In 1872 George Carter Stent published five Chinese folk tunes with the melody and lyrics in an article called " Chinese Lyrics" . I think they are quite significant examples of a genre of Chinese folk song that is now less popular. With the help of Wang lingli 王玲利 we have translated the traditional Chinese into Simplified Chinese and provided fresh English translations. I have created new original piano accompaniments for each song. My aim is to try and make the melodies more accessible to western audiences and singers. The songs are published in Chinese with the pinyin above. In addition there is a complete version of the Chinese lyrics with tones and pinyin and an English translation to explain what each song is about. My dream is that one day I will go to a song recital and hear Chinese songs sung in Chinese, just as we listen to Schubert's lieder sung in German, or Faure songs sung in French, and it will seem completely normal.
In English it is possible to suggest subtle changes in meaning by altering the tone of your voice. However in Chinese this is not an option, because altering the tone of your voice could completely change the meaning of the word. To achieve the same affect, the Chinese use Modal Particles. Modal Particles frequently appear in written Chinese and especially in "on line" Blogs or e mails and can be confusing to the foreign students, because they are rarely mentioned in text books. This study will fully explain their use, and including judicially chosen Modal Particles will enable the students' work to sound more idiomatic.
The usual approach to expanding vocabulary is to use a topic /situation based technique. This works well if the topics/situations are ones that the student may use, or is interested in them. However it is by its nature random in the choice of words it introduces and furthermore the problem of how the student can quickly learn how to write all these different characters is never seriously addressed. There are however, other approaches that could be used, that could offer the student a better investment on the time they spend, but up to now they have not been explored by Teachers, This book introduces one such approach, by looking at and understanding repetition in Mandarin Chinese. This book will not be looking at repetition as in 爸爸妈妈 or in phrases such as 多多少少 etc What we will be focusing on is repetition of meaning in a word that uses two different characters in Chinese. We think this could open up new ways of thinking about the language for students studying Chinese.
This book offers a completely new sequence for learning Chinese writing. If foreign students start learning to write Chinese by first inputting Radicals on the computer, they will make faster progress in being able to remember the vocabulary, and their transition to writing Chinese by hand will be more successful. At every stage in this carefully thought out sequence, the student should be encouraged to also practice what they have learnt on computer by writing the characters out by hand. The biggest problem that students have with learning Mandarin Chinese is being able to write Chinese. It is a daunting task because of the sheer number of different characters involved and also because until now each character has been treated as a unique and separate entity. The time needed to commit all this vocabulary to memory and gain fluency and facility in writing Chinese is immense, but using this method it will make learning faster.
Goods and services provided by forests will be needed in greater amounts in the coming decades, yet are threatened by climate change and air pollution. In this chapter, we survey the peer-reviewed literature on elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) and tropospheric O3 (eO3) interaction experiments, and discuss implications of results for policy development and social welfare. We located 58 studies reporting data on physiology, biomass production, litter quality and decomposition. Studies were abundant for young and intermediate ages, but non-existent for mature forests. Most plant parameters increased with exposure to eCO2, decreased under eO3 and were often intermediate for the eCO2×eO3 interaction, though this latter treatment was not always statistically significant. Current environmental policy could make better use of existing science, but more work, especially on mature forest ecosystems, is needed in step with process-model development to better predict forest responses and guide policy for future changes in air quality and climate.
This atlas is based on the lunar global Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of Chang'E-1 (CE-1), and presents CCD stereo image data with digital photogrammetry. The spatial resolution of the DEM in this atlas is 500m, with horizontal accuracy of 192m and vertical accuracy of 120m. Color-shaded relief maps with contour lines are used to show the lunar topographical characteristics. The topographical data gathered by CE-1 can provide fundamental information for the study of lunar topographical, morphological and geological structures, as well as for lunar evolution research.
In 1872 George Carter Stent published five Chinese folk tunes with the melody and lyrics in an article called " Chinese Lyrics" . I think they are quite significant examples of a genre of Chinese folk song that is now less popular. With the help of Wang lingli 王玲利 we have translated the traditional Chinese into Simplified Chinese and provided fresh English translations. I have created new original piano accompaniments for each song. My aim is to try and make the melodies more accessible to western audiences and singers. The songs are published in Chinese with the pinyin above. In addition there is a complete version of the Chinese lyrics with tones and pinyin and an English translation to explain what each song is about. My dream is that one day I will go to a song recital and hear Chinese songs sung in Chinese, just as we listen to Schubert's lieder sung in German, or Faure songs sung in French, and it will seem completely normal.
The usual approach to expanding vocabulary is to use a topic /situation based technique. This works well if the topics/situations are ones that the student may use, or is interested in them. However it is by its nature random in the choice of words it introduces and furthermore the problem of how the student can quickly learn how to write all these different characters is never seriously addressed. There are however, other approaches that could be used, that could offer the student a better investment on the time they spend, but up to now they have not been explored by Teachers, This book introduces one such approach, by looking at and understanding repetition in Mandarin Chinese. This book will not be looking at repetition as in 爸爸妈妈 or in phrases such as 多多少少 etc What we will be focusing on is repetition of meaning in a word that uses two different characters in Chinese. We think this could open up new ways of thinking about the language for students studying Chinese.
In English it is possible to suggest subtle changes in meaning by altering the tone of your voice. However in Chinese this is not an option, because altering the tone of your voice could completely change the meaning of the word. To achieve the same affect, the Chinese use Modal Particles. Modal Particles frequently appear in written Chinese and especially in "on line" Blogs or e mails and can be confusing to the foreign students, because they are rarely mentioned in text books. This study will fully explain their use, and including judicially chosen Modal Particles will enable the students' work to sound more idiomatic.
Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.
This book offers a completely new sequence for learning Chinese writing. If foreign students start learning to write Chinese by first inputting Radicals on the computer, they will make faster progress in being able to remember the vocabulary, and their transition to writing Chinese by hand will be more successful. At every stage in this carefully thought out sequence, the student should be encouraged to also practice what they have learnt on computer by writing the characters out by hand. The biggest problem that students have with learning Mandarin Chinese is being able to write Chinese. It is a daunting task because of the sheer number of different characters involved and also because until now each character has been treated as a unique and separate entity. The time needed to commit all this vocabulary to memory and gain fluency and facility in writing Chinese is immense, but using this method it will make learning faster.
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