Leigh A. Gardner's Books

Sovereignty without Power

Liberia in the Age of Empires, 1822–1980

By: Leigh A. Gardner

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Sovereignty without Power

Liberia in the Age of Empires, 1822–1980

By: Leigh A. Gardner

What did independence mean during the age of empires? How did independent governments balance different interests when they made policies about trade, money and access to foreign capital? Sovereignty without Power tells the story of Liberia, one of the few African countries to maintain independence through the colonial period. Established in 1822 as a colony for freed slaves from the United States, Liberia's history illustrates how the government's efforts to exercise its economic sovereignty and engage with the global economy shaped Liberia's economic and political development over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Drawing together a wide range of archival sources, Leigh A. Gardner presents the first quantitative estimates of Liberian's economic performance and uses these to compare it to its colonized neighbors and other independent countries. Liberia's history anticipated challenges still faced by developing countries today, and offers a new perspective on the role of power and power relationships in shaping Africa's economic history.

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Page Count

363

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1009190970

ISBN 13

9781009190978

Taxing Colonial Africa

The Political Economy of British Imperialism

By: Leigh A. Gardner

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Taxing Colonial Africa

The Political Economy of British Imperialism

By: Leigh A. Gardner

How much did the British Empire cost, and how did Britain pay for it? Taxing Colonial Africa explores a source of funds much neglected in research on the financial structure of the Empire, namely revenue raised in the colonies themselves. Requiring colonies to be financially self-sufficient was one of a range of strategies the British government used to lower the cost of imperial expansion to its own Treasury. Focusing on British colonies in Africa, Leigh Gardner examines how their efforts to balance their budgets influenced their relationships with local political stakeholders as well as the imperial government. She finds that efforts to balance the budget shaped colonial public policy at every level, and that compromises made in the face of financial constraints shaped the political and economic institutions that were established by colonial administrations and inherited by the former colonies at independence. Using both quantitative data on public revenue and expenditure as well as archival records from archives in both the UK and the former colonies, Gardner follows the development of fiscal policies in British Africa from the beginning of colonial rule through the first years of independence. During the formative years of colonial administration, both the structure of taxation and the allocation of public spending reflected the two central goals of colonial rule: maintaining order as cheaply as possible and encouraging export production. Taxing Colonial Africa examines how the fiscal systems established before 1914 coped with the upheavals of subsequent decades, including the two World Wars, the Great Depression, and finally the transfer of power.

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Page Count

288

Publisher

OUP Oxford

Published Date

ISBN 10

0191637556

ISBN 13

9780191637551

The Naïve Shakespearean

By: JOHN R. LEIGH

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The Naïve Shakespearean

By: JOHN R. LEIGH

John R Leigh, born in Bolton, Lancashire, and educated in Cambridge, was musical, mathematical, scientific and literary. At school in the 1930s, his headmaster told him there would be no more wars and no need for more scientists. His life then ranged first from languages teacher, radar technician and RAF flight lieutenant in WWII, to marriage with a talented and literary American wife. After the war, John changed career to retrain in engineering—for a married man, a brave decision. Over the years, the keen theatre-going couple saw many diverse plays. Convinced that he had found an original approach to seeing Shakespearean dramas, he spent happy years describing and refining his thoughts: what ideas, prejudices and religious beliefs would surface in the minds of Shakespeare’s own audience, the groundlings and nobles? In our day, we cannot help but react with our own beliefs and social customs; yet in Globe Theatre, how would people have responded to seeing a ghost in the early sixteenth century? Rather differently than nowadays, John thought. (Hamlet studies form the greater part of his collected work.) Suppose you were seeing Hamlet for the first time: hence the title ‘The Naïve Shakespearean’.

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Page Count

344

Publisher

Paragon Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1782224556

ISBN 13

9781782224556

Public Execution in England, 1573-1868, Part I Vol 1

By: Leigh Yetter

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Public Execution in England, 1573-1868, Part I Vol 1

By: Leigh Yetter

The execution narrative was a popular genre in early modern England. This facsimile edition draws together a representative selection of texts to show the evolution of the genre from the late sixteenth century to the end of public execution in England nearly 300 years later.

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Page Count

323

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Published Date

ISBN 10

1040246966

ISBN 13

9781040246962

Book's by Leigh A. Gardner

Sovereignty without Power

Sovereignty without Power

Taxing Colonial Africa

Taxing Colonial Africa

The Naïve Shakespearean

The Naïve Shakespearean

Public Execution in England, 1573-1868, Part I Vol 1

Public Execution in England, 1573-1868, Part I Vol 1

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