This discerning book examines China’s newly developed soft-intervention policy towards North Korea, Myanmar and the two Sudans by examining China’s diplomatic statements and behaviours. It also highlights the Chinese soft-intervention policy in economic manipulation and diplomatic persuasion in the recent generations of Chinese leadership under Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping.
Nonlinear dynamics is still a hot and challenging topic. In this edited book, we focus on fractional dynamics, infinite dimensional dynamics defined by the partial differential equation, network dynamics, fractal dynamics, and their numerical analysis and simulation.Fractional dynamics is a new topic in the research field of nonlinear dynamics which has attracted increasing interest due to its potential applications in the real world, such as modeling memory processes and materials. In this part, basic theory for fractional differential equations and numerical simulations for these equations will be introduced and discussed.In the infinite dimensional dynamics part, we emphasize on numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, including constructing various numerical methods and computing the corresponding limit sets, etc.In the last part, we show interest in network dynamics and fractal dynamics together with numerical simulations as well as their applications.
This book develops a set of reference methods capable of modeling uncertainties existing in membership functions, and analyzing and synthesizing the interval type-2 fuzzy systems with desired performances. It also provides numerous simulation results for various examples, which fill certain gaps in this area of research and may serve as benchmark solutions for the readers. Interval type-2 T-S fuzzy models provide a convenient and flexible method for analysis and synthesis of complex nonlinear systems with uncertainties.
A comprehensive book focusing on the Force Analogy Method, a novel method for nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulation This book focusses on the Force Analogy Method, a novel method for nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulation. A review of the current nonlinear analysis method for earthquake engineering will be summarized and explained. Additionally, how the force analogy method can be used in nonlinear static analysis will be discussed through several nonlinear static examples. The emphasis of this book is to extend and develop the force analogy method to performing dynamic analysis on structures under earthquake excitations, where the force analogy method is incorporated in the flexural element, axial element, shearing element and so on will be exhibited. Moreover, the geometric nonlinearity into nonlinear dynamic analysis algorithm based on the force analogy method is included. The application of the force analogy method in seismic design for buildings and structural control area is discussed and combined with practical engineering.
A new and complete treatment of semi-abelian degenerations of abelian varieties, and their application to the construction of arithmetic compactifications of Siegel moduli space, with most of the results being published for the first time. Highlights of the book include a classification of semi-abelian schemes, construction of the toroidal and the minimal compactification over the integers, heights for abelian varieties over number fields, and Eichler integrals in several variables, together with a new approach to Siegel modular forms. A valuable source of reference for researchers and graduate students interested in algebraic geometry, Shimura varieties or diophantine geometry.
Heat exchangers with minichannel and microchannel flow passages are becoming increasingly popular because of their ability to remove large heat fluxes under single-phase and two-phase applications. Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Minichannels and Microchannels serves as a sourcebook for those individuals involved in the design processes of microchannel flow passages in a heat exchanger. - This book manages to present its findings in a manner that is directly useful to a designer, while a researcher is able to use the information in developing new models, or in identifying research needs - Each chapter is accompanied by a 'real life' case study - First book published solely dealing with heat and fluid flow in minichannels and microchannels
Antibiofouling Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Applications covers most recent advances, challenges, and industrial applications of antibiofouling membranes to help in reducing cost and increasing sustainability of long term-filtration performance of membranes in water and wastewater treatment. This book will provide a compact source of relevant and timely information on antibiofouling membranes and will be of great interest to scientists, engineers, industry R&D personnel, and graduate students engaged in the development, engineering scale-up, and applications of antibiofouling membranes, as well as other readers who are interested in microfiltration, membrane bioreactor, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and related topics. - Covers scientific and engineering principles of antibiofouling membranes for water and wastewater treatment - Unravels the structure-preparation-property-application relationship of antibiofouling membranes - Provides advanced design strategies of antibiofouling membrane materials - Summarizes and critically discusses antibiofouling membrane materials based on biocidal nanomaterials and quaternary ammonium compounds - Focuses on the state-of-the-art applications of antibiofouling membranes for water and wastewater treatment
One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Electrospinning Technique and Unique Nanofibers is a comprehensive book depicting the electrospinning technique and related 1D unique electrospun nanofibers. The first part of the book focuses on electrospinning technique, with chapters describing Electrospinning setup, electrospinning theories, and related working parameter. The second part of the book describes in detail specific topics on how to control the electrospun fiber properties such as how to control the fiber direction, how to control the fiber surface morphology, how to control the fiber structure, and how to construct 3D structures by electrospun fibers. The final part of the book depicts the applications of the electrospun nanofibers, with sections describing in detail specific fields such as electrospun nanofiber reinforcement, filtration, electronic devices, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, biomedical field, and so on. One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Electrospinning Technique and Unique Nanofibers is designed to bring state-of-the-art on electrospinning together into a single book and will be valuable resource for scientists in the electrospinning field and other scientists involved in biomedical field, mechanical field, materials, and energy field. Dr. Zhenyu Li is an associate professor at the Dept. of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China. Currently, he also holds the position in Australian Future Fibres Research & Innovation Centre, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Dr. Ce Wang is a professor at the Dept. of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China.
TRANSPORTERS AND DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN DRUG TOXICITY Explore up-to-date coverage on the interaction between drug metabolism enzymes, transporters, and drug toxicity with this leading resources Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity delivers a comprehensive and updated review of the relationship between drug metabolism, transporters, and toxicity, providing insights into a major challenge in drug development – accurate assessment of human drug toxicity. Combining two disciplines frequently considered independently of one another, the book combines drug metabolism and toxicology with a focus on the role of biotransformation on drug toxicity and as a major factor for species and individual differences. Mechanism and species differences in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters are discussed, as are the methods used to investigate the role of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in drug toxicity. Finally, the distinguished authors describe promising new experimental approaches to accurately assessing human drug toxicity via the consideration of human-specific drug metabolism in toxicity assays. In addition to topics as diverse as extended clearance models, experimental approaches for the estimation of DILI potential of drug candidates and roles of transporters in renal drug toxicity, readers will also enjoy the inclusion of such subjects as: A thorough overview of and introduction to drug metabolism and transporters and drug toxicity An exploration of drug metabolism enzymes and transporter activities as risk factors of marketed drugs associated with drug-induced fatalities A discussion of human-based in vitro experimental models for the evaluation of metabolism-dependent drug toxicity A treatment of mechanism-based experimental models for the evaluation of BSEP inhibition and DILI An examination of transporters and cochlea toxicity Perfect for scientists, students, and practitioners with interests in metabolism, toxicology, and drug development in the pharmaceutical industry, Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity will also earn a place in the libraries of medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, biochemists, toxicologists, and regulators in the pharmaceutical and health industries.
In Li-ion batteries, the transportation of ions between positive and negative electrodes relies on organic electrolytes with a low flammable point. Applications of this type of electrolyte lead to various safety problems. In addition, the commercially available organic electrolytes presently can be used only up to about 4.5V. It is therefore important to develop better electrode materials and explore new nonflammable electrolytes and new battery formats. The present book focuses on these problems.
The up-to-DATE guide to name reactions in heterocyclic chemistry Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry II presents a comprehensive treatise on name reactions in heterocyclic chemistry, one of the most exciting and important fields within organic chemistry today. The book not only covers fresh ground, but also provides extensive information on new and/or expanded reactions in: Three- and four-membered heterocycles Five-membered heterocycles (pyrroles and pyrrolidines, indoles, furans, thiophenes, and oxazoles) Six-membered heterocycles, including pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines Featuring contributions from the leading authorities in heterocyclic chemistry. Each section includes a description of the given reaction, as well as the relevant historical perspective, mechanism, variations and improvements, synthetic utilities, experimental details, and references to the current primary literature. The reactions covered in Name Reactions in Heterocyclic Chemistry have been widely adopted in all areas of organic synthesis, from the medicinal/pharmaceutical field, to agriculture, to fine chemicals, and the book brings the most cutting-edge knowledge to practicing synthetic chemists and students, along with the tools needed to synthesize new and useful molecules.
This thesis aims to develop a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for the new directions in both silicon carbon (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) epitaxial growth. The properties of the grown epitaxial layers are investigated in detail in order to have a deep understanding. SiC is a promising wide band gap semiconductor material which could be utilized for fabricating high-power and high-frequency devices. 3C-SiC is the only polytype with a cubic structure and has superior physical properties over other common SiC polytypes, such as high hole/electron mobility and low interface trap density with oxide. Due to lack of commercial native substrates, 3C-SiC is mainly grown on the cheap silicon (Si) substrates. However, there’s a large mismatch in both lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients leading to a high density of defects in the epitaxial layers. In paper 1, the new CVD solution for growing high quality double-position-boundaries free 3C-SiC using on-axis 4H-SiC substrates is presented. Reproducible growth parameters, including temperature, C/Si ratio, ramp-up condition, Si/H2 ratio, N2 addition and pressure, are covered in this study. GaN is another attractive wide band gap semiconductor for power devices and optoelectronic applications. In the GaN-based transistors, carbon is often exploited to dope the buffer layer to be semi-insulating in order to isolate the device active region from the substrate. The conventional way is to use the carbon atoms on the gallium precursor and control the incorporation by tuning the process parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure. However, there’s a risk of obtaining bad morphology and thickness uniformity if the CVD process is not operated in an optimal condition. In addition, carbon source from the graphite insulation and improper coated graphite susceptor may also contribute to the doping in a CVD reactor, which is very difficult to be controlled in a reproducible way. Therefore, in paper 2, intentional carbon doping of (0001) GaN using six hydrocarbon precursors, i.e. methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), propane (C3H8), iso-butane (i-C4H10) and trimethylamine (N(CH3)3), have been explored. In paper 3, propane is chosen for carbon doping when growing the high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure on a quarter of 3-inch 4H-SiC wafer. The quality of epitaxial layer and fabricated devices is evaluated. In paper 4, the behaviour of carbon doping using carbon atoms from the gallium precursor, trimethylgallium (Ga(CH3)3), is explained by thermochemical and quantum chemical modelling and compared with the experimental results. GaN is commonly grown on foreign substrates, such as sapphire (Al2O3), Si and SiC, resulting in high stress and high threading dislocation densities. Hence, bulk GaN substrates are preferred for epitaxy. In paper 5, the morphological, structural and luminescence properties of GaN epitaxial layers grown on N-face free-standing GaN substrates are studied since the N-face GaN has advantageous characteristics compared to the Ga-face GaN. In paper 6, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) technique is used to study the properties of AlGaN/GaN epitaxial layers grown on both Ga-face and N-face free-standing GaN substrates. A PL line located at ~3.41 eV is only emerged on the sample grown on the Ga-face substrate, which is suggested to associate with two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) emission.
Technology computer-aided design, or TCAD, is critical to today’s semiconductor technology and anybody working in this industry needs to know something about TCAD. This book is about how to use computer software to manufacture and test virtually semiconductor devices in 3D. It brings to life the topic of semiconductor device physics, with a hands-on, tutorial approach that de-emphasizes abstract physics and equations and emphasizes real practice and extensive illustrations. Coverage includes a comprehensive library of devices, representing the state of the art technology, such as SuperJunction LDMOS, GaN LED devices, etc.
This volume carries the same title as that of an international conference held at the National University of Singapore, 9OCo11 January 2006 on the occasion of Roger E. Howe''s 60th birthday. Authored by leading members of the Lie theory community, these contributions, expanded from invited lectures given at the conference, are a fitting tribute to the originality, depth and influence of Howe''s mathematical work. The range and diversity of the topics will appeal to a broad audience of research mathematicians and graduate students interested in symmetry and its profound applications. Sample Chapter(s). Foreword (21 KB). Chapter 1: The Theta Correspondence Over R (342 KB). Contents: The Theta Correspondence over R (J Adams); The Heisenberg Group, SL (3, R), and Rigidity (A iap et al.); Pfaffians and Strategies for Integer Choice Games (R Evans & N Wallach); When is an L -Function Non-Vanishing in Part of the Critical Strip? (S Gelbart); Cohomological Automorphic Forms on Unitary Groups, II: Period Relations and Values of L -Functions (M Harris); The Inversion Formula and Holomorphic Extension of the Minimal Representation of the Conformal Group (T Kobayashi & G Mano); Classification des S(r)ries Discr tes pour Certains Groupes Classiques p- Adiques (C Moeglin); Some Algebras of Essentially Compact Distributions of a Reductive p -Adic Group (A Moy & M Tadic); Annihilators of Generalized Verma Modules of the Scalar Type for Classical Lie Algebras (T Oshima); Branching to a Maximal Compact Subgroup (D A Vogan, Jr.); Small Semisimple Subalgebras of Semisimple Lie Algebras (J F Willenbring & G J Zuckerman). Readership: Graduate students and research mathematicians in harmonic analysis, group representations, automorphic forms and invariant theory.
This discerning book examines China’s newly developed soft-intervention policy towards North Korea, Myanmar and the two Sudans by examining China’s diplomatic statements and behaviours. It also highlights the Chinese soft-intervention policy in economic manipulation and diplomatic persuasion in the recent generations of Chinese leadership under Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping.
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