The rise of e-commerce has transformed China's economy over the past two decades. By late 2020, close to 800 million Chinese people had shopped online and more than 60 million citizens were directly or indirectly employed in e-commerce-related industries. Yet the rapid rise of the industry seems to defy conventional wisdom. For instance, China's e-commerce market took off without strong formal institutions to support it, challenging the prevailing notion in political economy that certain formal institutions like state-provided secure property rights, contract enforcement, and the rule of law are crucial pre-conditions for supporting efficient markets. Using a vast array of qualitative and quantitative data, Lizhi Liu reveals how, with weak rule of law, China instead outsourced part of its institutional functions to e-commerce companies themselves-prominent examples include Alibaba's Taobao.com and Tmall.com. Liu calls these companies "private regulatory intermediaries" (PRIs) and shows how they fulfill various legal, social, and political functions that the state might otherwise take on. Taobao, for example, has a complex reputation mechanism, a credit score, a fraud detection program, and even a jury-like system in which users can adjudicate cases or vote to change platform rules. Liu also explores how, beyond the systematic level, e-commerce has significant individual-level effects-namely, that e-commerce reduces the household cost of living but also distracts citizens from local political issues. Ultimately, this project goes beyond traditional analysis emphasizing either the rule of law or informal networks in supporting market development; it provides a lens to understand institutional experimentation broadly and deepens our understanding of state-business relationships in the Chinese context"--
The long-awaited memoir by Fang Lizhi, the celebrated physicist whose clashes with the Chinese regime helped inspire the Tiananmen Square protests Fang Lizhi was one of the most prominent scientists of the People's Republic of China; he worked on the country's first nuclear program and later became one of the world's leading astrophysicists. His devotion to science and the pursuit of truth led him to question the authority of the Communist regime. That got him in trouble. In 1957, after advocating reforms in the Communist Party, Fang -- just twenty-one years old -- was dismissed from his position, stripped of his Party membership, and sent to be a farm laborer in a remote village. Over the next two decades, through the years of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, he was alternately denounced and rehabilitated, revealing to him the pettiness, absurdity, and horror of the regime's excesses. He returned to more normal work in academia after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, but the cycle soon began again. This time his struggle became a public cause, and his example helped inspire the Tiananmen Square protests. Immediately after the crackdown in June 1989, Fang and his wife sought refuge in the U.S. embassy, where they hid for more than a year before being allowed to leave the country. During that time Fang wrote this memoir The Most Wanted Man in China, which has never been published, until now. His story, told with vivid detail and disarming humor, is a testament to the importance of remaining true to one's principles in an unprincipled time and place.
This book is a comprehensive treatise of the potential risk factors associated with NPC development, the tools employed in the diagnosis and detection of NPC, the concepts behind NPC patients who develop neuro-endocrine abnormalities and ear-related complications after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the molecular mechanisms leading to NPC carcinogenesis, and the potential therapeutic molecular targets for NPC.
Written by surgical pathologists for surgical pathologists, Surgical Pathology of the Liver focuses on sharpening your skills and knowledge in diagnostic histopathology, including laboratory and clinical findings that are directly useful when evaluating liver histology for clinical care. It offers comprehensive, superbly illustrated coverage of general liver pathology, as well as several chapters on topics that are not often included in liver pathology textbooks. Abundant high-quality illustrations have been carefully chosen to support and extend the information given in the text.
Describing comprehensively the development and applications of NMR to oil and gas exploration, this book will bring the literature up to date as it has developed very quickly in the last two decades. Outlining new methodologies, it will provide a thorough and comprehensive document enabling a better understanding of the basics of NMR physics, petrophysics, downhole tools and data interpretation. Written by an author with more than 30 years’ experience in this hot and important topic, this book is designed to meet the needs of the community and encourage applications in low field NMR.
This book aims to theoretically and empirically enrich the GVC accounting framework with statistical physics and complex network theory from the perspective of econophysics, thus adding up to the existing theories. Besides, it also aims at capturing the essences of network models such as topological complexity, hierarchy, transmissibility, interaction, and causality and reflecting the objective interrelations among economies or between economies and economic systems on the GVC, so as to reveal the inherent evolution of the cross-regional and even global economic systems.
A long-awaited memoir by the celebrated physicist whose clashes with the Chinese regime helped inspired the Tiananmen Square protests describes how in spite of his scientific contributions he was sentenced to hard labor for decades and eventually sought asylum from the U.S., "--NoveList.
The rise of e-commerce has transformed China's economy over the past two decades. By late 2020, close to 800 million Chinese people had shopped online and more than 60 million citizens were directly or indirectly employed in e-commerce-related industries. Yet the rapid rise of the industry seems to defy conventional wisdom. For instance, China's e-commerce market took off without strong formal institutions to support it, challenging the prevailing notion in political economy that certain formal institutions like state-provided secure property rights, contract enforcement, and the rule of law are crucial pre-conditions for supporting efficient markets. Using a vast array of qualitative and quantitative data, Lizhi Liu reveals how, with weak rule of law, China instead outsourced part of its institutional functions to e-commerce companies themselves-prominent examples include Alibaba's Taobao.com and Tmall.com. Liu calls these companies "private regulatory intermediaries" (PRIs) and shows how they fulfill various legal, social, and political functions that the state might otherwise take on. Taobao, for example, has a complex reputation mechanism, a credit score, a fraud detection program, and even a jury-like system in which users can adjudicate cases or vote to change platform rules. Liu also explores how, beyond the systematic level, e-commerce has significant individual-level effects-namely, that e-commerce reduces the household cost of living but also distracts citizens from local political issues. Ultimately, this project goes beyond traditional analysis emphasizing either the rule of law or informal networks in supporting market development; it provides a lens to understand institutional experimentation broadly and deepens our understanding of state-business relationships in the Chinese context"--
Because the theory of equations with delay terms occurs in a variety of contexts, it is important to provide a framework, whenever possible, to handle as many cases as possible simultaneously so as to bring out a better insight and understanding of the subtle differences of the various equations with delays. Furthermore, such a unified theory would avoid duplication and expose open questions that are significant for future research. It is in this spirit that the authors view the importance of their monograph, which presents a systematic and unified theory of recent developments of equations with unbounded delay, describes the current state of the theory showing the essential unity achieved, and provides a general structure applicable to a variety of problems. It is the first book that: (i) presents a unified framework to investigate the basic existence theory for a variety of equations with delay; (ii) treats the classification of equations with memory precisely so as to bring out the subtle differences between them; (iii) develops a systematic study of stability theory in terms of two different measures which includes several known concepts; and (iv) exhibits the advantages of employing Lyapunov functions on product spaces as well as the method of perturbing Lyapunov functions. This book will be of value to researchers and advanced graduate students in mathematics, electrical engineering and biomathematics.
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