Membrane processes today play a signifi cant role in the replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure diseases. Current extracorporeal blood purifi cation and oxygenation devices employ membranes acting as selective barriers for the removal of endogeneous and exogeneous toxins and for gas exchange, respectively. Additionally, membrane technology offers new interesting opportunities for the design of bioartificial livers, pancreas, kidneys, lungs etc. This book reviews the latest developments in membrane systems for bioartificial organs and regenerative medicine, investigates how membrane technology can improve the quality and efficiency of biomedical devices, and highlights the design procedures for membrane materials covering the preparation, characterization, and sterilization steps as well as transport phenomena. The different strategies pursued for the development of membrane bioartifi cial organs, including crucial issues related to blood/cell-membrane interactions are described with the aim of opening new and exciting frontiers in the coming decades. The book is a valuable tool for tissue engineers, clinicians, biomaterials scientists, membranologists as well as biologists and biotechnologists. It is also a source of reference for students, academic and industrial researchers in the topic of biotechnology, biomedical engineering, materials science and medicine.
In tissue engineering the formation of organized and functional tissues is a very complex task: the cellular environment requires suitable physiological conditions that, presently, can be achieved and maintained by using properly designed biomaterials that can support the viability and all specific functions of cells. The creation of the biomimetic environment can be realized by using polymeric membranes with specific physico-chemical, morphological, and transport properties on the basis of the targeted tissue or organ. Membrane can act as an instructive extracellular matrix (ECM) for cells, especially for stem cells or progenitor cells, whose differentiation is desired for their therapeutic potential and usefulness in the toxicological testing. Similar to the ECM, membrane exhibits from microscale to nanoscale of chemistry and topography and is able to provide physical, chemical, and mechanical signals to the cells, which are important for guiding their differentiation. In this chapter, the authors report on tailor-made membrane systems designed and operated according to well-defined engineering criteria and their potential use in the biofabrication of tissues and organs. Membrane surface and transport properties play a pivotal role in the proliferation and differentiation process governing mass transfer and providing instructive signals to the cells. Furthermore, membrane bioreactors, through the fluid dynamics modulation, may simulate the in vivo complex physiological environment, ensuring an adequate mass transfer of nutrients and metabolites and the molecular and mechanical regulatory signals.
Membrane processes today play a signifi cant role in the replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure diseases. Current extracorporeal blood purifi cation and oxygenation devices employ membranes acting as selective barriers for the removal of endogeneous and exogeneous toxins and for gas exchange, respectively. Additionally, membrane technology offers new interesting opportunities for the design of bioartificial livers, pancreas, kidneys, lungs etc. This book reviews the latest developments in membrane systems for bioartificial organs and regenerative medicine, investigates how membrane technology can improve the quality and efficiency of biomedical devices, and highlights the design procedures for membrane materials covering the preparation, characterization, and sterilization steps as well as transport phenomena. The different strategies pursued for the development of membrane bioartifi cial organs, including crucial issues related to blood/cell-membrane interactions are described with the aim of opening new and exciting frontiers in the coming decades. The book is a valuable tool for tissue engineers, clinicians, biomaterials scientists, membranologists as well as biologists and biotechnologists. It is also a source of reference for students, academic and industrial researchers in the topic of biotechnology, biomedical engineering, materials science and medicine.
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