A powerful look at the changing cultural understanding of postpartum depression in America. New motherhood is often seen as a joyful moment in a woman’s life; for some women, it is also their lowest moment. For much of the twentieth century, popular and medical voices blamed women who had emotional and mental distress after childbirth for their own suffering. By the end of the century, though, women with postpartum mental illnesses sought to take charge of this narrative. In Blue: A History of Postpartum Depression in America, Rachel Louise Moran explores the history of the naming and mainstreaming of postpartum depression. Coalitions of maverick psychiatrists, psychologists, and women who themselves had survived substantial postpartum distress fought to legitimize and normalize women’s experiences. They argued that postpartum depression is an objective and real illness and fought to avoid it being politicized alongside other fraught medical and political battles over women’s health. Based on insightful oral histories and in-depth archival research, Blue reveals a secret history of American motherhood, women’s political activism, and the rise of postpartum depression advocacy amid an often-censorious conservative culture. By breaking new ground with the first book-length history of postpartum mental illness in the twentieth century, Moran brings mothers’ battles with postpartum depression out of the shadows and into the light.
Surveys reveal that domestic abuse is more commonplace among teenagers and young adults than older populations, yet surprisingly little is written about young men’s involvement in it. Reporting on a three-year study based in the UK, this book explores young men’s involvement in domestic abuse, whether as victims, perpetrators or witnesses to violent behaviors between adults. Original survey data, focus group material and in-depth biographical interviews are used to make the case for a more thoroughgoing engagement with the meanings young men come to attribute to violent behavior, include the tendency among many to configure violence within families as "fights" that call for acts of male heroism. The book also highlights the dearth of services interventions for young men prone to domestic abuse, and the challenges of developing responsive practice in this area. Each section of the book highlights further online resources that those looking to conduct research in this area or apply its insights in practice can draw upon.
This is a practical guide for nurses and other health care professionals who wish to transform their health care systems through the promotion of caring values. It describes a model created by nurses to transform the culture of health care systems at all levels, and features specific strategies for planning and instituting change. A cornerstone of this approach is the engagement of the leadership team in implementing change and promoting intra- and inter-professional dialogue. At its most basic level, this model, the Dance of Caring Persons, expresses the fundamental beliefs that each person in the health care system cares meaningfully in unique and valuable ways, and the contributions of each person are significant to the whole of the enterprise. The book features examples of how various units of the health care system can successfully apply specific strategies to their work and describes in detail how to engage and sustain authentic dialogue among and between stakeholders. The book also includes a timetable to change a culture as well as practical strategies for transforming the organizational mission, leadership structures and processes, communication, and outcomes of the system. Chapters feature information from a variety of health professionals. The book reflects the interests of such major stakeholders as patients, families, nurses, physicians and other providers, administrators, and managers. Chapters include questions to consider and suggested resources to help with implementation of strategies. The text incorporates professional standards and essentials from The Joint Commission, ANCC, and AACN (DNP).
This valuable textbook provides an accessible, pragmatic how-to guide for using participatory methods in research. Providing practical advice, real-world examples, and packed with reflective questions, top tips and suggested further reading, this book will be an essential resource for students and researchers alike.
The second edition of this acclaimed book continues to provide a discussion of key theoretical and policy issues in corporate finance law. Fully updated, it reflects developments in the law and the markets in the continuing aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis. One of its distinctive features is that it gives equal coverage to both the equity and debt sides of corporate finance law, and seeks, where possible, to compare the two. This book covers a broad range of topics regarding the debt and equity-raising choices of companies of all sizes, from SMEs to the largest publicly traded enterprises, and the mechanisms by which those providing capital are protected. Each chapter analyses the present law critically so as to enable the reader to understand the difficulties, risks and tensions in this area of law, and the attempts made by the legislature and the courts, as well as the parties involved, to deal with them. This book will be of interest to practitioners, academics and students engaged in the practice and study of corporate finance law.
The Best-Ever Practical Guide to Biological Control. This book will help you find, identify, and use natural enemies to control pests in almost any agricultural crop, garden, or landscape. First use the handy Quick Guide feature to locate natural enemies. Then go to the main text for clear, detailed information. 180 high-quality color photographs and 140 expertly rendered drawings show hundreds of predators, parasites, and pathogens that attack pest insects, mites, nematodes, plant pathogens, and weeds. References, suppliers, and a comprehensive index make this an indispensable sourcebook for growers, pest control advisers, landscape professionals, home gardeners, and pest management teachers and students.
This intersectional study provides fresh insights into the complex networks of migrants. More than 200 interviews with people following multiple routes over eight decades help to illustrate how social support and trust are developed, how networks evolve over time, and how they impact the opportunities and obstacles migrants encounter.
Between 1836 and 1846, Peter Force published four volumes entitled Tracts and Other Papers, Relating Principally to the Origin, Settlement, and Progress of the Colonies in North America, a compilation of reprints of rare pamphlets pertaining to colonial history. This particular volume, the third in the series, focuses on Virginia. Documents from 1610 to 1688 range over an eclectic mix of topics, including lists of official proclamations and laws, names of ships and men sent to colonize Virginia, descriptions of local birds and wildlife, and tips on how to increase the number of mulberry trees and breed silkworms.
Much has changed since the first book Paediatric Oncology: Acute Nursing Care (1999), therefore, this new edition encompasses these changes in relation to the practice itself and the evidence that underpins it. Emphasis is placed on ensuring terminology is accurate, in keeping with the language of the current day. The book is divided into six sections: Chemotherapy, Haematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation, General Surgery, Radiotherapy, Late Effects of cancer therapies, and Palliative Care. There is a brief commentary at the end of each section/chapter by a ‘novice’ author but experienced practitioner, highlighting to the reader what is already known and what the section/chapter adds to their current knowledge and practice.
Trusted resource for students and educators in Australia and New Zealand Mosby’s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Health Professions Australian and New Zealand edition is an established and acclaimed reference guide suitable for all students and clinicians wanting current, accurate definitions of medical terms. The fourth edition has been updated to reflect the latest changes in healthcare terminology, and retains the comprehensiveness, clarity and currency that readers expect from the Mosby Dictionary. It provides full coverage of nearly 40,000 terms as well as images, tables, graphs and an anatomy and physiology atlas for deeper insight into complex concepts. This resource is an ideal support for students throughout their studies in medicine, nursing and the broader health professions, and will remain a definitive reference for all clinicians who understand the importance of accurate terminology for better patient care. • Nearly 40,000 clear, precise entries –updated to take in recent healthcare developments to support study and research use • Over 2,000 high quality images and a detailed colour anatomy atlas to enhance comprehension • More than 30 medical and health specialties represented – suitable for all healthcare students, educators and clinicians • Local spelling conventions and phonetic pronunciation guides throughout – suitable for readers in Australia and New Zealand • Etymologies revised to ensure currency • Comprehensive entries for numerous drugs and medications • Useful appendices, including normal laboratory values for adults and children, units of measurement, nutrition guidelines, assessment guides, immunisation schedules, infection control and herb-drug interactions • An eBook included with print purchase
Lynch mobs in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America exacted horrifying public torture and mutilation on their victims. In Lynching and Spectacle, Amy Wood explains what it meant for white Americans to perform and witness these sadistic spectacles and how lynching played a role in establishing and affirming white supremacy. Lynching, Wood argues, overlapped with a variety of cultural practices and performances, both traditional and modern, including public executions, religious rituals, photography, and cinema, all which encouraged the horrific violence and gave it social acceptability. However, she also shows how the national dissemination of lynching images ultimately fueled the momentum of the antilynching movement and the decline of the practice. Using a wide range of sources, including photos, newspaper reports, pro- and antilynching pamphlets, early films, and local city and church records, Wood reconfigures our understanding of lynching's relationship to modern life. Wood expounds on the critical role lynching spectacles played in establishing and affirming white supremacy at the turn of the century, particularly in towns and cities experiencing great social instability and change. She also shows how the national dissemination of lynching images fueled the momentum of the antilynching movement and ultimately led to the decline of lynching. By examining lynching spectacles alongside both traditional and modern practices and within both local and national contexts, Wood reconfigures our understanding of lynching's relationship to modern life.
This volume provides theory and research on organizational change and predominantly features the application of these ideas to the health care domain, broadly defined. It addresses enduring issues in advancing to an effective health care system. The aim of this book is to offer an accessible and readable text aimed at provoking thought and questioning, and aiding creativity. It proffers arguments and ideas which are firmly based in empirical data and evidence, so that the reader may make informed personal evaluations. This book is designed to furnish a comprehensive theoretical basis for understanding organizational change in health care, as well as selected core issues of contemporary and future importance to the provision of effective care within sustainable systems. A series of coherent themes are addressed throughout the book from differing perspectives. However, every chapter has been written to standalone and be read independently. Each offers resources relevant to its’ focal topic, in the form of references, case studies and critique. Setting out a future research agenda, the book will be vital reading for organizational change researchers and practitioners in the healthcare industry.
Travel writing has a long history, the accounts as varied as the reasons why people travel.Although most travel publications of the eighteenth century were written by men, those by women, perhaps most famously Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, were also widely read. The Travel Journals of Henrietta Marchant Liston: North America & Lower Canada, 1796–1800 consists of the nine journals that Mrs. Liston kept while she and her husband Robert Liston, the minister from Great Britain (1796-1800), resided in Philadelphia, at that time the capital of the United States. Mrs. Liston wrote her journals (which, with one exception, have never been published) for her personal use as an aide-memoire to share with family and friends. To experience this middle-aged woman’s adventurous spirit as she and her husband travel as far south as Charleston, South Carolina and as far north as Quebec, Canada—long before the transportation conveniences and superhighways of modern-day travel—can only be termed amazing. Full of zest, her writing abounds with “you-are-there” moments. Mrs. Liston was genuinely curious about the New World: she wanted to learn about the different regions, to interact with the people who lived there, and to visit its natural wonders. She was astonished by the variety of the North American landscape, particularly its flora. Each journal has an introduction to put Mrs. Liston’s narrative in historical context. She is an intelligent and discerning guide to the eastern part of North America at a time of territorial expansion, of dispossession of Indian Nations from their territories by settlers, and of international upheavals. She and Robert Liston, a seasoned diplomat, observed and participated in the tumultuous events of the last years of the eighteenth century: the resignation of President George Washington and the orderly transfer of power to the next elected president; the “Quasi War” with France; and the rise of the political party system, to name but a few. Mrs. Liston’s description of their friendship with President and Mrs. Washington is clear-eyed as well as deeply appreciative, bringing those historical figures to life. Mrs. Liston’s engaging writing will win the hearts of all readers. For more on this topic, please visit the author's website at www.inthewordsofwomen.com. NEW from the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, a video about Henrietta M. and Robert Liston in the United States: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1kQTNScjiA. Also see the new website for digitized images and transcriptions of Mrs. Liston’s journals: http://digital.nls.uk/travels-of-henrietta-liston/.
A practical guide for teachers who want to improve relationships with the parents of their students. Presents jargon-free & solution based approaches to collaboration, drawing on inherent strengths present in every person. Author from Flinders University, South Australia.
Possession by Spirits. Stories of spirit possession come to us from earliest recorded history. Modern science typically has looked on these reports as the product of ignorance and superstition. Modern science may be wrong. It may, in fact, be changing its mind.
Originally emanating from presentations at an international conference, this text brings together research and practice development from three perspectives: practice, management and education. Within these three sections the book presents a series of chapters written mainly by practitioners, but some in collaboration with academics. At the end of each section there is a commentary by a practitioner, manager or researcher, which aims to offer a helpful critique on the papers in their section, guiding the reader to consider other areas of research and practice development. At a time when practitioners are being called to produce and use evidence in their practice, this book should offer a valuable contribution to that evidence base.
In an effort to escape the oppression of his older brother, Johnny, a farm boy growing up during the Great Depression, disappears into the night. He hops a freight train heading west with only an address he has ripped from a bag of seed corn in his pocket, and his meager savings hidden in his sock. After tasting life in the hobo jungles, he finds employment on a farm in the mid-West. When the love of his life leaves for college, he decides to return home to finish his own education. Though welcomed warmly by his family, he becomes guilt ridden upon the discovery of the tragedies his disappearance brought about. As a young adult, Johnny assumes responsibility for his family and becomes first a mentor, then a pal to his young neighbor. The story is colored by mystery, romance, and anxiety, as the Great Depression dissipates and the country is thrown into World War II. Johnnys fiancee and his young neighbor both enlist in the armed services. Actual letters from the war front confirm the loneliness and despair of those separated from their loved ones, and their eagerness at wars end to leave the memories of the battlefields behind, pick up where they left off, and start new families.
In the past two decades, Australia has been the site of major police misconduct scandals and inquiries, leading to reform initiatives at the cutting edge of police integrity management practices. Presenting interviews with key informants and an analysis of key documents, Police Integrity Management in Australia: Global Lessons for Combating Police Misconduct offers a comprehensive study, conducted from 2008 to 2010, of strategies and systems in Australia. Providing a rare overview and critique of a full suite of policies, institutions, and programs adopted to combat misconduct in policing, this volume: Outlines the global problem of police misconduct and its effects Summarizes current knowledge about best practices in the field, the reality of corruption in Australia, and the reform agenda that has driven major change and experimentation Presents current integrity strategies in place in Australia, covering the rationales, evidence of effectiveness, and difficulties Explores undercover stings, drug and alcohol testing, mediation of complaints, ethics training, and regulating the police use of force Organized logically for ease of navigation, each chapter contains an "Emerging Issues" section, highlighting some of the more promising and/or innovative integrity strategies as well as looming concerns and ethical issues. The book concludes with an overall evaluation of the data presented in the body of the book, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the Australian system and the implications for adoption of these strategies in other police departments around the world.
The American poet and essayist Louise Imogen Guiney was a prominent figure of the Boston literary circle of her day. She is chiefly known for her lyrical, Old English-style poems, recalling the conventions of seventeenth-century poetry. Informed by her religious faith, Guiney's works exhibit a concern for the Catholic tradition, while emphasising moral rectitude and heroic gallantry. By the end of the nineteenth century, Guiney was regarded as a major contributor to American literature. In later years, she turned to scholarship, concentrating on neglected poets. The Delphi Poets Series offers readers the works of literature’s finest poets, with superior formatting. This volume presents Guiney’s complete works, with numerous illustrations and the usual Delphi bonus material. (Version 1) * Beautifully illustrated with images relating to Guiney’s life and works * Concise introduction to Guiney’s life and poetry * Images of how the poetry books were first printed, giving your eReader a taste of the original texts * Excellent formatting of the poems * Special chronological and alphabetical contents tables for the poetry * Easily locate the poems you want to read * Includes Guiney’s complete prose works * Features a bonus biography by the poet’s close friend Alice Brown — discover Guiney’s literary life * Ordering of texts into chronological order and literary genres Please visit www.delphiclassics.com to see our wide range of poet titles CONTENTS: The Life and Poetry of Louise Imogen Guiney Brief Introduction: Louise Imogen Guiney Songs at the Start (1884) The White Sail and Other Poems (1887) A Roadside Harp (1893) Nine Sonnets Written at Oxford (1895) Poems from ‘Robert Louis Stevenson: A Study’ (1895) England and Yesterday (1898) The Martyrs’ Idyl and Shorter Poems (1899) Happy Ending (1909) The Poems List of Poems in Chronological Order List of Poems in Alphabetical Order The Fiction Brownies and Bogles (1888) Lovers’ Saint Ruth’s and Three Other Tales (1895) The Non-Fiction Goose-Quill Papers (1885) Monsieur Henri (1892) Martha Hilton (1894) A Little English Gallery (1895) Patrins (1897) James Clarence Mangan (1897) Hurrell Froude (1904) Robert Emmet (1904) Thomas Stanley (1907) Blessed Edmund Campion (1908) Contributions to ‘Catholic Encyclopedia’ (1913) The Biography Louise Imogen Guiney (1921) by Alice Brown Please visit www.delphiclassics.com to browse through our range of poetry titles or buy the entire Delphi Poets Series as a Super Set
Owing its origins to Lord Trenchard’s desire to establish an elite corps of civilians who would serve their country in flying squadrons during their spare time, the Auxiliary Air Force (AAF) was first formed in October 1924. Today, the Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF) is the primary reinforcement capability for the regular RAF. It consists of paid volunteers who, at weekends, evenings and holidays, train to support the RAF, particularly in times of national emergency and conflict. This has seen the AAF play important roles in the Battle of Britain, its squadrons claiming 30 per cent of enemy ‘kills’. Other notable achievements by AAF pilots include the first German aircraft destroyed over the British mainland and its territorial waters, the first U-boat to be destroyed with the aid of airborne radar, the first destruction of a V-1 flying bomb, and an AAF squadron claimed the highest score of any British night fighter squadron. It was an AAF squadron which was the first to be equipped with jet-powered aircraft. Receiving ‘Royal’ status in 1947 in recognition of its contribution to victory in the Second World War, the RAuxAF also came to the fore during the Cold War providing home defense as the regular squadrons were shipped to hotspots around the world. In more recent times, squadrons and personnel of the RAuxAF have seen action in Iraq and Afghanistan This book presents, for the first time, the history and development of all the squadrons and units that made up the Auxiliary and the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, including the Balloon Squadrons, the Maritime Headquarters Units, Fighter Control and Radar Reporting Units, Royal Auxiliary Air Force Regiments and of course the Women’s Auxiliary Air Force. These devoted warriors continue to serve alongside the regular forces in defense of the United Kingdom, ready to be called into action whenever their country is in time of need.
One day Colin is feeling rather sad as he can't clean his teeth. He usually frightens the other animals, so no-one will help him. What will Colin do? A beautifully illustrated picturebook that will delight parents and children alike.
This fascinating study examines Samuel Richardson's letters as important works of authorial self-fashioning. It analyses the development of his epistolary style; the links between his own letter-writing practice and that of his fictional protagonists; how his correspondence is highly conscious of the spectrum of publicity; and how he constructed his letter collections to form an epistolary archive for posterity. Looking backwards to earlier epistolary traditions, and forwards, to the emergence of the lives-in-letters mode of biography, the book places Richardson's correspondence in a historical continuum. It explores how the eighteenth century witnesses a transition, from a period in which an author would rarely preserve personal papers to a society in which the personal lives of writers become privileged as markers of authenticity in the expanded print market. It argues that Richardson's letters are shaped by this shifting relationship between correspondence and publicity in the mid-eighteenth century.
Biology textbooks and books on the history of science generally give a limited picture of the roles women have played in the growth and development of the biological sciences, mentioning primarily the Nobel laureates. This book provides a definitive archival collection of essays on a larger group of women, profiling both their work and their lives. The volume includes 65 representative women from different countries and eras, and from as many branches of biological investigation as possible. In addition to biographical information and an evaluation of the woman's career and significance, each entry provides a full bibliographic listing of works by and about the subject. The volume includes entries on women who have gained recognition through attainment of advanced degrees despite familial and societal pressures, innovative research results, influence exerted in teaching and guidance of students, active participation and leadership in professional societies, extensive scholarly publication, participation on journal editorial boards, extensive field experience, and influence on public and political scientific policymaking. A woman was considered eligible for inclusion if she met several of these criteria. Providing a historical perspective, the book is limited to women who were born before 1930 or are deceased.
Golf continues to represent the largest sports-related travel market valued at £30 billion with over 50 million golf tourists travelling the world to play on some of the estimated 40,000 courses. Golf Tourism is the leading text for both students and practitioners and the completely updated and revised new edition discusses the latest issues
This book examines how U.S. domestic institutions stand up to global threats and whether intelligence sharing across military and civilian law enforcement barriers is legal. The U.S. Constitution is designed to distribute power in order to prevent its concentration, and in particular, it draws clear lines between the responsibilities of the military and those of civilian law enforcement. But the new global threat paradigm, requiring responses both abroad and at home, calls out for military and civilian intelligence gathering to work in tandem. The Civil-Military Divide: Obstacles to the Integration of Intelligence in the United States looks at historic and legal ramifications of such efforts. Louise Stanton's thought-provoking work sums up the current state of U.S. intelligence gathering at all levels of government. It then looks at the range of recommendations for overhauling our intelligence efforts in the context of the U.S. Constitution to assess what may or may not be constitutionally supportable. At issue are three long-established, often reaffirmed principles: the separation of powers, the federalist system that gives the U.S. government precedence over states, and the separation of the civilian and military sectors.
`This is an illuminating and topical study, which skilfully blends together theoretical and empirical analysis in search of the "citizen-consumer". It should become a key text for all with an interest in public service reform and the "choice" agenda, as well as consumerism and citizenship′ - Ruth Lister, Professor of Social Policy, University of Loughborough Political, popular and academic debates have swirled around the notion of the citizen as a consumer of public services, with public service reform increasingly geared towards a consumer society. This innovative book draws on original research with those people in the front-line of the reforms - staff, managers and users of public services - to explore their responses to this turn to consumerism. Creating Citizen-Consumers explores a range of theoretical, political, policy and practice issues that arise in the shift towards consumerism. It draws on recent controversies about choice to examine the tensions of modernising public services to meet the demands of a consumer society. The book offers a fresh and challenging understanding of the relationships between people and services, and argues for a model based on interdependence, respect and partnership rather than choice. This original book makes a distinctive contribution to debates about the future of public services. It will be of interest to those studying social policy, cultural studies, public administration and management across the social sciences, as well as for those working in public services. John Clarke is a Professor of Social Policy at the Open University. Janet Newman is a Professor of Social Policy at the Open University. Nick Smith is a Research Officer in the Personal Social Services Research Unit at the University of Kent. Elizabeth Vidler is a Project Officer in the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Open University. Louise Westmarland is a Lecturer in Criminology at the Open University.
Hondees Book of Difference is all about my God, my love, and my joy. My fear, hate, experience and my in-between makes my life a round object that rolls over and over but know when to stop.
“What is almost certainly the definitive account of the Auxiliary Air Force, the Special Reserve and the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve.” —Paul Nixon, Army Ancestry Research To date, little has been written about the Territorial Air Force as a voluntary military organization and no sustained analysis of its recruitment and social composition undertaken. Made up of three different parts, the Auxiliary Air Force, the Special Reserve and the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, these three separate and different groups have not featured significantly in existing literature. Along with a history of the Territorial Air Force, this book includes an analysis of how the volunteers joined, and what kinds of men were accepted into the organizations as both pilots and officers. The influences class and social status had on recruitment in the run up to the Second World War are also discussed. There is an exploration of the key differences between the Auxiliary squadrons and the SR squadrons, as well as the main reasons for the idea of merging the SR squadrons into the AAF squadrons. Briefly discussed are the newly formed University Air Squadrons that were set up to promote “air mindedness” and to stimulate an interest and research on matters aeronautical. Military voluntarism continued to play a key role in the defense of twentieth-century Britain, and class ceased to be the key determining factor in the recruitment of officers as the organizations faced new challenges. Within both the AAF and the RAFVR the pre-war impression of a gentlemen’s flying club finally gave way to a more meritocratic culture in the post-war world.
The book provides a comprehensive, yet practical discussion of guidance strategies that can be implemented in a variety of situations. These strategies promote a respect for children and their rights, enhance children's self-esteem, and help to foster pro-social skills. This book is a must-read for both students and practitioners who work with children and families.' - Dr Laura McFarland, School of Education, Charles Sturt University Drawing on the latest research evidence, Young Children's Behaviour outlines the beliefs and values that underpin the guidance approach to managing the behaviours of children from birth to eight years of age. In contrast with rewards-and-punishment systems, guidance believes that children do not need incentives to behave well, but instead need skills. Rather than punishing them for lacking skills, guidance teaches young children self-regulation skills so that they can behave considerately. The author provides practical strategies that both meet children's needs and safeguard the rights of surrounding adults and children. These methods include listening, being assertive, giving positive instructions, solving problems collaboratively, and coaching children to self-regulate their emotions and impulses. The text also offers advice on responding to many common challenges including separation distress, meltdowns, aggression, and social withdrawal. Finally, the book suggests how educators can provide educational and behavioural support for children with atypical development and describes how to foster effective relationships with parents whose children display challenging behaviours. Dr Louise Porter powerfully argues that behaviour guidance is the most effective approach to working with young children and reflects the deepest values of early childhood education and care.
In 1985 the Vassar College Athletic Association ignored the constraints placed on women athletes of that era and held its first-ever womens field day, featuring competition in five track and field events. Soon colleges across the country were offering women the opportunity to compete, and in 1922 the United States selected 22 women to compete in the Womens World Games in Paris. Upon their return, female physical educators severely criticized their efforts, decrying "the evils of competition." Wilma Rudolphs triumphant Olympics in 1960 sparked renewed support for womens track and field in the United States. From 1922 to 1960, thousands of women competed, and won many gold medals, with little encouragement or recognition. This reference work provides a history, based on many interviews and meticulous research in primary source documents, of womens track and field, from its beginnings on the lawns of Vassar College in 1895, through 1980, when Title IX began to create a truly level playing field for men and women. The results of Amateur Athletic Union Womens Indoor and Outdoor Track and Field Championships since 1923 are given, as well as full coverage of female Olympians.
Joseph Gomez (1890-1979) was ordained a bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1948. This biography of Gomez provides a history of black life during the early 20th century and chronicles the political and religious stuggles of the first autonomous black church in the US.
How have the school effectiveness and school improvement movements arrived where they are today? Over the past three decades there has been a great deal of development, from the 1960s when debates arose regarding equality of opportunity, to the 1980s when market concepts came into play. This book contrasts current thinking on educational standards with prevailing thought from prior decades, and tackles difficult questions of quality and educational outcomes. Anyone wishing to improve their understanding of school effectiveness will find this book interesting and highly informative.
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