For the practical user like engineers, inspectors, experts, approval authorities and senior executives of fire departments, this reference book describes requirements to the fire fighting water supply to hydrants which contribute substantially to the improvement of functional security. Structural Engineering and security related requirements to hydrant systems for fire fighting inside a building are presented and contrasted with each other according to international standards and legal requirements. The findings for the technical use are derived from the interdisciplinary research results in cooperation with universities, public authorities, leading fire departments, fire department training centers, professional associations as well as the industry and presented intelligibly. The first part of the research report addresses directly the user. In this section, the different procedures and their assessment methods with summarized measurement results are specified and evaluated. The second part comprises the scientific basic information of the single specialist fields. The respective measurement results and further derivations are illustrated in detail. Through the cooperation of the affected specialist fields, an investigation has been carried out on which specific requirements to fire fighting water supply to hydrants in high-rises and large properties exist in order to provide a yet more secure fire fighting water supply for personal and property protection. It has been identified which limit values for pressure and flow rates on the nozzle are acceptable under security related aspects considering the applied pressure regulation method and which technical requirements have to be taken into account. This reference book will be available as hardcover, PDF, iBook and App in German, English, Spanish and French.
Halbleiter-Leistungsbauelemente sind das Kernstück der Leistungselektronik. Sie bestimmen die Leistungsfähigkeit und machen neuartige und verlustarme Schaltungen erst möglich. In dem Band wird neben den Halbleiter-Leistungsbauelementen selbst auch die Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik behandelt: von den physikalischen Grundlagen und der Herstellungstechnologie über einzelne Bauelemente bis zu thermomechanischen Problemen, Zerstörungsmechanismen und Störungseffekten. Die 2., überarbeitete Auflage berücksichtigt technische Neuerungen und Entwicklungen.
Written in easy to understand language, this self-explanatory guide introduces the fundamentals of finite element methods and its application to differential equations. Beginning with a brief introduction to Sobolev spaces and elliptic scalar problems, the text progresses through an explanation of finite element spaces and estimates for the interpolation error. The concepts of finite element methods for parabolic scalar parabolic problems, object-oriented finite element algorithms, efficient implementation techniques, and high dimensional parabolic problems are presented in different chapters. Recent advances in finite element methods, including non-conforming finite elements for boundary value problems of higher order and approaches for solving differential equations in high dimensional domains are explained for the benefit of the reader. Numerous solved examples and mathematical theorems are interspersed throughout the text for enhanced learning.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is de voted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documentation of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, com pared to which our system of accumulating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 18 contains literature published in 1976 and received before March 1, 1977; some older liter ature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is devoted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. According to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970 it is prepared under the aus pices of the International Astronomical Union. Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive doc umentation in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. It is due to the ever lasting increase of the bulk of material that the information content of our regular volumes is growing seriously. Therefore, the need for detailed index informations allowing the performance of retrospective literature searches be comes more and more important. Volume 23/24-the second General Index of Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts - contains author and subject indexes to volumes II -14 and, respectively, 17-22. Thus, the astronomical and astrophysical literature of the whole five-year period 197 4 -1978 is cov ered by this volume. It is a pleasure to express our gratitude to Ms. Helga Ballmann, Ms. Monika Betz, Mr. Gernot Burkhardt, Ms. Lore Kiefert, Ms. Dagmar Roeder, Ms. Dimitra Roussou, and Mr. Werner Sanns for their kind support during the detailed preparation steps of the indexes.
This new edition incorporates new developments in numerical methods for singularly perturbed differential equations, focusing on linear convection-diffusion equations and on nonlinear flow problems that appear in computational fluid dynamics.
The analysis of singular perturbed differential equations began early in this century, when approximate solutions were constructed from asymptotic ex pansions. (Preliminary attempts appear in the nineteenth century [vD94].) This technique has flourished since the mid-1960s. Its principal ideas and methods are described in several textbooks. Nevertheless, asymptotic ex pansions may be impossible to construct or may fail to simplify the given problem; then numerical approximations are often the only option. The systematic study of numerical methods for singular perturbation problems started somewhat later - in the 1970s. While the research frontier has been steadily pushed back, the exposition of new developments in the analysis of numerical methods has been neglected. Perhaps the only example of a textbook that concentrates on this analysis is [DMS80], which collects various results for ordinary differential equations, but many methods and techniques that are relevant today (especially for partial differential equa tions) were developed after 1980.Thus contemporary researchers must comb the literature to acquaint themselves with earlier work. Our purposes in writing this introductory book are twofold. First, we aim to present a structured account of recent ideas in the numerical analysis of singularly perturbed differential equations. Second, this important area has many open problems and we hope that our book will stimulate further investigations.Our choice of topics is inevitably personal and reflects our own main interests.
For the practical user like engineers, inspectors, experts, approval authorities and senior executives of fire departments, this reference book describes requirements to the fire fighting water supply to hydrants which contribute substantially to the improvement of functional security. Structural Engineering and security related requirements to hydrant systems for fire fighting inside a building are presented and contrasted with each other according to international standards and legal requirements. The findings for the technical use are derived from the interdisciplinary research results in cooperation with universities, public authorities, leading fire departments, fire department training centers, professional associations as well as the industry and presented intelligibly. The first part of the research report addresses directly the user. In this section, the different procedures and their assessment methods with summarized measurement results are specified and evaluated. The second part comprises the scientific basic information of the single specialist fields. The respective measurement results and further derivations are illustrated in detail. Through the cooperation of the affected specialist fields, an investigation has been carried out on which specific requirements to fire fighting water supply to hydrants in high-rises and large properties exist in order to provide a yet more secure fire fighting water supply for personal and property protection. It has been identified which limit values for pressure and flow rates on the nozzle are acceptable under security related aspects considering the applied pressure regulation method and which technical requirements have to be taken into account. This reference book will be available as hardcover, PDF, iBook and App in German, English, Spanish and French.
For the practical user like engineers, inspectors, experts, approval authorities and senior executives of fire departments, this reference book describes requirements to the fire fighting water supply to hydrants which contribute substantially to the improvement of functional security. Structural Engineering and security related requirements to hydrant systems for fire fighting inside a building are presented and contrasted with each other according to international standards and legal requirements. The findings for the technical use are derived from the interdisciplinary research results in cooperation with universities, public authorities, leading fire departments, fire department training centers, professional associations as well as the industry and presented intelligibly. The first part of the research report addresses directly the user. In this section, the different procedures and their assessment methods with summarized measurement results are specified and evaluated. The second part comprises the scientific basic information of the single specialist fields. The respective measurement results and further derivations are illustrated in detail. Through the cooperation of the affected specialist fields, an investigation has been carried out on which specific requirements to fire fighting water supply to hydrants in high-rises and large properties exist in order to provide a yet more secure fire fighting water supply for personal and property protection. It has been identified which limit values for pressure and flow rates on the nozzle are acceptable under security related aspects considering the applied pressure regulation method and which technical requirements have to be taken into account. This reference book will be available as hardcover, PDF, iBook and App in German, English, Spanish and French.
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