In this paper, we estimate the aggregate and sectoral fiscal multipliers of EU Structural Investment (ESI) Funds and of public investment at the EU level. We complement these results with a specific application to the case of Slovenia. We first analyze aggregate data and find large and significant multipliers and strong crowding-in of private investment. Our main findings show that positive shocks to ESI Funds are followed by an increase in output that ranges from 1.2 percent on impact, to 1.8 percent after 1 year, and by an increase in private investment between 0.7 and 0.8 percent of GDP. We address country heterogeneity by dividing countries according to key characteristics that have been known to affect multipliers. In particular, we find higher multipliers in a group of CEE countries that are important recipients of European funds and are characterized by fixed exchange rate regimes and sound public investment governance (e.g. Croatia and Slovenia). We also complement the aggregate analysis by estimating the effect of different types of public investment and the effect of public investment on different sectors of the economy.
Abstract In this paper we ask whether countries can influence their exposure to changes in global financial conditions. Specifically, we show that even though we can model cross-country capital flows via a global factor that closely tracks changes in global financial conditions, there is a large degree of heterogeneity in the sensitivity of each country to this same global factor. We then evaluate whether this cross-country heterogeneity can be attributed to different policy choices, including measures of capital flow management, such as capital controls and macroprudential policies. In our main results, we show that higher levels of capital controls and macroprudential policies both dampen the sensitivity to the global factor. Furthermore, we show that countries’ monetary and exchange rate policies can also be successfully deployed. Overall, our results have implications that extend beyond the surge that preceded the 2008 global financial crisis, and that closely resonate in light of the financial disruptions that followed the COVID-19 pandemic.
Luigi Gioia provides a fresh description and analysis of Augustine's monumental treatise, De Trinitate, working on a supposition of its unity and its coherence from structural, rhetorical, and theological points of view. The main arguments of the treatise are reviewed first: Scripture and the mystery of the Trinity; discussion of 'Arian' logical and ontological categories; a comparison between the process of knowledge and formal aspects of the confession of the mystery of the Trinity; an account of the so called 'psychological analogies'. These topics hold a predominantly instructive or polemical function. The unity and the coherence of the treatise become apparent especially when its description focuses on a truly theological understanding of knowledge of God: Augustine aims at leading the reader to the vision and enjoyment of God the Trinity, in whose image we are created. This mystagogical aspect of the rhetoric of De Trinitate is unfolded through Christology, soteriology, doctrine of the Holy Spirit and doctrine of revelation. At the same time, from the vantage point of love, Augustine detects and powerfully depicts the epistemological consequences of human sinfulness, thus unmasking the fundamental deficiency of received theories of knowledge. Only love restores knowledge and enables philosophers to yield to the injunction which resumes philosophical enterprise as a whole, namely 'know thyself'.
This manual deals with the vast category of specialised buildings that, stemming from basic structures, have gradually reached a whole new level of “intentionality” and “critical consciousness”. As happened with basic buildings, the operational architectural knowledge method we hereby suggest leads to the creation of a multi-layered analysis framework. Indeed, the observation and interpretation of building elements determines the shape, structure and purpose of public buildings. The aim was to create a manual enabling the understanding of specialised buildings following a “processual-typology” methodology. Better understanding of the evolution of a cultural area’s anthropic elements is an architect’s basic tool for an ethical, landscape-friendly approach to design.
The beginning of the Greek revival in the West is generally attributed to the teaching of the Byzantine scholar Manuel Chrysoloras in Florence between 1397 and 1400. Causes, aspects, and consequences of this important cultural phenomenon still need to be analyzed in depth. The essays collected in this volume examine the development of the study of Greek from the fifteenth to the early sixteenth century, reconstructing its spread and impact on early modern literatures, philosophy, and visual arts. An analysis of the methods and tools used to teach and learn Greek sheds light on the complex cultural relationships between Byzantium and the West and enlarges the traditional picture of the Greek revival in early modern Europe. Contributors are: Lilia Campana, Federica Ciccolella, Mariarosa Cortesi, Francesco G. Giannachi, Fevronia Nousia, Kalle Lundahl, Erika Nuti, Denis Robichaud, Antonio Rollo, Luigi Silvano, David Speranzi, and Paola Tomé.
The book is devoted to new and classical results of the theory of linear partial differential operators in Gevrey spaces. The “microlocal approach” is adopted, by using pseudo-differential operators, wave front sets and Fourier integral operators.Basic results for Schwartz-distributions, c∞ and analytic classes are also included, concerning hypoellipticity, solvability and propagation of singularities.Also included is a self-contained exposition of the calculus of the pseudo-differential operators of infinite order.
“Luigi’s life of public service is not only impressive quantitatively; the quality of his contribution to the conduct of diplomacy in this Hemisphere has been outstanding, indeed historic.” Henry A. Kissinger
Their mission was humble and simple: to reach the poor country people, who suffered from ignorance of their faith, a debased clergy, and poverty. In response, Vincent De Paul defined the vocation of his “Little Company” as preaching local missions for free, educating the clergy, and working to relieve the people’s poverty. Soon, however, this vocation was complicated by commands to minister to royal families, including Louis xiv of France and the kings and queens of Poland, which would embroil the Vincentians in international and ecclesiastical politics. In addition, they would begin dangerous foreign missions, such as ministering to the Christian captives of the Barbary pirates, the debased colonists and rebellious natives of Madagascar, and the vendetta-prone Corsicans. For the first time, modern readers have a thoroughly researched history based on original documents and the studies of numerous scholars, past and present. It portrays the Vincentians’ daily lives and describes their failings as well as their exalted acts of heroism. It also details the social and political milieus that conditioned their lives and work. It is an important, down-to-earth side of history not often told.
The increasing concern for the continuous release into the environment of emerging contaminants from diffuse and point sources (such as urban wastewater treatment plants), arouses high interest in technical and scientific community. The characterization of pollution sources and contamination pathways, natural degradation in surface water, disinfection by-products (NDMA) formation in drinking water, emerging contaminants removal by wastewater treatment processes (biological processes, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and solar driven AOPs) to control their release into the environment as well as to make wastewater reuse safer, are all issues specifically addressed in this book by internationally recognised experts from research and academic institutions. This book can be an useful tool for investigators and practitioners to approach the problem of the control of emerging contaminants spreading into the environment.
This book describes conflicts inside four organizations: a corporation, a hospital unit, a training institute, and a school. It explains what solutions were recommended and stresses the importance of communication to create good working conditions in the organizations.
It also examines the apparently 'unconventional' methods at times used by the governments of Argentina, Brazil, and Peru to achieve privatization."--Jacket.
Prompted by the 'linguistic turn' of the late 20th century, intellectual and conceptual historians continue to devote a great deal of attention to the study of concepts in history. This innovative and interdisciplinary volume builds on such scholarship by providing a new history of the term 'economy'. Starting from the Greek idea of the law of the household, Luigi Alonzi traces the different meanings assumed by the word 'economy' during the middle ages and early modern era, highlighting the semantic richness of the word and its uses in various political and cultural contexts. Notably, there is a particular focus on the so-called Oeconomica literature, tracking the reception of works by Plato, Aristotle, the 'pseudo' Aristotle and Xenophon in the Italian and France Renaissance. This tradition was incredibly influential in civic humanism and in texts devoted to power and command and thus affected later debates on Natural Law and the development of new scientific disciplines in the 17th and 18th centuries. In exploring this, the analysis of the function of translations in the transmission and transformation of meanings becomes central. 'Economy' in European History shines much-needed light on an important challenge that many historians repeatedly face: the fact that words can, and do, change over time. It will thus be a vital resource for all scholars of early modern and European economic history.
Data centers consume roughly 1% of the total electricity demand, while ICT as a whole consumes around 10%. Demand is growing exponentially and, left unchecked, will grow to an estimated increase of 20% or more by 2030. This book covers the energy consumption and minimization of the different data center components when running real workloads, taking into account the types of instructions executed by the servers. It presents the different air- and liquid-cooled technologies for servers and data centers with some real examples, including waste heat reuse through adsorption chillers, as well as the hardware and software used to measure, model and control energy. It computes and compares the Power Usage Effectiveness and the Total Cost of Ownership of new and existing data centers with different cooling designs, including free cooling and waste heat reuse leading to the Energy Reuse Effectiveness. The book concludes by demonstrating how a well-designed data center reusing waste heat to produce chilled water can reduce energy consumption by roughly 50%, and how renewable energy can be used to create net-zero energy data centers.
We live all our lives surrounded by sounds. Sounds are communication and aggression, emotions and alienation, art and...pollution. Creating sound landscapes means becoming aware of the existence of an individual acoustic space and learning how to enjoy it while respecting other people's spaces. How? By developing an aesthetic sensitivity that will allow us to distinguish quality sounds from noises that damage our health; by building a new ecologic conscience to correct compromised environments; by listening... and not just to music.
The relentless exploitation of the earth's resources and technologys boundless growth are a matter of urgent concern. When did this race towards the limitless begin? The Greeks, who shaped the basis of Western thinking, lived in mortal fear of humanity's hidden hunger for the infinite and referred to it as hubris, the one true sin in their moral code. Whoever desired or possessed too much was implacably punished by nemesis, yet the Greeks themselves were to pioneer an unprecedented level of ambition that began to reverse that tabu. If it is true that no culture can truly repudiate its origins, and that gods who are no longer potent can vanish but still leave behind a body of myth which coninues to live and assert itself in modernized garb, then our concern with the limits of growth reflects something more than an awareness of new technological problems - it also brings to light a psychic wound a a feeling of guilt which are infinitely more ancient.
This volume contains a collection of studies that survey recent research in developmental linguistics, illustrating the fruitful interaction between comparative syntax and language acquisition. The contributors each analyse a well defined range of acquisition data, aiming to derive them from primitive differences between child and adult grammar. The book covers cross-linguistic and cross-categorial phenomena, shedding light on major developments in this novel and rapidly growing field. Extensions to second language acquisition and neuropathology are also suggested.
This study edition of Blum and Rolandi's successful book addresses those students who want to begin to understand particle detection and drift chambers, by providing a solid foundation for judging the achievable accuracy for coordinate and ionization measurements. It covers topics such as gas ionization by particles and by laser rays; the drift of electrons and ions in gases; electrostatics of wire grids and field cages; amplification of ionization; creation of the signal track parameters and their errors; ion gates; particle identification by measurement of ionization; existing chambers; drift chamber gas. The topics are treated in a text-book style with many figures, together with explicitly performed calculations.
This volume examines the Italian peninsula in the early Middle Ages by focusing on research fields such as ethnic identity, memory, and use of the past. Particular attention is devoted to the way some authors were influenced by their own ‘present’ in their reconstruction of the past. The political and cultural fragmentation of Italy during the early Middles Ages, created by the Lombards’ invasion of a part of the Peninsula in the late-sixth century and early-seventh century, Charlemagne’s conquest of a part of the Lombard Kingdom in 774, and by the weakening of the Byzantine Empire in the eighth and ninth centuries, make this part of Europe a special area for exploring continuities and discontinuities between the Roman and the post-Roman periods in Western Europe. Across the volume, Berto examines the problems that the features of primary sources and their scarcity pose to their interpretations. Ethnic Identity, Memory, and Use of the Past in Italy’s ‘Dark Ages’ is the ideal resource for upper level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in the relationship between Italy and Europe during the Middle Ages.
Countless children throughout the world grow up without fathers. In this revised and updated edition of The Father, accompanied by a new preface, Luigi Zoja studies the reasons for this and assesses the contribution of this phenomenon to social and psychological problems. Using examples from classical antiquity to the present day, Zoja views the origins and evolution of the father from a Jungian perspective. He argues that the father’s role in bringing up children is a social construction that has been subject to change throughout history, and goes on to examine the consequences and consider the crisis facing fatherhood today. No other existing book faces the subject of fatherhood from such a broad and multidisciplinary perspective. Covering these issues from historical, sociological and psychological points of view, this revised edition of The Father includes a complete reworking of the final part of the book, focusing on the condition of the father in today’s globalized world, and with a particular look at the role historical trauma and grief play in family relationships. The book will be of special interest to analytical psychologists and Jungian psychotherapists in practice and in training, academics and students of Jungian and post-Jungian studies, sociology, anthropology, gender studies, and history.
To believe and to know, faith and science; only liberty can cordinate these two supreme ideas, destined to diverge, to meet, to contradict each other, ideas which on account of this very divergence, this contradiction and this agreement, underlie the organic evolution of progress and civilization. -from God in Freedom LUIGI LUZZATTI; ALFONSO ARBIB-COSTA (TRANSLATOR) (1841-1927) was a scholar of tremendous erudition and authority; an expert in economics, law, and politics; a champion of religious freedom in Italy-and a triumphant one: he was the nation's first Jewish prime minister, serving from 1910 to 1911. Just before that groundbreaking civil victory, though, in 1909, he achieved his other great success: the publication of his God in Freedom. Greatly expanded for its first English-language edition (of which this volume is a replica) God in Freedom is one of the most comprehensive and historically important discourses on religious liberty ever written. Luzzatti explores the battle for intellectual and philosophical independence from its pre-Christian proponents in the Far East to the movements in his day to keep civic life free of pious influence in the United Kingdom, Europe, and America. Saint Francis of Assisi and the Ku Klux Klan, the Buddha and Darwin...all are present here, and others; too, whose thoughts and actions have tested the boundaries between civic and religious life. This is a history of faith and freedom that is itself a cry for tolerance, openness, and careful separation of the secular and the sacred.
Thyroid Diseases: Clinical Fundamentals and Therapy provides a wide-ranging examination of all clinically significant areas of thyroid diseases. Underlying physiological principles are closely linked to the clinical situation and practical therapeutic interventions. The book examines the clinical course, therapy, and final outcome of thyroid diseases, particularly the bimodal and transient evolution of several thyroid diseases. It also discusses the medical, surgical, and radiometabolic therapy of thyroid diseases, stressing the pros and cons of each therapeutic modality. More than 80 acknowledged experts from North America, Europe, and Japan have contributed to this exceptional reference volume, making it essential for physiologists, clinical endocrinologists, radiologists, researchers in nuclear medicine, oncologists, and radiotherapists.
The History of Painting in Italy Vol-2" by Luigi Lanzi is a comprehensive and insightful exploration of Italian painting during a specific period in art history. In this volume, Lanzi delves into the rich artistic landscape of Italy, examining the significant developments and notable painters of the period. Lanzi provides a detailed analysis of various artistic movements, styles, and techniques that emerged during this time. He explores the works of renowned Italian painters, discussing their contributions to the art world and their impact on subsequent generations. The author offers an in-depth examination of notable paintings, unraveling their historical and cultural contexts while providing critical insights into their artistic merits. Lanzi's engaging narrative sheds light on the societal, political, and cultural factors that influenced Italian painting during the period covered in this volume. This volume is an essential resource for art historians, scholars, and art enthusiasts seeking a comprehensive understanding of Italian painting.
Luigi Burzio's Principles of English Stress challenges many of the assumptions that have underpinned the generative description of English stress and more generally 'standard' metrical theory. Central to Burzio's analysis is a novel typology of metrical constituents that includes ternary feet and excludes monosyllabic feet. The analysis is essentially nonderivational in character: principles of well-formedness check for the presence of stress and weight in the output. The principles themselves are organized into a hierarchy consisting of a hardcore-controlling foot form that in cases of conflict may override principles of metrical consistency and alignment of edges. The interplay among these competing principles accounts for the cyclic effects of the standard theory. A special role is accorded phonetically null syllables that analyse hidden metrical structure to preserve a simple foot inventory and sharply curtail the standard theory's extrametricality.
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