When and how do natural disasters worsen within-country income inequality? We highlight the channels through which natural disasters may have distributional effects and empirically analyze when and which type of disasters affect inequality in advanced economies (AEs) and in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs). We find that in AEs inequality increases after severe disasters. We also find that inequality increases if severe disasters are associated with growth slowdowns or there are multiple disasters in a year in AEs and in EMDEs. Descriptive evidence for the US also suggests that adverse labor market effects of disasters are likely to fall on vulnerable groups.
When and how do natural disasters worsen within-country income inequality? We highlight the channels through which natural disasters may have distributional effects and empirically analyze when and which type of disasters affect inequality in advanced economies (AEs) and in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs). We find that in AEs inequality increases after severe disasters. We also find that inequality increases if severe disasters are associated with growth slowdowns or there are multiple disasters in a year in AEs and in EMDEs. Descriptive evidence for the US also suggests that adverse labor market effects of disasters are likely to fall on vulnerable groups.
In a world dominated by men, one woman rose from the shadows of the Forbidden City to become the most powerful figure in the Qing Dynasty. Empress Dowager Cixi—a name synonymous with intrigue, ambition, and unparalleled political acumen—steered China through one of its most turbulent eras. Yehenara Lixue delves deep into the life of Cixi, the woman who transformed herself from a low-ranking concubine into the de facto ruler of China. With deft maneuvering, Cixi overcame formidable challenges, including internal rebellions and foreign threats, while initiating reforms that would set the stage for modern China. Yet her legacy is shrouded in controversy—was she a ruthless tyrant or a visionary leader who sought to preserve and strengthen her nation? This meticulously researched biography unveils the complexities of Cixi's character, exploring her strengths, flaws, and the intricacies of court politics that she navigated with exceptional skill. Discover the untold story of a woman who defied the norms of her time and left an indelible mark on the history of China.
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