Escherichia coli isolates produce a range of cell-surface polysaccharides which mediate interactions between the bacteria and their environment. The best-studied glycoconjugates are lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS). LPS is a component of the outer membrane in all E. coli strains and it plays a critical role in the barrier properties of the cell envelope and resistance to host factors including cationic antimicrobial peptides and the complement system. LPS is also a biologically active molecule that activates TLR4-mediated signaling leading to endotoxic shock. In contrast, only some strains of E. coli make capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). The capsule plays a major role in evasion of the host immune system and is particularly important for the pathogenesis of uropathogenic and meningitis-associated E. coli. This chapter discusses the biosynthesis of LPS and capsule as well as their contributions to the virulence of pathogenic E. coli.
An Introduction to the World of Theater A friendly and practical guide to the stage, The Essentials of Theater will prepare actors and crew for their next show. Perfect for college students in theater programs, as well as community theater troupes, this book covers all the bases—from a brief history on theater over the centuries and basic terminology to tips on interpreting scripts, developing characters, and utilizing props. Lisa Mulcahy’s helpful explanations and examples take readers on a backstage tour, introducing the tasks and responsibilities of every participant: stage hands, sound designers, prop managers, and more. Special sections include: A simple guide to completing your first production project Worksheets and checklists to practice new skills Interviews with theater critics, playwrights, and sound designers Appendices with suggested readings, viewings, and resources for theater students Through real-world examples and engaging activities, readers will explore every facet of the world of theater: acting, directing, playwriting, production, technical design, and more. Mulcahy even includes a chapter on innovative ways to use one’s theater education off-stage. A great resource for college theater programs and acting classes in general, The Essentials of Theater is an excellent introduction to the stage and all of its moving parts.
When the bustle of a city slows, towns dissolve into abandoned buildings or return to woods and crumble into the North Georgia clay. In 1832, Auraria was one of the sites of the original American gold rush. The remains of numerous towns dot the landscape - pockets of life that were lost to fire or drowned by the water of civic works projects. Cassville was a booming educational and cultural epicenter until 1864. Allatoona found its identity as a railroad town. Author and professor Lisa M. Russell unearths the forgotten towns of North Georgia.
An incredible story of the largely unseen but vital role that dogs play in our armed forces, Lisa Rogak's The Dogs of War is a must-read for animal lovers everywhere. Military working dogs gained widespread attention after Cairo participated in the SEAL Team 6 mission that led to Osama bin Laden's death. Before that, few civilians realized that dogs served in combat, let alone that they could parachute from thirty thousand feet up. The Dogs of War reveals the amazing range of jobs that our four-legged soldiers now perform, examines the dogs' training and equipment, and sets the record straight on those rumors of titanium teeth. You'll find heartwarming stories of the deep bond that dogs and their handlers share with each other, and learn how soldiers and civilians can help the cause by fostering puppies or adopting retirees.
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