This book, the first in a three-volume set, explains general relativity using the mathematical tool of differential geometry. The book consists of ten chapters, the first five of which introduce differential geometry, which is widely applicable even outside the field of relativity. Chapter 6 analyzes special relativity using geometric language. In turn, the last four chapters introduce readers to the fundamentals of general relativity. Intended for beginners, this volume includes numerous exercises and worked-out example in each chapter to facilitate the learning experience. Chiefly written for graduate-level courses, the book’s content will also benefit upper-level undergraduate students, and can be used as a reference guide for practicing theoretical physicists.
This book presents a systematic design methodology for decoding the interior structure of the Antikythera mechanism, an astronomical device from ancient Greece. The historical background, surviving evidence and reconstructions of the mechanism are introduced, and the historical development of astronomical achievements and various astronomical instruments are investigated. Pursuing an approach based on the conceptual design of modern mechanisms and bearing in mind the standards of science and technology at the time, all feasible designs of the six lost/incomplete/unclear subsystems are synthesized as illustrated examples, and 48 feasible designs of the complete interior structure are presented. This approach provides not only a logical tool for applying modern mechanical engineering knowledge to the reconstruction of the Antikythera mechanism, but also an innovative research direction for identifying the original structures of the mechanism in the future. In short, the book offers valuable new insights for all readers who are interested in the Antikythera mechanism.
This book illustrates theories in photovoltaic power generation, and focuses on the application of photovoltaic system, such as on-grid and off-grid system optimization design. The principle of the solar cell and manufacturing processes, the design and installation of PV system are extensively discussed in the book, making it an essential reference for graduate students in photovoltaic field and industrial engineers.
Few social issues have received more public attention and scholarly debate than the death penalty. While the abolitionist movement has made a successful stride in recent decades, a small number of countries remain committed to the death penalty and impose it with a relatively high frequency. In this regard, the People’s Republic of China no doubt leads the world in both numbers of death sentences and executions. Despite being the largest user of the death penalty, China has never conducted a national poll on citizens’ opinions toward capital punishment, while claiming “overwhelming public support” as a major justification for its retention and use. Based on a content analysis of 38,512 comments collected from 63 cases in 2015, this study examines the diversity and rationales of netizens’ opinions of and interactions with China’s criminal justice system. In addition, the book discusses China’s social, systemic, and structural problems and critically examines the rationality of netizens’ opinions based on Habermas’s communicative rationality framework. Readers will be able to contextualize Chinese netizens’ discussions and draw conclusions about commonalities and uniqueness of China’s death penalty practice.
Zhongli Li, you're mine." "Even Ouyang Xuan's confession was so domineering." Ah, don't tease me. "Zhong Li sneered, his gaze falling on his protruding abdomen." There is a small life here, and it belongs to another man. He knew his ex-husband, who had been in love for five years, could betray him, let alone this foppish young master in the eyes of everyone in Xi City. How could Zhong Li believe him? How could he dare to believe it!
After five years of marriage, she had wholeheartedly helped him ascend to the throne. However, he had ended up with a broken stomach and a broken family. The moment she was reborn, she was actually brought back to six years ago! Her concubine sister framed her, her grandmother despised her, she and her mother went about their business step by step; the feuds between officials and women, the chaos in the palace, everything had not changed. In this life, she definitely wouldn't be lenient. She would bully, betray, and harm her ... She was going to get everything back one by one, and not rest until she was dead! He had truly wrongly paid for it and no longer believed in men, but why did he suddenly have someone by his side? He was still shamelessly pestering her. Cold Pink's new book, "Simple Hands Shrouding the Sky: The Regent's Little Poison Consort" was a cheat. You can read it by clicking on the title.
A concise, in-depth introduction to active disturbance rejection control theory for nonlinear systems, with numerical simulations and clearly worked out equations Provides the fundamental, theoretical foundation for applications of active disturbance rejection control Features numerical simulations and clearly worked out equations Highlights the advantages of active disturbance rejection control, including small overshooting, fast convergence, and energy savings
This textbook is a comprehensive review of many different areas in solar-pumped lasers design and characterization. It enables readers to develop their skills in general solid-state laser design and solar collector design and provides numerous solved exercises at the end of each chapter to further this development. This book begins by introducing the brief history of solar-pumped laser and its potential applications. It explains the basic theories of imaging and non-imaging primary, secondary, and tertiary solar concentrators. It discusses solar-pumped solid-state laser theory and solar-to-laser power conversion efficiencies. There are chapters dedicated to ZEMAX and LASCAD numerical simulation tools, to help develop readers’ skills in innovative solid-state laser design. This book is one of the first books to relate concentrated solar energy technologies to solid-state laser technologies and is therefore of interest to students, academics, engineers, and laser and optical system designers.
The Avant-Garde and the Popular in Modern China explores how an important group of Chinese performing artists invested in politics and the pursuit of the avant-garde came to terms with different ways of being “popular” in modern times. In particular, playwright and activist Tian Han (1898-1968) exemplified the instability of conventional delineations between the avant-garde, popular culture, and political propaganda. Liang Luo traces Tian’s trajectory through key moments in the evolution of twentieth-century Chinese national culture, from the Christian socialist cosmopolitanism of post–WWI Tokyo to the urban modernism of Shanghai in 1920s and 30s, then into the Chinese hinterland during the late 1930s and 40s, and finally to the Communist Beijing of the 1950s, revealing the dynamic interplay of art and politics throughout this period. Understanding Tian in his time sheds light upon a new generation of contemporary Chinese avant-gardists (Ai Wei Wei being the best known), who, half a century later, are similarly engaging national politics and popular culture.
The Java Native Interface (JNI) enables the integration of code written in the Java programming language with code written in other languages such as C and C++. It allows programmers to take full advantage of the Java platform without having to abandon their investment in legacy code. This book is the definitive resource and a comprehensive guide to working with the JNI. Entirely up-to-date, the book offers a tutorial, a detailed description of JNI features and programming techniques, JNI design justifications, and the official specification for all JNI types and functions. You will find coverage of important topics such as: Writing native methods Passing data types between the Java language and native programming languages Embedding a Java virtual machine implementation in native applications Leveraging legacy native libraries Improving the efficiency and reliability of your code An entire chapter is devoted to avoiding common traps and pitfalls. The book uses numerous examples to illustrate programming techniques that have proven to be effective. 0201325772B04062001
English translation and appreciation by Peter Chen and Michael TanReviewed by Chan Chiu MingAn original English translation from the Chinese text: Comprises 60 poems (85 verses) and three prose compositionsOpens a window to the heart and mind of a Chinese scholar who lived from the late Qing through the 1950sReflects the life of a pioneer writer of Malayan-Singapore Chinese Literature: his personal tragedies, struggles, disappointments and the joy in his family, friends and his poetryEnglish explanations for many interesting expressions and allusions used in Chinese classical poetryEnables an English language reader to enjoy the rich and colourful heritage of Chinese culture and language A companion edition of the book in Chinese is available ? the original classical text translated into modern Chinese and profusely annotated by Associate Professor Dr Chan Chiu Ming of National Institute of Education, Singapore.
This book bridges the gap between Business and IT services and proposes an original life-cycle view of the modern service industry. Major solution architectures, technologies and research methods are discussed in the lifecycle of services innovation research. The book provides readers with new research and solution methods to enable IT services and computing technology to better create and manage business services, which is the goal of Services Computing.
Educated Youth. The Lost Generation. They served Mao’s Cultural Revolution as Red Guards in the late 1960s, only to be sacrificed to that same revolution a decade later when they were rusticated to desolate communes and the wastelands of northern China. When they were allowed to return to the cities, they found themselves dislocated once again, this time by the social and economic upheavals of the post-Mao era. A former Red Guard and one of China’s most accomplished satirists, Liang Xiaosheng follows his compatriots as they make their way through the morass of petty corruption, bureaucratic back-biting, and opportunism that is the new New China. In a tone deceptively light and humorous, Liang expresses the financial and sexual frustration, pathetic mediocrity, and impotent resentment of aging “educated youth” trapped in a public sector rendered increasingly superfluous by the brash econonic dynamism of China’s new entrepreneurial class. Mordant and absurdist touches abound in Panic, a hilarious, often heartrending comedy of manners from China’s Roaring Nineties. Liang depicts modern, dysfunctional man as being hopelessly badgered by hypercapitalist performance ratings while Marx and Lenin look on. Deaf, likewise, is high comedy, spinning multiple allegories of truth, faith, and the human condition. Fluently and gracefully translated, these two stories capture the spiritual chaos of today’s China, a place as far removed from the exotic Qing Dynasty court as it is from the political and social turmoil of the Cultural Revolution.
In the context of global efforts to control the production, distribution and use of narcotic drugs, China's treatment of the problem provides an important means of understanding the social, political, and economic limits of national and international policies to regulate drug practices. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, China was known for its national addiction to opium, but its drug-eradication campaigns from the 1950s to the 1970s achieved unprecedented success that ultimately transformed China into a "drug-free" society. However, since the economic reforms and open-door policy of the late twentieth century, China is now facing a re-emergence of the production, use and trafficking of narcotic drugs. Employing case studies and a comparative historical approach, and drawing on a variety of data sources including historical records, official crime data only recently made available, and news reports, this book is the first English-language publication to provide such a comprehensive documentation and analysis of the nature of China's legal regulation of controlled substances. The authors also offer theoretical approaches for studying drug regulation, aspects of drug consumption cultures, the socio-political treatment of drugs during various historical periods and ongoing efforts to legislate drug trade, criminalize drug use and manage the drug addict population within national and international contexts.
A Sword of Dao Seeking swept across the entire place. With a flip of his hand, he turned it into the sky and covered it with his hand. The Heart of Dao could hold the nine heavens and ten earth. With a single thought, life and death would be snatched away. Lust! Desire to defy the heavens! Anger to break through the heavens! The Lover of Love, the Lord of the Heavens and the Earth, oppressing all Golden Immortals!
The objective of this SpringerBrief is to present security architectures and incentive mechanisms to realize system availability for D2D communications. D2D communications enable devices to communicate directly, improving resource utilization, enhancing user’s throughput, extending battery lifetime, etc. However, due to the open nature of D2D communications, there are two substantial technical challenges when applied to large-scale applications, that is, security and availability which is demonstrated in this book. This SpringerBrief proposes a secure data sharing protocol, which merges the advantages of public key cryptography and symmetric encryption, to achieve data security in D2D communications. Furthermore, a joint framework involving both the physical and application layer security technologies is proposed for multimedia service over D2D communications thus the scalable security service can be achieved without changing the current communication framework. Additionally, as the system availability largely depends on the cooperation degree of the users, a graph-theory based cooperative content dissemination scheme is proposed to achieve maximal Quality of Experience (QoE) with fairness and efficiency. This SpringerBrief will be a valuable resource for advanced-level students and researchers who want to learn more about cellular networks.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Web Services, ICWS-Europe 2003, held in Erfurt, Germany, in September 2003. The 16 revised full papers included in the book were carefully reviewed and selected for presentation. The papers are organized in topical sections on constructing and running service-oriented architectures, Web service security, configuration and communication, confluence with agent technology and semantic Web enabled Web services, and current and future issues.
This book introduces readers to the application of orbital data on space objects in the contexts of conjunction assessment and space situation analysis, including theories and methodologies. It addresses the main topics involved in space object conjunction assessment, such as: orbital error analysis of space objects; close approach analysis; the calculation, analysis and application of collision probability; and the comprehensive assessment of collision risk. In addition, selected topics on space situation analysis are also presented, including orbital anomaly and space event analysis, and so on. The book offers a valuable guide for researchers and engineers in the fields of astrodynamics, space telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C), space surveillance, space situational awareness, and space debris, as well as for graduates majoring in flight vehicle design and related fields.
On the night of June 3-4, 1989, Chinese troops violently crushed the largest pro-democracy demonstrations in the history of the communist regime. In this extraordinary collection of hundreds of internal government and Communist Party documents, secretly smuggled out of China, we learn how these events came to pass from behind the scenes. The material reveals how the most important decisions were made; and how the turmoil split the ruling elite into radically opposed factions. The book includes the minutes of the crucial meetings at which the Elders decided to cashier the pro-reform Party secretary Zhao Ziyang and to replace him with Jiang Zemin, to declare martial law, and finally to send the troops to drive the students from the Square. Just as the Pentagon Papers laid bare the secret American decision making behind the Vietnam War and changed forever our view of the nation's political leaders, so too has The Tiananmen Papers altered our perception of how and why the events of June 4 took the shape they did. Its publication has proven to be a landmark event in Chinese and world history.
This is a study of the circuit intendant or taotai under the Ch'ing, particularly the Shanghai taotai. It examines the institutional and historical settings within which the taotai operated and traces the development of the Shanghai taotai office from 1730 through the nineteenth century. The focus of investigation is in examining the adjustment of functions and responsibilities of the taotai and his changing role in the post-Opium War era, particularly in the contexts of foreign relations, modernisation, and local politics. Central to the author's interpretation is the concept of "linkage man" or "linkage position". The Shanghai taotai as a "linkage man" provides vital connection and channel of communication and interaction between two or more separate worlds or value systems and often works as a conflict manager.
Minerals respond texturally and compositionally to changing magmatic environments and preserve a wealth of information regarding magmatic processes and compositions in their crystal-growth stratigraphy. This book reports the detailed petrography and in-situ geochemistry of the clinopyroxene phenocrysts of the mafic dykes in the Jiaodong Peninsula, southeastern North China Craton, including in-situ determinations of major elements, trace elements, Sr isotopic compositions, and H2O contents with further constraints on the petrogenesis and geodynamics of the mafic dykes. Systematic analyses of mineralogical, major, and trace elements, Sr–Nd isotopes, and in-situ S isotopes on the pyrite of the main gold-bearing mineral assemblages and visible gold were conducted, aiming to explore the source of ore-forming materials and the process of Au element migration and deposition. The geodynamic setting of mineralization in the studied region is also summarized.
Angela Ki Che Leung's meticulous study begins with the classical annals of the imperial era, which contain the first descriptions of a feared and stigmatized disorder modern researchers now identify as leprosy. She then tracks the relationship between the disease and China's social and political spheres (theories of contagion prompted community and statewide efforts at segregation); religious traditions (Buddhism and Daoism ascribed redemptive meaning to those suffering from the disease), and evolving medical discourse (Chinese doctors have contested the disease's etiology for centuries). Leprosy even pops up in Chinese folklore, attributing the spread of the contagion to contact with immoral women. Leung next places the history of leprosy into a global context of colonialism, racial politics, and "imperial danger." A perceived global pandemic in the late nineteenth century seemed to confirm Westerners' fears that Chinese immigration threatened public health. Therefore battling to contain, if not eliminate, the disease became a central mission of the modernizing, state-building projects of the late Qing empire, the nationalist government of the first half of the twentieth century, and the People's Republic of China. Stamping out the curse of leprosy was the first step toward achieving "hygienic modernity" and erasing the cultural and economic backwardness associated with the disease. Leung's final move connects China's experience with leprosy to a larger history of public health and biomedical regimes of power, exploring the cultural and political implications of China's Sino-Western approach to the disease.
A comprehensive and systematic treatment of our current understanding of the microfluidic technique and its advantages in the controllable fabrication of advanced functional polymeric materials. Introducing and summarizing recent advances and achievements in the field, the authors cover the design and fabrication of microfluidic devices, the fundamentals and strategies for controllable microfluidic generation of multiphase liquid systems, and the use of these liquid systems with an elaborate combination of their structures and compositions for generating novel polymer materials, such as microcapsules, microfibers, valves, and membranes. Clear diagrams and illustrations throughout the text make the relevant theory and technologies more readily accessible. The result is a specialist reference for materials scientists, organic, polymer and physical chemists, and chemical engineers.
This book is about the harmonious synthesis of functional programming and numerical computation. It shows how the expressiveness of OCaml allows for fast and safe development of data science applications. Step by step, the authors build up to use cases drawn from many areas of Data Science, Machine Learning, and AI, and then delve into how to deploy at scale, using parallel, distributed, and accelerated frameworks to gain all the advantages of cloud computing environments. To this end, the book is divided into three parts, each focusing on a different area. Part I begins by introducing how basic numerical techniques are performed in OCaml, including classical mathematical topics (interpolation and quadrature), statistics, and linear algebra. It moves on from using only scalar values to multi-dimensional arrays, introducing the tensor and Ndarray, core data types in any numerical computing system. It concludes with two more classical numerical computing topics, the solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and Signal Processing, as well as introducing the visualization module we use throughout this book. Part II is dedicated to advanced optimization techniques that are core to most current popular data science fields. We do not focus only on applications but also on the basic building blocks, starting with Algorithmic Differentiation, the most crucial building block that in turn enables Deep Neural Networks. We follow this with chapters on Optimization and Regression, also used in building Deep Neural Networks. We then introduce Deep Neural Networks as well as topic modelling in Natural Language Processing (NLP), two advanced and currently very active fields in both industry and academia. Part III collects a range of case studies demonstrating how you can build a complete numerical application quickly from scratch using Owl. The cases presented include computer vision and recommender systems. This book aims at anyone with a basic knowledge of functional programming and a desire to explore the world of scientific computing, whether to generally explore the field in the round, to build applications for particular topics, or to deep-dive into how numerical systems are constructed. It does not assume strict ordering in reading – readers can simply jump to the topic that interests them most.
The application of systems biology methods to Traditional Chinese Medicine Emphasizing the harmony of the human body with the environment, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has evolved over thousands of years. It is a systemic theory derived from clinical experience, the philosophy of holism and systematology, and the belief that man is an integral part of nature. Systems Biology for Traditional Chinese Medicine describes how the latest methods in systems biology can be applied to TCM, providing a comprehensive resource for the modernization and advancement of TCM as well as general drug discovery efforts. It is the first comprehensive work to propose a system-to-system research methodology to study the interaction between TCM and the human body and its applications in drug research and development. Using three popular traditional Chinese medicines—Shuanglongfang, Qingkailing, and Liushenwan—as examples, the authors set forth case examples demonstrating how to find material groups, perform efficacy screenings, and conduct safety evaluations of TCM. The book also: Describes the mechanisms of TCM at the molecular and systems levels using chemomics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics Places modern scientific technologies within the context of TCM, helping drug researchers improve experimental designs and strategies Illustrates how a systems biology approach is compatible with TCM's traditional, holistic therapeutic strategies and treatment modalities Presents topics of current interest, such as integrated global systems biology and the application of chemometrics research to herbal medicines This book not only opens a new pathway for the continued development of TCM, but also for systems biology. In addition, it fosters collaboration and discussion among Eastern and Western scientists by applying systems biology to TCM.
Tales of the Teahouse Retold is based on the author's original translation of Feng Shen Yan Yi, an important volume of Chinese mythology first published during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). It is the story of the overthrow the Shang Dynasty (circa 1766-1122 BC) and the founding of the Chou Dynasty (1122-249 BC). Combining historical facts, folklore, mythology, and legends, these tales describe a time when gods and men, beasts and monsters, and spirits and specters mingled with each other in peace and war. The saga begins when King Zhou of Shang offends the Snail Goddess, who sends three specters to bewitch the king in retribution. The kingdom falls into chaos and civil war ensues, with gods and other supernatural beings taking sides. In the end, many of the slain heroes are invested as gods. For centuries, the tale was told in successive story-telling sessions as teahouse entertainment. The author has faithfully kept to the original style and ambience in retelling these tales. Tales of the Teahouse Retold will be of interest to fans of oriental mythology, philosophy, and literature. It is suitable for recreational reading as well as supplemental reading for students of Chinese history and culture.
This book aims to explore the development model of Great Bay Area (GBA) of China as economic engine under the context of open policy. Based on comprehensive research, both theoretically and practically, on the leading free ports in the world and the regional development of well-known bay areas, it analyzes the challenges and opportunities of GBA synergetic free ports. A series of initiatives on the development of GBA synergetic free ports are proposed, including the synergy of space, industry, finance, technological innovation, institution, social governance, and personnel. Also, it ends with a system dynamic model to simulate the regional impact on GBA synergetic free ports, which indicates that economic development, trade, government finance, and population agglomeration would be improved significantly, in the GBA synergetic free ports scenario.
The new model for business and personal relationships based on the simple yet profound principle of mentoring--both giving and receiving knowledge in a creative mutual exchange.
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