This paper looks at the effects of International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending programs on banking crises in a large sample of developing countries, over the period 1970-2010. The endogeneity of the IMF intervention is addressed by adopting an instrumental variable strategy and a propensity score matching estimator. Controlling for the standard determinants of banking crises, our results indicate that countries participating in IMF-supported lending programs are significantly less likely to experience a future banking crisis than nonborrowing countries. We also provide evidence suggesting that compliance with conditionality and loan size matter.
What is exactly “Safety”? A safety system should be defined as a system that will not endanger human life or the environment. A safety-critical system requires utmost care in their specification and design in order to avoid possible errors in their implementation that should result in unexpected system’s behavior during his operating “life”. An inappropriate method could lead to loss of life, and will almost certainly result in financial penalties in the long run, whether because of loss of business or because the imposition of fines. Risks of this kind are usually managed with the methods and tools of the “safety engineering”. A life-critical system is designed to 9 lose less than one life per billion (10 ). Nowadays, computers are used at least an order of magnitude more in safety-critical applications compared to two decades ago. Increasingly electronic devices are being used in applications where their correct operation is vital to ensure the safety of the human life and the environment. These application ranging from the anti-lock braking systems (ABS) in automobiles, to the fly-by-wire aircrafts, to biomedical supports to the human care. Therefore, it is vital that electronic designers be aware of the safety implications of the systems they develop. State of the art electronic systems are increasingly adopting progr- mable devices for electronic applications on earthling system. In particular, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices are becoming very interesting due to their characteristics in terms of performance, dimensions and cost.
Since Harvey Cushing's extensive study on brain meningiomas no similar study has been conducted on spinal cord meningiomas. The high scientific value of this book is based on the careful elaboration of data from patients affected by spinal meningiomas who have been examined and operated on over the last 33 years (1962-1995) at the Neurosurgical School of the University of Florence, Italy. The main focus of this study was on the anatomic and clinical relationship that enabled early diagnosis of spinal meningiomas. More over this book emphasizes the interaction between neurology and neuroradiology in the form of "dynamic neurology". Myeloradiculographic findings are described together with those using more recent techniques such as CT and MRI.
The construction techniques and concepts of the cathedrals of Pisa, Siena and Florence are examined in detail, based on new data and using a methodological architectural diagnostics approach. New detailed surveys, carried out using often advanced tools, together with direct and in-depth inspections to examine all parts of the buildings, have enabled us to identify the building phases and the different construction techniques used over time. The information thereby acquired also formed the basis for a new interpretation of the archival documents. Accordingly, the problems encountered and the solutions adopted in the three cathedrals have been understood: in Pisa the construction of the elliptical dome above the rectangular crossing consisting of six thin pillars below; in Siena the design changes from the first system in the 13th century to the ‘Duomo Nuovo’, and the structural adaptations following earthquakes; the specific construction solutions adopted in Florence during the instability encountered in the construction of the large vaults of the basilican body. The comparison of the three buildings in terms of architectural and construction solutions also revealed unexpected relationships between the construction events of Siena’s Duomo Nuovo and the solutions then used in the large basilican body of Santa Maria del Fiore. The methodology employed has led to an understanding of the actual structure of the three cathedrals, an essential basis for a correct evaluation of the state of conservation of the churches for any restoration work. The book is aimed at scholars of architecture and ancient building structures, graduate and postgraduate students, and architects and engineers who plan architectural conservation and strengthening works for historical buildings.
Comics icon Mirka Andolfo presents an all-new vision for the She-Devil With a Sword in a thrilling new adventure! Our story begins in a village on fire, set by members of the dreaded Three-Eyed Shezem. When Red Sonja arrives, the only survivor of the flame is a lively child with curious white tattoos. The child will become Sonja’s travel companion, on a journey from hardened ice to imposing forests, where dangerous secrets wait to be revealed... Begin a trailblazing adventure with Mirka Andolfo (Unnatural Mercy) and incredible artist Giuseppe Cafaro (Suicide Squad)!
The rapid increase in international trade and financial integration over the past decade and the growing importance of emerging markets in world trade and GDP have inspired the IMF to place stronger emphasis on multilateral surveillance, macro-financial linkages, and the implications of globalization. The IMF's Consultative Group on Exchange Rate Issues (CGER)--formed in the mid-1990s to provide exchange rate assessments for a number of advanced economies from a multilateral perspective--has therefore broadened its mandate to cover both key advanced economies and major emerging market economies. This Occasional Paper summarizes the methodologies that underpin the expanded analysis.
The Art of Objects explores the experimental encounter of arts and industry in Italy at the turn of the 20th century, tracing the origins of the Italian culture of design in the social and aesthetic construction of the age's most iconic industrial objects.
Engagingly written and profusely illustrated, this book offers readers a close-up “view from the scaffolding” of some of the greatest Renaissance wall paintings at the Vatican. Beginning in the late 1400s, the greatest artists of Renaissance Italy were summoned to Rome, where they decorated the walls and ceilings of the Vatican. Expert restorer Maurizio De Luca spent his forty-year career in the Vatican Museums, including fifteen years as head restorer of the Painting Restoration Laboratory. He personally oversaw some of the most important restorations of the last half century, including wall paintings by Perugino, Botticelli, and others on the walls of the Sistine Chapel; the Pintoricchio wall paintings in the Borgia Apartments; the Raphael Rooms; and the last two frescoes by Michelangelo, in the Pauline Chapel at the Apostolic Palace. In this accessible and copiously illustrated book, De Luca conveys the kind of knowledge that can only be derived from close personal observation. The reader is offered a stunningly intimate perspective that illuminates the distinctive expressive challenges, choices, and techniques of each artist and demonstrates how the conservation process enriches the understanding and interpretation of these iconic works.
The most up-to-date, comprehensives single-volume guide to adult, congenital, and general cardiothoracic surgery -- from many of the foremost experts in the field Developed by authorities from leading-edge cardiothoracic surgical training programs, this much-needed reference succinctly reviews a wide-range of important topics in cardiothoracic surgery. The Johns Hopkins Manual of Cardiothoracic Surgery is especially timely given the recent development of many new scientific findings and emerging technologies. You'll find it filled with precise information on surgical techniques and pre-and postoperative strategies for managing cardiothoracic disease. In this time-saving sourcebook, you'll get an in-depth look at the full spectrum of disorders and their surgical (and medical) management options, including congenital, acquired, and neoplastic diseases. Supporting this detailed coverage is an easy-to-navigate format featuring focused tables and outline-formatted bullets, along with step-by-step explanations of the most complex operations. Features: Thorough coverage of all major areas of cardiothoracic surgery-perfect for cardiothoracic surgery fellows getting ready for Board review exams (oral and written), and cardiothoracic surgeons preparing for Board certification or recertification Skill-building perspectives on open, minimally invasive, and endovascular surgical procedures-complete with relevant surgical anatomy Indications and techniques for heart and lung transplantation Balanced, detailed presentation of both pediatric and adult patient care issues Innovative chapters on surgical ventricular remodeling, endovascular repair of thoracic aortic pathologies, correction of complex congenital defects, and thoracic oncology that reflect the most promising new surgical technologies “Key Concepts” boxes throughout focus on important “take-home” messages of chapter topics Expert authorship, with most chapters written by current or past faculty and trainees from The John Hopkins Hospital
THE LANDMARK GUIDE TO ADULT CARDIAC, CONGENITAL CARDIAC, AND GENERAL THORACIC SURGERY--COMPLETELY UPDATED AND REVISED IN FULL COLOR An essential guide for daily clinical practice and a thorough review for the cardiothoracic boards, Johns Hopkins Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery is filled with authoritative guidance on surgical techniques and pre- and postoperative strategies for managing cardiothoracic disease. The content of this trusted classic reflects the rapidly changing field of cardiothoracic surgery. In addition to the basic curriculum required for certification, you will find coverage of advanced concepts, controversial issues, and new technologies. Johns Hopkins Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery provides an in-depth look at the full-spectrum of disorders and their surgical and medical management options, including congenital, acquired, and neoplastic diseases. Supporting this detailed coverage is an easy-to-navigate design and step-by-step explanations of the most complex operations. THE SECOND EDITION IS HIGHLIGHTED BY: NEW board review Q&A Ten NEW chapters including: Surgical Therapies for Atrial Fibrillation, Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease, and Stem Cells for Cardiac Surgical Disease NEW full-color illustrations An increased number of decision-making flow charts that will prove valuable when preparing for cases and examinations Key Concepts that highlight epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic and treatment strategies, and outcomes for each topic NOTE: This book was previously known as the Johns Hopkins Manual of Cardiothoracic Surgery but the second edition has been renamed to better reflect its scope and comprehensive nature.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.