Born into a family of migrant workers, toiling in the fields by the age of six, Jose M. Hernandez dreamed of traveling through the night skies on a rocket ship. REACHING FOR THE STARS is the inspiring story of how he realized that dream, becoming the first Mexican-American astronaut. Hernandez didn't speak English till he was 12, and his peers often joined gangs, or skipped school. And yet, by his twenties he was part of an elite team helping develop technology for the early detection of breast cancer. He was turned down by NASA eleven times on his long journey to donning that famous orange space suit. Hernandez message of hard work, education, perseverance, of "reaching for the stars," makes this a classic American autobiography.
Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.
Bioterrorism, drug-resistant disease, transmission of disease by global travel . . . there's no shortage of challenges facing America's public health officials. Men and women preparing to enter the field require state-of-the-art training to meet these increasing threats to the public health. But are the programs they rely on provide the high caliber professional training they require? Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? provides an overview of the past, present, and future of public health education, assessing its readiness to provide the training and education needed to prepare men and women to face 21st century challenges. Advocating an ecological approach to public health, the Institute of Medicine examines the role of public health schools and degree-granting programs, medical schools, nursing schools, and government agencies, as well as other institutions that foster public health education and leadership. Specific recommendations address the content of public health education, qualifications for faculty, availability of supervised practice, opportunities for cross-disciplinary research and education, cooperation with government agencies, and government funding for education. Eight areas of critical importance to public health education in the 21st century are examined in depth: informatics, genomics, communication, cultural competence, community-based participatory research, global health, policy and law, and public health ethics. The book also includes a discussion of the policy implications of its ecological framework.
Health literacy-the ability for individuals to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services to facilitate appropriate health decisions-is increasingly recognized as an important facet of health care and health outcomes. Although research on health literacy has grown tremendously in the past decade, there is no widely agreed-upon framework for health literacy as a determinant of health outcomes. Most instruments focus on assessing an individual's health literacy, yet the scope of health literacy reaches far beyond an individual's skills and abilities. Health literacy occurs in the context of the health care system, and therefore measures of health literacy must also assess the demands and complexities of the health care systems with which patients interact. For example, measures are needed to determine how well the system has been organized so that it can be navigated by individuals with different levels of health literacy and how well health organizations are doing at making health information understandable and actionable. To examine what is known about measures of health literacy, the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop. The workshop, summarized in this volume, reviews the current status of measures of health literacy, including those used in the health care setting; discusses possible surrogate measures that might be used to assess health literacy; and explores ways in which health literacy measures can be used to assess patient-centered approaches to care.
Approximately 80 million adults in the United States have low health literacy - an individual's ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information. Low health literacy creates difficulties in communicating with clinicians, poses barriers in managing chronic illness, lessens the likelihood of receiving preventive care, heightens the possibility of experiencing serious medication errors, increased risk of hospitalization, and results in poorer quality of life. It is important for health care organizations to develop strategies that can improve their health literacy, yet organizations often find it difficult to determine exactly what it means to be health literate. How Can Health Care Organizations Become More Health Literate?: Workshop defines a health literate health care organization as "an organization that makes it easier for people to navigate, understand, and use information and services to take care of their health." In November 2011, the IOM Roundtable on Health Literacy held a workshop to discuss the growing recognition that health literacy depends not only on individual skills and abilities but also on the demands and complexities of the health care system. How Can Health Care Organizations Become More Health Literate?: Workshop summarizes the workshop.
There is great enthusiasm over the use of emerging interactive health information technologies-often referred to as eHealth-and the potential these technologies have to improve the quality, capacity, and efficiency of the health care system. However, many doctors, advocacy groups, policy makers and consumers are concerned that electronic health systems might help individuals and communities with greater resources while leaving behind those with limited access to technology. In order to address this problem, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Health Literacy held a workshop to explore the current status of communication technology, the challenges for its use in populations with low health literacy, and the strategies for increasing the benefit of these technologies for populations with low health literacy. The summary of the workshop, "Health Literacy, eHealth, and Communication: Putting the Consumer First," includes participants' comments on these issues.
Medications are an important component of health care, but each year their misuse results in over a million adverse drug events that lead to office and emergency room visits as well as hospitalizations and, in some cases, death. As a patient's most tangible source of information about what drug has been prescribed and how that drug is to be taken, the label on a container of prescription medication is a crucial line of defense against such medication safety problems, yet almost half of all patients misunderstand label instructions about how to take their medicines. Standardizing Medication Labels: Confusing Patients Less is the summary of a workshop, held in Washington, D.C. on October 12, 2007, that was organized to examine what is known about how medication container labeling affects patient safety and to discuss approaches to addressing identified problems.
Concerns about the health of veterans of recent military conflicts have given rise to broader questions regarding the health consequences of service in any major military engagement. The Veterans Program Enhancement Act of 1998 directed the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to help develop a plan for establishing' a national center (or centers) for the study of war-related illnesses and postdeployment health issues. In response to this legislation, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee of experts. The charge to the committee was to (1) assist the VA in developing a plan for establishing a national center (or centers) for the study of war-related illnesses and postdeployment health issues, and (2) assess preliminary VA plans and make recommendations regarding such efforts.
Sixty-seven years after Brown V. Board of Education, public education is more segregated and entrenched in white supremacy than in the Jim Crow Era of this nation. The authors argue that an equitable education begins when we remove white supremacy from our teacher preparation programs. This book analyzes the multiple ways in which educator preparation programs continue to center whiteness and white supremacy. Innovative and affective practices are offered by the authors to enhance our educator preparation programs to center the lived experiences of students with marginalized identities in order to create a high-quality, equitable, educational experience.
Until fairly recently, genetic information was used primarily in the diagnosis of relatively rare genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington's Disease, but a transformation in the use of genetic and genomic information is underway. While many predictions have been made that genomics will transform medicine, to date few of these promising discoveries have resulted in actual applications in medicine and health. The Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health, established in 2007, held its first workshop to address the following questions: 1. Are there different pathways by which new scientific findings move from the research setting into health care? 2. If so, what are the implications of those different pathways for genomics? 3. What can we learn from the translation of other new technologies as we seek to understand the translation of genome science into health care? Information obtained from the workshop was then used to further discussion and exploration of the answers to these questions. This book summarizes speaker presentations and discussions. Any conclusions reported should not be construed as reflecting a group consensus; rather they are the statements and opinions of presenters and participants.
The roots of health literacy can be traced back to the national literacy movement in India under Gandhi and to aid groups working in Africa to promote education and health. The term health literacy was first used in 1974 and described as "health education meeting minimal standards for all school grade levels". From that first use the definition of health literacy evolved during the next 30 years with official definitions promulgated by government agencies and large programs. Despite differences among these definitions, they all hold in common the idea that health literacy involves the need for people to understand information that helps them maintain good health. Although the United States produces a majority of the research on health literacy, Europe has strong multinational programs as well as research efforts, and health literacy experts in developing countries have created successful programs implemented on a community level. Given these distinct strengths of efforts worldwide, there are many opportunities for collaboration. International collaboration can harness the United States' research power, Europe's multilingual and multinational experience, and developing nations' community-based programs to create robust programs and research that reach people-not based on language or nationality but on need and value. A workshop on international health literacy efforts that feature presentations and discussion about health literacy interventions from various countries as well as other topics related to international health literacy was held as the basis for this report. Health Literacy: Improving Health, Health Systems, and Health Policy Around the World summarizes the findings and discussions at the workshop.
Mit der zunehmenden Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt ist ein beschleunigter Strukturwandel verbunden, der veränderte Qualifikationsprofile und damit neue Herausforderungen für die berufliche Aus- und Weiterbildung mit sich bringt. Betriebe, berufliche Schulen und andere Bildungsinstitutionen müssen darauf in angemessener Weise reagieren. Der Band nimmt die vielfältigen Anforderungen an Lehrende, Lernende und Bildungsinstitutionen der beruflichen Aus- und Weiterbildung in den Blick und stellt aktuelle Ergebnisse zum Lernen im digitalen Zeitalter zur Verfügung.
This book examines the effects of child support payments on the educational attainment of young adults in the United States during the 1980s. This study uses the human capital and household production models to examine the effect of child support income and other family income on the educational attainment of children. Investments in children’s human capital are made with inputs of time and market goods and services. The focus of this book is on schooling as an investment in children’s human capital. This book may be a useful resource for researchers in a variety of disciplines who are interested in examining the effect of different legislative actions on the well-being of children. In addition, this study may be used as a supplemental reading in a number of academic settings, such as economics, sociology, and public policy.
Tom Wolters a middle aged health care executive with two teenage sons and no wife is, struggling with his life decisions. He has lost interest in his work, struggles with his teenage sons and is fighting a growing dependency on booze. Golf and the opportunity to play at some of the world's greatest golf courses keep Tom motivated to be a better, person. On a business trip back to his hometown the ghost of his dead grandmother visits Tom. His Granny, one of the premier golfers in her day, tries to "coach" Tom's life back along a positive swing plane. In a series of haunting occurrences, sometimes in dreams, sometimes during one of Tom's many drunken escapades, the ghost whacks her misguided grandson with wit and wisdom. Golf venues, which will be the home of major championships in 2004 and 2005, are featured as Tom is guided along his life journey. The Number 2 course at Pinehurst Golf Resort and Pete Dye's shining star, Whistling Straights in Kohler, Wisconsin, provide the backdrop for this enchanting novel about a man in conflict with himself.
Genomics is the study of the entire human genome. Genomics explores not only the actions of single genes, but also the interactions of multiple genes with each other and with the environment. As a result, genomics has great potential for improving the health of the public. However, realizing the benefits of genomics requires a systematic evaluation of its potential contributions and an understanding of the information necessary to facilitate the translation of research findings into public health strategies. In October 2004, the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop to discuss major scientific and policy issues related to genomics and public health, examine major supports for and challenges to the translation of genetic research into population health benefits, and suggest approaches for the integration of genomic information into strategies for promoting health and preventing disease. Implications of Genomics for Public Health summarizes the discussions and presentations from this workshop.
A New Resource for the EAAT Industry The Comprehensive Guide to Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies is a peer-reviewed must-have reference for educators, students, administrators, and professionals involved in the EAAT field. For the educator, the text offers an outline for curriculum; for the undergraduate, it provides complete, easy-to-follow information; for the administrator, it offers an understanding of the breadth and depth of the EAAT industry; and for the EAAT professional, it is simply an essential resource. This comprehensive, relevant, and timely text addresses the profession of equine-assisted activities and therapies in an educational and enjoyable fashion.
The results from this research affirmed the fact that inactivation of microorganisms by chemical disinfectants is influenced by disinfection, microbial, and water quality factors and the various interactions between these factors. The results showed that for all disinfectants, temperature is a key parameter that influences disinfection efficiency. The effect of turbidity was generally of less importance than pH and temperature. The safety factors (1.5 to 2.0) that are applied in the USEPA Ct tables should be satisfactory to account for these effects, not to mention the additional safety factors that are employed during Ct calculations (Cresidual and t10). Research Partner: USEPA Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003
This book introduces you to black rat snakes and corn snakes. It explains the good points and not-so-good points about keeping these snakes and how to become the carer of healthy animals. Find out about the basic requirements, such as housing, food, water and exercise, and how to handle your snakes. Information on the natural behaviour of snakes and expert advice and tips on how to be a good snake carer is also included.
The Low Cholesterol Cookbook and Action Plan goes above and beyond the average low cholesterol cookbook by including: 120 Low-cholesterol recipesDiscover dozens of low-cholesterol versions of your favourite meals, such as Banana-Oat Pancakes, Honey Mustard Chicken, and Flourless Chocolate Cookies. With this logical action plan, you can get on the right track to decreasing cholesterol in one month. Dishes that are quick and flavorfulMost meals take 30 minutes or less to make and utilise just 5 basic ingredients.
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