general exploration and survey, for which one name is symbolic: Georges-Auguste Schweinfurth (1836-1925), a German scientist and explorer who lived in Egypt from 1863 to 1914. The second tradition was ecophysiological to explain the plant life in the dry desert. The work of G. Volkens (1887) remains a classic on xerophytism. These two traditions were maintained and expanded in further phases of ecological development associated with the es tablishment of the Egyptian University in 1925 (now the University the Swedish Gunnar of Cairo). The first professor of botany was Täckholm (1925-1929). He died young, and his wife Vivi Täckholm devoted her life to studying the flora of Egypt and gave leadership and inspiration to plant taxonomists in Egypt for some 50 years. She died in 1978. The second professor of botany in Egypt was F. W. Oliver (1929- 1932) followed by the British ecologist F. J. Lewis (1935-1947).
These documents cover the 300 year history of the Palmer's Gild up to its dissolution in 1551. Some 1,495 deeds of various kinds, mostly in Latin, some in Norman-French or English are all shown in English. They demonstrate the extent of the Gild's interests and also provide the most important source of information about the families of the town and other places, their descents, the derivations of their names and their occupations. The Gild became the leading institution in Ludlow and it supported (a) an important chantry in the parish church, (b) a college of chaplains who provided many services, both spiritual and secular, (c) building and ornamentation work in the parish church and (d) provided a kind of mutual insurance service for its members who came from all over the country, including at one time Richard, duke of York himself. The gild acquired many properties from donations, bequests and purchases and the rents financed its activities. There is a comprehensive index. This is a paperback.
In the poorest countries, such as Afghanistan, Haiti, and Mali, the United States has struggled to work with governments whose corruption and lack of capacity are increasingly seen to be the cause of instability and poverty. The development and security communities call for "good governance" to improve the rule of law, democratic accountability, and the delivery of public goods and services. The United States and other rich liberal democracies insist that this is the only legitimate model of governance. Yet poor governments cannot afford to govern according to these ideals and instead are compelled to rely more heavily on older, cheaper strategies of holding power, such as patronage and repression. The unwillingness to admit that poor governments do and must govern differently has cost the United States and others inestimable blood and coin. Informed by years of fieldwork and drawing on practitioner work and academic scholarship in politics, economics, law, and history, this book explains the origins of poor governments in the formation of the modern state system and describes the way they govern. It argues that, surprisingly, the effort to stigmatize and criminalize the governance of the poor is both fruitless and destabilizing. The United States must pursue a more effective foreign policy to engage poor governments and acknowledge how they govern.
The attacks of September 11, 2001, changed the way the world looks at Islam. And rightfully so, according to M.A. Khan, a former Muslim who left the religion after realizing that it is based on forced conversion, imperialism, and slavery: the primary demands of Jihad, commanded by the Islamic God Allah. In this groundbreaking book, Khan demonstrates that Prophet Muhammad meticulously followed these misguided principles and established the ideal template of Islamic Jihad for his future followers to pursue, and that Muslims have been perpetuating the cardinal principles of Jihad ever since. Find out the true nature of Islam, particularly its doctrine of Jihad, and what it means to the modern world, and also learn about The core tenets of Islam and its history The propagation of Islam by force and other means Islamic propaganda Arab-Islamic imperialism Islamic slavery and slave-trade And much more! The commands of Allah are perpetual in nature, so are the actions of Prophet Muhammad. Jihad has been the way to win converts to Islam since its birth fourteen centuries ago, and it wont change anytime soon. Find out why in Islamic Jihad.
The original versions titled “Harta Haram Muamalat Kontemporer (HHMK)” by Dr. Erwandi Tarmizi, Lc MA has been printed for up to 15 times (March 2017) that produce over than 60.000 copies. Currently this book became a reference in many Islamic studies like radios and television talk show (Indonesia and Malaysia), academia, government, financial institutions and various business communities. This book is the most comprehensive compilation of Indonesia's contemporary fiqh (Islamic Law) that regularly updated with any new business issues. This book is intended to give solutions to maaliyah problems. It provides explanations about forbidden transaction (haram) which are commonly occurred in financial and nonfinancial institutions. Case related to home loan, leasing, pawn shops, credit card, L/C, cheque, stock, bond, short selling, buy on margin, murabahah, mudharabah, loan for pilgrimage purpose, bribery and corruption. Author explores more about forbidden marketing schema such as: MLM (multi level marketing), online trading, promotion, discount, advertisement, and selling the haram products with such as: gelatine, alcohol, formalin, etc. All Those maaliyah problems are resolved scientifically based on Al Qur'an and As Sunnah in this book. Statements (fatwa) from national and international Islamic fiqh council and opinions from scholars that are relevant to the problems are also exposed in order to allow the readers to make comparison. In addition, this book offers Islamic means to make an forbidden (haram) transaction to become permissible. Finally, through chapters in this book, author of this book encourages moslems to purify their wealth from haram transaction.
Nowadays, the environment looms large in the analysis of conflict in developing societies, and the precise role it plays is the subject of an ongoing debate. The de bate has moved on from the earlier, but still popular, notions of 'power struggles', 'class struggles' and 'ethnic conflicts', to a perception of conflict as the product of intense group competition for resources. Where the state controls the distribu tion of resources, itself inevitably becomes party to conflicts whose bone of con tention is access to state power as the most efficient means of gaining access to resources. The resources in question are social (health, education, transportation, communication, recreation, etc. ) and material (land, water, housing, jobs, con tracts, licenses, permits, etc. ). In parts of the world, and especially in Africa, di minishing resources and authoritarian state rule exacerbate group competition leading to political confrontation. This is the line I have followed in analysing conflict in the Hom of Africa (Markakis, 1987, 1998). Mohamed Salih's first contribution in this volume is to move the debate a step beyond this line, which can be criticized as unduly materialist. He does it by bringing culture into the realm of resources, not only as a resource in itself, but also as the agency that assigns natural resources their value. Culture thus becomes a contextual element in conflict over resources whose value is culturally deter mined.
Analysis of North African revolt against authoritarianism, known as the ‘Arab Spring’, embraced reductionist explanations such as the social media, youth unemployment and citizens’ agitations to regain dignity in societies humiliated by oppressive regimes. This book illustrates that reductionist approaches can only elucidate some symptoms of a social problem while leaving unexplained the economic and political structures which contributed to it. One outcome of quiescence, resource-based ethnic and sectarian conflicts and faulty development paradigm is deepened inequality and a wedge between winners and losers or affluence, wealth and power vis-à-vis poverty and hunger among humiliated jobless and hope-less masses. The book blends theories of development and transition to explain the complex factors which contributed to North Africans’ revolt against authoritarianism and its long-term consequences for political development in the Arab World. This timely book is of great interest to researchers and students in Development Studies, Economics and Middle Eastern Studies as well as policy makers and democracy, human rights and social justice activists in the Arab world.
The most successful and useful new almanac of the decade is back, with reams of new material to help readers make the most of their lives in the coming year. This year's Practical Guide includes practical advice from over 500 experts, including O.J. Simpson's jury consultant on the ins and outs of jury duty Cal Ripken Jr., on how to go from Little League to the majors Master chef Jacques Pepin on his favorite low-fat gourmet desserts C. Everett Koop on how to pick a doctor in today's health-care environment. And more!
The most successful and useful new almanac of the decade is back, with reams of new material to help readers make the most out of their lives in the coming year. This year's Practical Guide includes advice from more than 500 experts, including O.J. Simpson's jury consultant on the ins and outs of jury duty; Cal Ripken, Jr., on how to go from Little League to the majors; master chef Jacques Pepin on his favorite low-fat gourmet desserts; and C. Everett Koop on how to choose a doctor. Graphs, tables, charts & illustrations.
Analysis of North African revolt against authoritarianism, known as the ‘Arab Spring’, embraced reductionist explanations such as the social media, youth unemployment and citizens’ agitations to regain dignity in societies humiliated by oppressive regimes. This book illustrates that reductionist approaches can only elucidate some symptoms of a social problem while leaving unexplained the economic and political structures which contributed to it. One outcome of quiescence, resource-based ethnic and sectarian conflicts and faulty development paradigm is deepened inequality and a wedge between winners and losers or affluence, wealth and power vis-à-vis poverty and hunger among humiliated jobless and hope-less masses. The book blends theories of development and transition to explain the complex factors which contributed to North Africans’ revolt against authoritarianism and its long-term consequences for political development in the Arab World. This timely book is of great interest to researchers and students in Development Studies, Economics and Middle Eastern Studies as well as policy makers and democracy, human rights and social justice activists in the Arab world.
The Calamitous and Lamentable 'Arab Spring is a work that was inspired by recent events in the Middle East. Author 'All ma Dr. S ni lih Mus apha casts a critical eye on the Arab Spring and identifies what he perceives as a major missed opportunity for the Arab nations to move forward. As a firm believer in practical Islam, Dr. Mu apha regards the word of Allah in much the same manner he regarded his medical textbooks: as a practical guide for how to operate. A firm believer in the power of education, Dr. Mu apha advocates an optimistic and constructive vision of how the power of Allah's word can be a force for good in the Arab world and elsewhere. It is the author's firm belief that by understanding the physical world and how it is governed by the laws of the Creator, we may be able to find a way to live the lives we dream of in peace and light. "Or is like the darkness in a vast deep sea, overwhelmed with waves topped by waves, topped by dark clouds, darkness upon darkness; if a man stretches out his hand, he can hardly see it! And he for whom Allah has not appointed light, for him there is no light
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