This chapter offers an overview of the basic biology of phagocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils and how it is affected by receptors for the Fc portion of antibodies (FcRs), particularly FcγRs. We focus on important processes such as phagocytosis and antigen presentation but it must be considered that these occur within the context of inflammation, where the complementary roles of the different phagocyte populations are clearly exposed. For this purpose, a brief description of the inflammatory response has also been included. Finally, research in innate immunity is coming to terms with the wide range of responses that can be achieved by selective engagement of pattern-recognition receptors, and we provide examples of how receptors not normally associated with responses to immunocomplexes modulate cellular activation mediated by FcRs.
Learning and Memory: A Biological View is a comprehensive textbook about the neurobiology of learning and memory. Topics covered range from anatomical correlates of neuronal plasticity to drugs that modulate learning and memory, along with biochemical correlates of learning and memory. The effect of aging on memory and electrophysiological analogs of memory are also discussed. Comprised of 12 chapters, this book begins with a review of historical traditions that influenced research on the biological basis of learning and memory. Experimental results indicating that the engram for a simple classically conditioned skeletal response may be in the cerebellum are also summarized. The next chapter stresses the importance of anatomical mechanisms that could mediate learning, plasticity, and memory storage in young and adult animals. Subsequent chapters focus on the influence of peripheral hormones, including opioid peptides, on learning and memory; the contribution of individual neurotransmitter systems to learning; the psychopathology of aging; and long-term potentiation. Learning in complex vertebrate systems and direct stimulation of various brain nuclei are also considered. The final chapter presents a neurobehavioral analysis of the structure of memory formation that utilizes lesions and explores human memory pathology. This monograph is intended for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and research workers in the field of memory.
Computer-Aided Design and system analysis aim to find mathematical models that allow emulating the behaviour of components and facilities. The high competitiveness in industry, the little time available for product development and the high cost in terms of time and money of producing the initial prototypes means that the computer-aided design and analysis of products are taking on major importance. On the other hand, in most areas of engineering the components of a system are interconnected and belong to different domains of physics (mechanics, electrics, hydraulics, thermal...). When developing a complete multidisciplinary system, it needs to integrate a design procedure to ensure that it will be successfully achieved. Engineering systems require an analysis of their dynamic behaviour (evolution over time or path of their different variables). The purpose of modelling and simulating dynamic systems is to generate a set of algebraic and differential equations or a mathematical model. In order to perform rapid product optimisation iterations, the models must be formulated and evaluated in the most efficient way. Automated environments contribute to this. One of the pioneers of simulation technology in medicine defines simulation as a technique, not a technology, that replaces real experiences with guided experiences reproducing important aspects of the real world in a fully interactive fashion [iii]. In the following chapters the reader will be introduced to the world of simulation in topics of current interest such as medicine, military purposes and their use in industry for diverse applications that range from the use of networks to combining thermal, chemical or electrical aspects, among others. We hope that after reading the different sections of this book we will have succeeded in bringing across what the scientific community is doing in the field of simulation and that it will be to your interest and liking. Lastly, we would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contributions in the different areas of simulation.
Computer-Aided Design and system analysis aim to find mathematical models that allow emulating the behaviour of components and facilities. The high competitiveness in industry, the little time available for product development and the high cost in terms of time and money of producing the initial prototypes means that the computer-aided design and analysis of products are taking on major importance. On the other hand, in most areas of engineering the components of a system are interconnected and belong to different domains of physics (mechanics, electrics, hydraulics, thermal...). When developing a complete multidisciplinary system, it needs to integrate a design procedure to ensure that it will be successfully achieved. Engineering systems require an analysis of their dynamic behaviour (evolution over time or path of their different variables). The purpose of modelling and simulating dynamic systems is to generate a set of algebraic and differential equations or a mathematical model. In order to perform rapid product optimisation iterations, the models must be formulated and evaluated in the most efficient way. Automated environments contribute to this. One of the pioneers of simulation technology in medicine defines simulation as a technique, not a technology, that replaces real experiences with guided experiences reproducing important aspects of the real world in a fully interactive fashion [iii]. In the following chapters the reader will be introduced to the world of simulation in topics of current interest such as medicine, military purposes and their use in industry for diverse applications that range from the use of networks to combining thermal, chemical or electrical aspects, among others. We hope that after reading the different sections of this book we will have succeeded in bringing across what the scientific community is doing in the field of simulation and that it will be to your interest and liking. Lastly, we would like to thank all the authors for their excellent contributions in the different areas of simulation.
In recent decades, there has been an explosive growth in knowledge on the important biological roles of carbohydrates, especailly as specific information carriers. Neoglycoconjugates have been indispensable tools in these studies. This timely book, with both synthetic and application studies, will be of great value to researchers in a number of disciplines. Includes applications of neoglycoconjugates in medicine (vaccine preparation, drug targeting and tumor diagnosis) Is a comprehensive survey of synthetic strategies Covers application of neoglycoconjugates in basic research
The new third edition of Gene Activity in Early Development reflects the ten years of technological progress since the last edition. Providing a unique blend of classical and molecular knowledge, it discusses all major embryonic systems from both a comparative and mechanistic point of view. In deriving overall interpretations of developmental phenomena, it brings into play all the disparate forms of evidence, including genetic, molecular, and cytological.**This book is written for any serious student or scholar entering the field, whether his or her background is in genetics, molecular biology, or embryology.
Interest in the functional roles of astrocytes in the nervous system has grown significantly as it is recognized that these cells not only have their own pharmacology but also release neuro- and vaso-active factors. This book relates astrocyte pharmacology to cell function for the first time, making it an attractive text across the neuroscience community. Discusses the pharmacological regulation of specific astrocyte functions Covers functional interactions between these and adjacent CNS cell types Examines regional heterogeneity of astrocytes with respect to receptor expression Compares in vitro and in vivo approaches
Epilepsy is one of the most familiar chronic neurological diseases and is a common yet challenging presentation in veterinary surgeries. This book covers seizure pathogenesis, classifications, diagnostic investigations, emergency treatments and longer term treatments, with a large section on pharmacological intervention. Filling a considerable gap in the veterinary literature, it includes tables and charts for quick reference during emergencies. Seizures can be very distressing to animals and owners, yet not all seizures are the result of epilepsy, a neurological condition. This book discusses how to distinguish between epileptic and non-neurological seizures, and provides case studies to illustrate different occurrences of epilepsy.
This volume examines the oxidation chemistry of carbon-based materials in more detail with emphasis on the technological phenomena that result from the attack of oxygen and the practical procedures developed to prevent them.
The original work, published in 1985, appeared at the first interface between classical fungal genetics and modern genetic engineering, reflecting the excitement of a young and promising discipline. Since then, molecular mycology has come of age. The entirely new More Gene Manipulations in Fungi reviews state-of-the-art research with an intent to inform the researcher about what can be achieved by studying fungal systems with the tools of molecular biology. This book is a current reference providing overviews as well as practical information. Updates Bennett and Lasure's classic Gene Manipulations in Fungi published in 1985 Describes fungi for the study of fundamental problems in biology and biochemistry Explains both classical and molecular genetics for the study of fungi Contains special appendixes on genetic analysis, growth media, and coding conventions Demonstrates the progress of molecular mycology since the seminal paper published by Beadle and Tatum in 1941
FROM THE PREFACE: The abundance of insects can change dramatically from generation to generation; these generational changes may occur within a growing season or over a period of years. Such extraordinary density changes or "outbreaks" may be abrupt and ostensibly random, or population peaks may occur in a more or less cyclic fashion....The goal of this book is to update and advance current thinking on the phenomenon of insect outbreaks. The contributors have reviewed relevant literature in order to generate a synthesis providing new concepts and important alternatives for future research. More importantly, they have presented new ideas or syntheses that will stimulate advances in thinking and experimentation.
The extraordinary Watts Towers were created over the course of three decades by a determined, single-minded artist, Sabato Rodia, a highly remarkable Italian immigrant laborer who wanted to do “something big.” Now a National Historic Landmark and internationally renowned destination, the Watts Towers in Los Angeles are both a personal artistic expression and a collective symbol of Nuestro Pueblo—Our Town/Our People. Featuring fresh and innovative examinations that mine deeper and broader than ever before, Sabato Rodia’s Towers in Watts is a much anticipated revisitation of the man and his towers. In 1919, Sabato Rodia purchased a triangular plot of land in a multiethnic, working-class, semi-rural district. He set to work on an unusual building project in his own yard. By night, Rodia dreamed and excogitated, and by day he built. He experimented with form, color, texture, cement mixtures, and construction techniques. He built, tore down, and re-built. As an artist completely possessed by his work, he was often derided as an incomprehensible crazy man. Providing a multifaceted, holistic understanding of Rodia, the towers, and the cultural/social/physical environment within which the towers and their maker can be understood, Sabato Rodia’s Towers in Watts compiles essays from twenty authors, offering perspectives from the arts, the communities involved in the preservation and interpretation of the towers, and the academy. Most of the contributions originated at two interdisciplinary conferences held in Los Angeles and in Italy: “Art & Migration: Sabato Rodia’s Towers in Watts, Los Angeles” and “The Watts Towers Common Ground Initiative: Art, Migrations, Development.” The Watts Towers are wondrous objects of art and architecture as well as the expression and embodiment of the resolve of a singular artistic genius to do something great. But they also recount the heroic civic efforts (art and social action) to save them, both of which continue to this day to evoke awe and inspiration. Sabato Rodia’s Towers in Watts presents a well-rounded tribute to one man’s tenacious labor of love. A portion of royalties from this book will go to support the work of the Watts Towers Arts Center.
This informative treatise offers a concise collection of existing, expert data summarizing the composition of milk. The Handbook of Milk Composition summarizes current information on all aspects of human and bovine milk, including: sampling, storage, composition, as well as specific chapters on major and minor components such as protein, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes, minerals, vitamins and hormones. The book also features comprehensive coverage of compartmentation, host-defense components, factors affecting composition, composition of commercial formulas, and contaminants. * Reliable data on the composition of human and bovine milks. * Discusses the many factors affecting composition. * Composition tables make up 25-30% of the total book. * Problems concerning sampling and analysis are described. * Should appeal equally to industry and academia. * Also of interest to developing countries in need of information on infant nutrition and agricultural development
For many years, biochemical tests have been widely used for the diagnosis, classification, and monitoring of bone and connective tissue disease. However, shortcomings in terms of the specificity and sensitivity of such tests have prompted continual questioning about their clinical usefulness.This book, based on a meeting organized jointly by the University of Uppsala and Pharmacia Diagnostics AB, reviews our current understanding of basic bone and connective tissue biochemistry and the clinical role of biochemical markers specific to related diseases, with special reference to rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis.
As a collection of neuroepidemiology papers, this book captures the range and excitement of the discipline. Researchers in the field have been at the forefront in the study of slow viruses, retroviral epidemiology, chronic neuroloical diseases, as well as injuries and other disabilities of the neurological system. The intersection of epidemiology, neurology, and behavioral/social science is a unique feature of this book. Furthermore, Molgaard's collection differs from similar titles in that it focuses on minorities and international work in neuroepidemiology. * Covers the patterns and risk factors of the epidemiology of neurologic disease and disorders * Studies chronic disease epidemiology * Presents research methods in public health
Para la corrección rápida, fácil y eficaz de las alteraciones de la voz y trastornos del habla, podemos utilizar la vía natural del reflejo humano otoneurofonatorio. Desde las funciones del oído, consideramos aquí el viaje del sonido captado, por vías hasta los centros auditivos temporales del cerebro, con nuevos descubrimientos en los grupos de teorías de audición: de resonancia de Heltmoltz, telefónicas de Rütheford, filtraje sonoro del oído de Gribenski y de la "volley theory". Estudiamos el enigma del desarrollo desde niño de lateralidad en oído humano rector y musical, sus reflejos especialmente la selectividad auditiva. Analizamos las teorías de nuestra fonación: mioelástica, neurocronáxica, mucooscilatoria, neurooscilatoria como otras mecánicovibratorias, por el fuelle pulmonar, vibrador cuerdas vocales, resonadores supralaríngeos y reflejo de sinergia neumofónico, garantizando emisiones de voz y habla. ¿Usted quiere comprender el misterio del reflejo humano otoneurofonatorio de la voz y del habla?
This essential book contains material presented at a September 1990 meeting organized by the Commission for Bioindicators, International Union for Biological Sciences.**A key role of the Commission for Bioindicators (IUBS) is to promote the use of bioindicators in environmental management. This means encouraging the transfer of ideas regarding potential bioindicators, and originating in laboratories, into the harsher realities of field environmental monitoring. Although the concept of biomonitoring is ancient, its application to current monitoring problems is relatively slow to develop.**In a bid to rectify this problem, this invaluable book brings together and discusses approaches developed around the world. It will provide both environmental administrators and research scientists with a valuable sense of proportion of the state of the art in their particular field. Bioindicators and Environmental Management is organized into four sections Bioindicators, industry, and administration Biomonitoring of the Chernobyl accident Monitoring long-term/large-scale environmental trends Basic research in biomonitoring
Proton conduction can be found in many different solid materials, from organic polymers at room temperature to inorganic oxides at high temperature. Solid state proton conductors are of central interest for many technological innovations, including hydrogen and humidity sensors, membranes for water electrolyzers and, most importantly, for high-efficiency electrochemical energy conversion in fuel cells. Focusing on fundamentals and physico-chemical properties of solid state proton conductors, topics covered include: Morphology and Structure of Solid Acids Diffusion in Solid Proton Conductors by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Structure and Diffusivity by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Proton-Conducting Polymers Ab initio Modeling of Transport and Structure Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acids Proton-Conducting Aromatic Polymers Inorganic Solid Proton Conductors Uniquely combining both organic (polymeric) and inorganic proton conductors, Solid State Proton Conductors: Properties and Applications in Fuel Cells provides a complete treatment of research on proton-conducting materials.
In Kerala, political activists with a background in Communism are now instead asserting political demands on the basis of indigenous identity. Why did a notion of indigenous belonging come to replace the discourse of class in subaltern struggles? Indigenist Mobilization answers this question through a detailed ethnographic study of the dynamics between the Communist party and indigenist activists, and the subtle ways in which global capitalist restructuring leads to a resonance of indigenist visions in the changing everyday working lives of subaltern groups in Kerala.
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