Who will govern China at the dawn of the twenty-first century? What are the social backgrounds and career paths of the new generation of leaders? How do they differ from their predecessors in their responses to perplexing economic and sociopolitical challenges? Drawing upon a wealth of both quantitative and qualitative data on the so-called fourth generation of leaders—those who were young during the Cultural Revolution—Cheng Li sheds valuable light on these key questions. He shows that this group is more diversified than previous generations of CCP leaders in formative experiences, political solidarity, ideological conviction, and occupational background. The author explores the contradictions between political leaders and non-elite peers in the same generation—those approaching middle age who were barred from education during the Mao era and now often are unemployed and disenchanted with the government. The book concludes with the intriguing notion that this generation of leaders may have a better understanding of its peers' needs and concerns and therefore may make the regime more accountable to its people, thus contributing to, rather than opposing, democratic development.
At the end of the Warring States Period, the Qin Kingdom began to become more and more powerful after the Shang Martingale Change Method was adopted. After the internal strife of Lao Ai and Lu Buwei, the First Emperor, Ying Zheng, appointed Li Si as the prime minister, and Wang Jian and Huan Gonggong as the grand generals. This action infuriated all the people in the world. Some of them raised their hands to fight back, and the most powerful force was the Mo family. Since the Mo family had always followed the strategy of "loving each other but attacking each other", the world's righteous scholars all responded, and those who responded threw life and death away, and the people of the martial world all revered them as "ink people". Faced with the pressure of the Blizzard Qin, could the Mo family turn the tide? This was how a life-and-death duel would begin? [Previous Chapter] [Table of Contents] [Next Chapter]
This book introduces a unique, packet-based co-design control framework for networked control systems. It begins by providing a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art research on networked control systems, giving readers a general overview of the field. It then verifies the proposed control framework both theoretically and experimentally – the former using multiple control methodologies, and the latter using a unique online test rig for networked control systems. The framework investigates in detail the most common, communication constraints, including network-induced delays, data packet dropout, data packet disorders, and network access constraints, as well as multiple controller design and system analysis tools such as model predictive control, linear matrix inequalities and optimal control. This unique and complete co-design framework greatly benefits researchers, graduate students and engineers in the fields of control theory and engineering.
Chinese politics are at a crossroads as President Xi Jinping amasses personal power and tests the constraints of collective leadership. In the years since he became general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012, Xi Jinping has surprised many people in China and around the world with his bold anti-corruption campaign and his aggressive consolidation of power. Given these new developments, we must rethink how we analyze Chinese politics—an urgent task as China now has more influence on the global economy and regional security than at any other time in modern history. Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era examines how the structure and dynamics of party leadership have evolved since the late 1990s and argues that "inner-party democracy"—the concept of collective leadership that emphasizes deal making based on accepted rules and norms—may pave the way for greater transformation within China's political system. Xi's legacy will largely depend on whether he encourages or obstructs this trend of political institutionalization in the governance of the world's most populous and increasingly pluralistic country. Cheng Li also addresses the recruitment and composition of the political elite, a central concern in Chinese politics. China analysts will benefit from the meticulously detailed biographical information of the 376 members of the 18th Central Committee, including tables and charts detailing their family background, education, occupation, career patterns, and mentor-patron ties.
Despite the significance of the Taiwan issue to US-China relations as well as regional stability in the Asia-Pacific, one could hardly find a comprehensive and thorough study of China's Taiwan policy. This book aims to make up for the deficit by providing a systematic and in-depth analysis of the evolution of China's Taiwan policy over the past six decades, against the backdrop of a three-player game involving Beijing, Washington and Taipei. The intention is to show that despite Beijing's uncompromising adherence to the One-China principle, China's leaders have maintained remarkable flexibility in interpreting and implementing it. Moreover, while domestic factors (e.g., nationalistic sentiment, political stability, and economic development) do affect Beijing's calculus, China's Taiwan policy invariably accords with the ups and downs in its international environment, especially the complexities of the US-China relations.
This book offers an overview of Chinese medicine terminology translation, defining the central concepts in Chinese traditional medicine, providing simplified Chinese characters, Mandarin Pronunciation in pinyin, citations for 110 of the most key concepts in traditional Chinese medicine and culture. Covering definitions of terms relating to visceral manifestation, meridians, etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment principles in traditional medicine, it offers a selection of English versions of each term in addition to a standard of English version, drawing on the translation history of traditional Chinese medicine. It provides a useful resource to understand the fundamental terms of traditional Chinese medicine and culture in Chinese and English, and their relevance to cross-cultural discourse.
This book offers an overview of Chinese medicine terminology translation, defining the central concepts in Chinese traditional medicine, providing simplified Chinese characters, Mandarin Pronunciation in pinyin, citations for 110 of the most key concepts in traditional Chinese medicine and culture. Covering definitions of terms relating to visceral manifestation, meridians, etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment principles in traditional medicine, it offers a selection of English versions of each term in addition to a standard of English version, drawing on the translation history of traditional Chinese medicine. It provides a useful resource to understand the fundamental terms of traditional Chinese medicine and culture in Chinese and English, and their relevance to cross-cultural discourse.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of Chinese medicine terminology translation, defining the most central concepts in Chinese traditional medicine, providing simplified Chinese characters, Mandarin Pronunciation in pinyin, citations for 111 of the most key concepts in traditional Chinese medicine and culture. Covering definitions of terms relating to essence, qi, yin-yang theory, five elements and visceral manifestation in traditional medicine, it offers a selection of English versions of each term in addition to a standard English version, drawing on the translation history of traditional Chinese medicine. It provides a useful resource to understand the fundamental terms of traditional Chinese medicine and culture in Chinese and English, and their relevance to cross-cultural discourse.
This well-respected reference represents a synthesis of the clinical experience gained in the treatment of a wide variety of disorders throughout four generations of one of China's leading practitioners of traditional acupuncture. It presents a unique blend of pattern identification-based point combinations, practical insights, scholarly commentaries, and representative case histories. Applications are derived from a selection of 86 commonly used points, presented in a clear, easy-to-follow layout. Clinical Application of Commonly Used Acupuncture Points is a valuable clinical resource for acupuncturists. 86 of the points most commonly used in acupuncture clinics are emphasized, allowing professionals to focus on the essential points. Over 240 detailed case histories illustrate key concepts. Pattern identification-based treatment is presented as a holistic approach for better results. Clinical experience is offered in combination with classical theory, enabling readers to see how theory can translate into practical results. A wide range of point combinations are covered, increasing the possible range of treatment strategies. Classical commentaries are analyzed in the context of their relevance to today's applications. Illustrations help readers understand the channel pathways and point locations.
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