Decision trees have become one of the most powerful and popular approaches in knowledge discovery and data mining; it is the science of exploring large and complex bodies of data in order to discover useful patterns. Decision tree learning continues to evolve over time. Existing methods are constantly being improved and new methods introduced.This 2nd Edition is dedicated entirely to the field of decision trees in data mining; to cover all aspects of this important technique, as well as improved or new methods and techniques developed after the publication of our first edition. In this new edition, all chapters have been revised and new topics brought in. New topics include Cost-Sensitive Active Learning, Learning with Uncertain and Imbalanced Data, Using Decision Trees beyond Classification Tasks, Privacy Preserving Decision Tree Learning, Lessons Learned from Comparative Studies, and Learning Decision Trees for Big Data. A walk-through guide to existing open-source data mining software is also included in this edition.This book invites readers to explore the many benefits in data mining that decision trees offer:
Researchers from various disciplines such as pattern recognition, statistics, and machine learning have explored the use of ensemble methodology since the late seventies. Thus, they are faced with a wide variety of methods, given the growing interest in the field. This book aims to impose a degree of order upon this diversity by presenting a coherent and unified repository of ensemble methods, theories, trends, challenges and applications.The book describes in detail the classical methods, as well as the extensions and novel approaches developed recently. Along with algorithmic descriptions of each method, it also explains the circumstances in which this method is applicable and the consequences and the trade-offs incurred by using the method.
Data Mining is the science and technology of exploring data in order to discover previously unknown patterns. It is a part of the overall process of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD). The accessibility and abundance of information today makes data mining a matter of considerable importance and necessity. This book provides an introduction to the field with an emphasis on advanced decomposition methods in general data mining tasks and for classification tasks in particular. The book presents a complete methodology for decomposing classification problems into smaller and more manageable sub-problems that are solvable by using existing tools. The various elements are then joined together to solve the initial problem.The benefits of decomposition methodology in data mining include: increased performance (classification accuracy); conceptual simplification of the problem; enhanced feasibility for huge databases; clearer and more comprehensible results; reduced runtime by solving smaller problems and by using parallel/distributed computation; and the opportunity of using different techniques for individual sub-problems.
This updated compendium provides a methodical introduction with a coherent and unified repository of ensemble methods, theories, trends, challenges, and applications. More than a third of this edition comprised of new materials, highlighting descriptions of the classic methods, and extensions and novel approaches that have recently been introduced.Along with algorithmic descriptions of each method, the settings in which each method is applicable and the consequences and tradeoffs incurred by using the method is succinctly featured. R code for implementation of the algorithm is also emphasized.The unique volume provides researchers, students and practitioners in industry with a comprehensive, concise and convenient resource on ensemble learning methods.
This book explores a proactive and domain-driven method to classification tasks. This novel proactive approach to data mining not only induces a model for predicting or explaining a phenomenon, but also utilizes specific problem/domain knowledge to suggest specific actions to achieve optimal changes in the value of the target attribute. In particular, the authors suggest a specific implementation of the domain-driven proactive approach for classification trees. The book centers on the core idea of moving observations from one branch of the tree to another. It introduces a novel splitting criterion for decision trees, termed maximal-utility, which maximizes the potential for enhancing profitability in the output tree. Two real-world case studies, one of a leading wireless operator and the other of a major security company, are also included and demonstrate how applying the proactive approach to classification tasks can solve business problems. Proactive Data Mining with Decision Trees is intended for researchers, practitioners and advanced-level students.
SpringerBriefs present concise summaries of cutting-edge research and practical applications across a wide spectrum of fields. Featuring compact volumes of 50 to 100 pages (approximately 20,000- 40,000 words), the series covers a range of content from professional to academic. Briefs allow authors to present their ideas and readers to absorb them with minimal time investment. As part of Springer’s eBook collection, SpringBriefs are published to millions of users worldwide. Information/Data Leakage poses a serious threat to companies and organizations, as the number of leakage incidents and the cost they inflict continues to increase. Whether caused by malicious intent, or an inadvertent mistake, data loss can diminish a company’s brand, reduce shareholder value, and damage the company’s goodwill and reputation. This book aims to provide a structural and comprehensive overview of the practical solutions and current research in the DLP domain. This is the first comprehensive book that is dedicated entirely to the field of data leakage and covers all important challenges and techniques to mitigate them. Its informative, factual pages will provide researchers, students and practitioners in the industry with a comprehensive, yet concise and convenient reference source to this fascinating field. We have grouped existing solutions into different categories based on a described taxonomy. The presented taxonomy characterizes DLP solutions according to various aspects such as: leakage source, data state, leakage channel, deployment scheme, preventive/detective approaches, and the action upon leakage. In the commercial part we review solutions of the leading DLP market players based on professional research reports and material obtained from the websites of the vendors. In the academic part we cluster the academic work according to the nature of the leakage and protection into various categories. Finally, we describe main data leakage scenarios and present for each scenario the most relevant and applicable solution or approach that will mitigate and reduce the likelihood and/or impact of the leakage scenario.
Decision trees have become one of the most powerful and popular approaches in knowledge discovery and data mining; it is the science of exploring large and complex bodies of data in order to discover useful patterns. Decision tree learning continues to evolve over time. Existing methods are constantly being improved and new methods introduced.This 2nd Edition is dedicated entirely to the field of decision trees in data mining; to cover all aspects of this important technique, as well as improved or new methods and techniques developed after the publication of our first edition. In this new edition, all chapters have been revised and new topics brought in. New topics include Cost-Sensitive Active Learning, Learning with Uncertain and Imbalanced Data, Using Decision Trees beyond Classification Tasks, Privacy Preserving Decision Tree Learning, Lessons Learned from Comparative Studies, and Learning Decision Trees for Big Data. A walk-through guide to existing open-source data mining software is also included in this edition.This book invites readers to explore the many benefits in data mining that decision trees offer:
1. Introduction to pattern classification. 1.1. Pattern classification. 1.2. Induction algorithms. 1.3. Rule induction. 1.4. Decision trees. 1.5. Bayesian methods. 1.6. Other induction methods -- 2. Introduction to ensemble learning. 2.1. Back to the roots. 2.2. The wisdom of crowds. 2.3. The bagging algorithm. 2.4. The boosting algorithm. 2.5. The AdaBoost algorithm. 2.6. No free lunch theorem and ensemble learning. 2.7. Bias-variance decomposition and ensemble learning. 2.8. Occam's razor and ensemble learning. 2.9. Classifier dependency. 2.10. Ensemble methods for advanced classification tasks -- 3. Ensemble classification. 3.1. Fusions methods. 3.2. Selecting classification. 3.3. Mixture of experts and meta learning -- 4. Ensemble diversity. 4.1. Overview. 4.2. Manipulating the inducer. 4.3. Manipulating the training samples. 4.4. Manipulating the target attribute representation. 4.5. Partitioning the search space. 4.6. Multi-inducers. 4.7. Measuring the diversity -- 5. Ensemble selection. 5.1. Ensemble selection. 5.2. Pre selection of the ensemble size. 5.3. Selection of the ensemble size while training. 5.4. Pruning - post selection of the ensemble size -- 6. Error correcting output codes. 6.1. Code-matrix decomposition of multiclass problems. 6.2. Type I - training an ensemble given a code-matrix. 6.3. Type II - adapting code-matrices to the multiclass problems -- 7. Evaluating ensembles of classifiers. 7.1. Generalization error. 7.2. Computational complexity. 7.3. Interpretability of the resulting ensemble. 7.4. Scalability to large datasets. 7.5. Robustness. 7.6. Stability. 7.7. Flexibility. 7.8. Usability. 7.9. Software availability. 7.10. Which ensemble method should be used?
This is the first comprehensive book dedicated entirely to the field of decision trees in data mining and covers all aspects of this important technique.Decision trees have become one of the most powerful and popular approaches in knowledge discovery and data mining, the science and technology of exploring large and complex bodies of data in order to discover useful patterns. The area is of great importance because it enables modeling and knowledge extraction from the abundance of data available. Both theoreticians and practitioners are continually seeking techniques to make the process more efficient, cost-effective and accurate. Decision trees, originally implemented in decision theory and statistics, are highly effective tools in other areas such as data mining, text mining, information extraction, machine learning, and pattern recognition. This book invites readers to explore the many benefits in data mining that decision trees offer:
This updated compendium provides a methodical introduction with a coherent and unified repository of ensemble methods, theories, trends, challenges, and applications. More than a third of this edition comprised of new materials, highlighting descriptions of the classic methods, and extensions and novel approaches that have recently been introduced.Along with algorithmic descriptions of each method, the settings in which each method is applicable and the consequences and tradeoffs incurred by using the method is succinctly featured. R code for implementation of the algorithm is also emphasized.The unique volume provides researchers, students and practitioners in industry with a comprehensive, concise and convenient resource on ensemble learning methods.
This book explores a proactive and domain-driven method to classification tasks. This novel proactive approach to data mining not only induces a model for predicting or explaining a phenomenon, but also utilizes specific problem/domain knowledge to suggest specific actions to achieve optimal changes in the value of the target attribute. In particular, the authors suggest a specific implementation of the domain-driven proactive approach for classification trees. The book centers on the core idea of moving observations from one branch of the tree to another. It introduces a novel splitting criterion for decision trees, termed maximal-utility, which maximizes the potential for enhancing profitability in the output tree. Two real-world case studies, one of a leading wireless operator and the other of a major security company, are also included and demonstrate how applying the proactive approach to classification tasks can solve business problems. Proactive Data Mining with Decision Trees is intended for researchers, practitioners and advanced-level students.
Data Mining is the science and technology of exploring data in order to discover previously unknown patterns. It is a part of the overall process of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD). The accessibility and abundance of information today makes data mining a matter of considerable importance and necessity. This book provides an introduction to the field with an emphasis on advanced decomposition methods in general data mining tasks and for classification tasks in particular. The book presents a complete methodology for decomposing classification problems into smaller and more manageable sub-problems that are solvable by using existing tools. The various elements are then joined together to solve the initial problem.The benefits of decomposition methodology in data mining include: increased performance (classification accuracy); conceptual simplification of the problem; enhanced feasibility for huge databases; clearer and more comprehensible results; reduced runtime by solving smaller problems and by using parallel/distributed computation; and the opportunity of using different techniques for individual sub-problems.
Recommender systems are a valuable means for online users to cope with the virtual information overload. Development of them is a multi-disciplinary effort, and this book covers all aspects of, and important techniques for, recommender systems.
SpringerBriefs present concise summaries of cutting-edge research and practical applications across a wide spectrum of fields. Featuring compact volumes of 50 to 100 pages (approximately 20,000- 40,000 words), the series covers a range of content from professional to academic. Briefs allow authors to present their ideas and readers to absorb them with minimal time investment. As part of Springer’s eBook collection, SpringBriefs are published to millions of users worldwide. Information/Data Leakage poses a serious threat to companies and organizations, as the number of leakage incidents and the cost they inflict continues to increase. Whether caused by malicious intent, or an inadvertent mistake, data loss can diminish a company’s brand, reduce shareholder value, and damage the company’s goodwill and reputation. This book aims to provide a structural and comprehensive overview of the practical solutions and current research in the DLP domain. This is the first comprehensive book that is dedicated entirely to the field of data leakage and covers all important challenges and techniques to mitigate them. Its informative, factual pages will provide researchers, students and practitioners in the industry with a comprehensive, yet concise and convenient reference source to this fascinating field. We have grouped existing solutions into different categories based on a described taxonomy. The presented taxonomy characterizes DLP solutions according to various aspects such as: leakage source, data state, leakage channel, deployment scheme, preventive/detective approaches, and the action upon leakage. In the commercial part we review solutions of the leading DLP market players based on professional research reports and material obtained from the websites of the vendors. In the academic part we cluster the academic work according to the nature of the leakage and protection into various categories. Finally, we describe main data leakage scenarios and present for each scenario the most relevant and applicable solution or approach that will mitigate and reduce the likelihood and/or impact of the leakage scenario.
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