In this book, the authors highlight the latest research findings on the security and privacy of federated learning systems. The main attacks and counterattacks in this booming field are presented to readers in connection with inference, poisoning, generative adversarial networks, differential privacy, secure multi-party computation, homomorphic encryption, and shuffle, respectively. The book offers an essential overview for researchers who are new to the field, while also equipping them to explore this “uncharted territory.” For each topic, the authors first present the key concepts, followed by the most important issues and solutions, with appropriate references for further reading. The book is self-contained, and all chapters can be read independently. It offers a valuable resource for master’s students, upper undergraduates, Ph.D. students, and practicing engineers alike.
This book presents the data privacy protection which has been extensively applied in our current era of big data. However, research into big data privacy is still in its infancy. Given the fact that existing protection methods can result in low data utility and unbalanced trade-offs, personalized privacy protection has become a rapidly expanding research topic.In this book, the authors explore emerging threats and existing privacy protection methods, and discuss in detail both the advantages and disadvantages of personalized privacy protection. Traditional methods, such as differential privacy and cryptography, are discussed using a comparative and intersectional approach, and are contrasted with emerging methods like federated learning and generative adversarial nets. The advances discussed cover various applications, e.g. cyber-physical systems, social networks, and location-based services. Given its scope, the book is of interest to scientists, policy-makers, researchers, and postgraduates alike.
This book introduces readers to a workload-aware methodology for large-scale graph algorithm optimization in graph-computing systems, and proposes several optimization techniques that can enable these systems to handle advanced graph algorithms efficiently. More concretely, it proposes a workload-aware cost model to guide the development of high-performance algorithms. On the basis of the cost model, the book subsequently presents a system-level optimization resulting in a partition-aware graph-computing engine, PAGE. In addition, it presents three efficient and scalable advanced graph algorithms – the subgraph enumeration, cohesive subgraph detection, and graph extraction algorithms. This book offers a valuable reference guide for junior researchers, covering the latest advances in large-scale graph analysis; and for senior researchers, sharing state-of-the-art solutions based on advanced graph algorithms. In addition, all readers will find a workload-aware methodology for designing efficient large-scale graph algorithms.
Asymmetric Organocatalysis 2 from the Science of Synthesis series gives an authoritative, broad overview of the field, compiled by 3 8 experts, as well as a critical presentation of the best organocatalytic and related methodologies available today for practical as ymmetric synthesis. It provides alternative, greener syntheses with simple and easily used catalysts helping avoid the use of expens ive and/or toxic metals. The reference work covers all the catalysts and reactions within the activation modes Brønsted base catalys is and Brønsted acid catalysis. Typical or general experimental procedures as well as mechanistic, technical and theoretical aspects are included, allowing the reader to clearly see how simple, clean and efficient this chemistry is. // The content of this e-book w as originally published in December 2011.
Robots interact with the world through curves and surfaces — the subjects of study in differential geometry. This book applies the moving-frame method, developed extensively by Élie Cartan, and the adjoint approach, conceived by Ernesto Cesàro, to study the kinematics of two surfaces subject to rolling contact and sliding-rolling contact to demonstrate the applications in robotic in-hand manipulation.Firstly, it explores two surfaces, and the geometry of both surfaces comes into play. Secondly, the book focuses on the geometry of the two surfaces within the encompassing space (extrinsic) rather than within the surfaces (intrinsic) because the book is concerned with the kinematics of one surface in three-dimensional Euclidean space — the real world. The book then concludes by applying this approach in robotic in-hand manipulation in the last chapter.
Develop natural solutions to biomedical problems with this introduction A natural polymer is one that forms from biosynthetic or biochemical processes typically found in nature, with corresponding advantages in biocompatibility and biodegradability. These advantages give natural polymers a range of applications, from the use of polysaccharides as structural components to the use of polyphenols as antioxidant active ingredients. In biomedical engineering they are clearly preferable to synthetic polymers in numerous cases, and their applications are more numerous every day. Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications offers a comprehensive summary of these polymers and their biomedical applications. It covers the sources, structures, and properties of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and polypeptides, as well as analyzing the latest advances in polymer-based biomedical technologies. The result has ramifications in a vast range of industries and research areas. In Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications readers will also find: Applications including drug and cell delivery, cell and organoid cultures, tissue regeneration, and more Detailed analysis of alginate, cellulose, quercetin, silk fibroin, and many others A logical, easy-to-use structure to facilitate rapid access to pertinent information Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications is ideal for materials scientists, polymer chemists, biochemists, and any researcher or professional in biomedical or pharmaceutical industries.
Metamaterials, including their two-dimensional counterparts, are composed of subwavelength-scale artificial particles. These materials have novel electromagnetic properties, and can be artificially tailored for various applications. Based on metamaterials and metasurfaces, many abnormal physical phenomena have been realized, such as negative refraction, invisible cloaking, abnormal reflection and focusing, and many new functions and devices have been developed. The effective medium theory lays the foundation for design and application of metamaterials and metasurfaces, connecting metamaterials with real world applications. In this Element, the authors combine these essential ingredients, and aim to make this Element an access point to this field. To this end, they review classical theories for dielectric functions, effective medium theory, and effective parameter extraction of metamaterials, also introducing front edge technologies like metasurfaces with theories, methods, and potential applications. Energy densities are also included.
Metamaterials: Beyond Crystals, Noncrystals, and Quasicrystals is a comprehensive and updated research monograph that focuses on recent advances in metamaterials based on the effective medium theory in microwave frequencies. Most of these procedures were conducted in the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, China. The book conveys the essential concept of metamaterials from the microcosmic structure to the macroscopic electromagnetic properties and helps readers quickly obtain needed skills in creating new devices at microwave frequencies using metamaterials. The authors present the latest progress on metamaterials and transformation optics and provide abundant examples of metamaterial-based devices accompanied with detailed procedures to simulate, fabricate, and measure them. Comprised of ten chapters, the book comprehensively covers both the fundamentals and the applications of metamaterials. Along with an introduction to the subject, the first three chapters discuss effective medium theory and artificial particles. The next three chapters cover homogeneous metamaterials (super crystals), random metamaterials (super noncrystals), and inhomogeneous metamaterials (super quasicrystals). The final four chapters examine gradient-index inhomogeneous metamaterials, nearly isotropic inhomogeneous metamaterials, and anisotropic inhomogeneous metamaterials, after which the authors provide their conclusions and closing remarks. The book is completely self-contained, making it easy to follow.
This book vividly shows the fostering environment, activity characteristics, distribution pattern, economic losses, casualties, disaster risks and management of earthquakes, mass movement, drought, floods, and marine disasters in the Silk Road region. It develops a multi-scale and multi-disaster risk assessment method to better assess and understand the Silk Road disaster risk. A multi-level collaborative risk management model has been proposed for transboundary disasters, and it also shares case studies on major disaster risk management. The book makes a major step forward to increase the understanding of the disaster risk of the Silk Road region. It presents a holistic understanding of the natural hazards and their induced disaster risks and is a valuable read for scholars, stakeholders and practitioners in the DRR community.
This SpringerBrief presents the concept of the smart grid architecture and investigates the security issues of the smart grid and the existing encrypted data query techniques. Unique characteristics of smart grid impose distinguished challenges on this investigation, such as multidimensional attributes in metering data and finer grained query on each dimension. Three kinds of queries are introduced, namely, equality query, conjunctive query and range query. For the equality query over encrypted metering data, an efficient searchable encryption scheme is introduced and can be applied for auction in emerging smart grid marketing. Later chapters examine the conjunctive query and range query over encrypted data. Different techniques are used, including the Public key Encryption with Keyword Search (PEKS) and Hidden Vector Encryption (HVE), to construct the comparison predicate and range query predicate. Their correctness is demonstrated in the book. Concise and practical, Encrypted Data Querying in Smart Grids is valuable for professionals and researchers involved in data privacy or encryption. It is also useful for graduate students interested in smart grid and related technologies.
This book brings together policies, practices, and identities pertaining to doctoral publication through an in-depth longitudinal multiple-case study of doctoral students’ scholarly publishing endeavors. Informed by the theoretical frameworks of neoliberalism and activity theory, it examines doctoral students’ scholarly publishing activities within the context of their doctoral studies. It demonstrates how policies, practices, and identities intersect with each other and reveals how policies may shape doctoral students’ publishing practices and evolving identities. Postgraduates, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of applied linguistics and doctoral education will find it of particular interest. It is also a valuable guide for doctoral students seeking to have their work published and supervisors looking to support their doctoral students’ publishing efforts.
In recent years, we have witnessed a rapid expansion of using super-thin metasurfaces to manipulate light or electromagnetic wave in a subwavelength scale. However, most designs are confined to a passive scheme and monofunctional operation, which hinders considerably the promising applications of the metasurfaces. Specifically, the tunable and multifunctional metasurfaces enable to facilitate switchable functionalities and multiple functionalities which are extremely essential and useful for integrated optics and microwaves, well alleviating aforementioned issues. In this book, we introduce our efforts in exploring the physics principles, design approaches, and numerical and experimental demonstrations on the fascinating functionalities realized. We start by introducing in Chapter 2 the "merging" scheme in constructing multi-functional metadevices, paying particular attention to its shortcomings issues. Having understood the merits and disadvantages of the "merging" scheme, we then introduce in Chapter 3 another approach to realize bifunctional metadevices under linearly polarized excitations, working in both reflection and transmission geometries or even in the full space. As a step further, we summarizes our efforts in Chapter 4 on making multifunctional devices under circularly polarized excitations, again including designing principles and devices fabrications/characterizations. Starting from Chapter 5, we turn to introduce our efforts on using the "active" scheme to construct multifunctional metadevices under linearly polarized wave operation. Chapter 6 further concentrates on how to employ the tunable strategy to achieve helicity/frequency controls of the circularly polarized waves in reflection geometry. We finally conclude this book in Chapter 7 by presenting our perspectives on future directions of metasurfaces and metadevices.
This book presents a systematic, comprehensive and up-to-date description of the physical basis of the balance equation transport theory and its applications in bulk and low-dimensional semiconductors. The different aspects of the balance equation method, originally proposed by C S Ting and the author of the present book, were reviewed in the volume entitled Physics of Hot Electron Transport in Semiconductors (edited by C S Ting, World Scientific, 1992). Since then, this method has been extensively developed and applied to various new fields, such as transport in nonparabolic systems, spatially nonuniform systems and semiconductor devices, miniband conduction of superlattices, hot-electron magnetotransport, effects of impact ionization in transport, microwave-induced magnetoresistance oscillation, radiation-driven transport and electron cooling, etc. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, the balance equation approach has become a useful tool to tackle the many transport phenomena in semiconductors, and provides a reliable basis for developing theories, modeling devices and explaining experiments.The book may be used as a textbook by graduate students. It will also benefit researchers in the field by helping them grasp the basic principles and techniques of the method, without having to spend a lot of time digging out the information from widespread literature covering a period of 30 years.
A comprehensive review of the advances of smart cities’ smart energy, transportation, infrastructure, and health Smart Energy for Transportation and Health in a Smart City offers an essential guide to the functions, characteristics, and domains of smart cities and the energy technology necessary to sustain them. The authors—noted experts on the topic—include the theoretical underpinnings, the practical information, and the potential benefits for the development of smart cities. The book includes information on various financial models of energy storage, the management of networked micro-grids, coordination of virtual energy storage systems, reliability modeling and assessment of cyber space, and the development of a vehicle-to-grid voltage support. The authors review smart transportation elements such as the advanced metering infrastructure for electric vehicle charging, power system dispatching with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and the best practices for low power wide area network technologies. In addition, the book explores smart health that is based on the Internet of Things and smart devices that can help improve patient care processes and decrease costs while maintaining quality. This important resource: Examines the challenges and opportunities that arise with the development of smart cities Presents a state-of-the-art financial models of smart energy storage Clearly explores the elements of a smart city based on the advancement of information and communication technology Contains a review of advances in smart health for smart cities Includes a variety of real-life case studies that illustrate the various components of a smart city Written for practicing engineers and engineering students, Smart Energy for Transportation and Health in Smart Cities offers a practical guide to the various aspects that create a sustainable smart city.
This IBM® Redbooks® publication helps you install, configure, and maintain the IBM zEnterprise EC12 server. The zEC12 offers new functions that require a comprehensive understanding of the available configuration options. This book presents configuration setup scenarios, and describes implementation examples in detail. This book is intended for systems engineers, hardware planners, and anyone who needs to understand IBM System z® configuration and implementation. Readers should be generally familiar with current IBM System z technology and terminology. For details about the zEC12 server, see IBM zEnterprise EC12 Technical Introduction, SG24-8050, and IBM zEnterprise EC12 Technical Guide, SG24-8049.
Evidence-based Clinical Chinese Medicine: Vol. 1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease provides a 'whole evidence' analysis of the Chinese medicine management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence from the classical Chinese medicine literature, contemporary clinical literature, and the outcomes of clinical trials and experimental studies are reviewed, analysed and synthesised. The data from all these sources are condensed to provide evidence-based statements which will inform clinical practice and guide future research.This book has been designed to be an easy reference at the point of care. During a patient consultation, Chinese medicine practitioners can refer to this book for guidance on which Chinese herbal medicine formulas, specific herbs, or acupuncture points, can best treat their patient, and be confident there is evidence which supports its use.Currently, Chinese medicine practitioners who develop a special interest in a particular health condition such as COPD have to consult a variety of sources to further their knowledge. Typically, they use the contemporary clinical literature to understand the theory, aetiology, pathogenesis and obtain expert opinions on the Chinese medicine management of COPD. They search the electronic literature to identify systematic reviews of clinical trials, if any exists, to obtain assessments of the current state of the clinical evidence for particular interventions. If they have the skills and resources, they may search the classical Chinese medicine literature for an historical perspective on treatments that have stood the test of time.This book provides all of this information for practitioners in one handy, easy to use reference. This allows practitioners to focus on their job of providing high quality healthcare, with the knowledge it is based on the best available evidence.
The first handbook on this emerging field provides a comprehensive overview of transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions in the presence of an oxidant. Following an introduction to the general concept and mechanism of this reaction class, the team of authors presents chapters on C-C cross-coupling reactions using organometallic partners, C-Heteroatom bond forming reactions via oxidative couplings, and C-H couplings via C-H activation. The text also covers such groundbreaking topics as recent achievements in the fields of C-C and C-X bond formation reactions as well as C-H activation involving oxidative couplings. With its novel and concise approach towards important building blocks in organic chemistry and its focus on synthetic applications, this handbook is of great interest to all synthetic chemists in academia and industry alike.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.