Evolutionary biologists have recognised that natural selection operates for the good of lower-level units (the individual, the cell, even the gene) rather than the good of the group. In this volume, 12 scientists discuss why this should be the case.
In the last 40 years semi-linear elliptic equations became a central subject of study in the theory of nonlinear partial differential equations. On the one hand, the interest in this area is of a theoretical nature, due to its deep relations to other branches of mathematics, especially linear and nonlinear harmonic analysis, dynamical systems, differential geometry and probability. On the other hand, this study is of interest because of its applications. Equations of this type come up in various areas such as problems of physics and astrophysics, curvature problems in Riemannian geometry, logistic problems related for instance to population models and, most importantly, the study of branching processes and superdiffusions in the theory of probability. The aim of this book is to present a comprehensive study of boundary value problems for linear and semi-linear second order elliptic equations with measure data. We are particularly interested in semi-linear equations with absorption. The interactions between the diffusion operator and the absorption term give rise to a large class of nonlinear phenomena in the study of which singularities and boundary trace play a central role. This book is accessible to graduate students and researchers with a background in real analysis and partial differential equations.
This outstanding collection of essays by leading scholars helps explain how evolutionary economics has come of age. They show how evolutionary economics offers a progressive and diverse research agenda built on strong foundations. These are essays of lasting value. J. Stanley Metcalfe, University of Manchester, UK Darwinism is fast becoming an orthodoxy of modern thought, a framework within which a wide range of knowledge communities conduct their discourse. Ever since its formation, Darwinian theory has experienced a close, though not always comfortable, association with economics. Evolutionary economists now appear to show little concern for the consistency of knowledge in their embrace of Darwinism. Darwinism and Evolutionary Economics brings together contributions from eminent authors who, building on Darwin s own insights and on developments in evolutionary theory, offer challenging views on how economics can use evolutionary ideas effectively. This collection of critical essays provides a thorough examination of the application of Darwinian theory to economic thought, and will appeal to evolutionary economists and all those with an interest in Darwin, innovation and evolutionary science.
A psychoanalyst and linguist recounts an intriguing series of cases where children who cannot or will not speak are brought back into the world of communication.
Why did sustained economic growth arise in Europe rather than in China? The authors combine economic theory and historical evidence to argue that political processes drove the economic divergence between the two world regions, with continued consequences today that become clear in this innovative account.
Substantial effort has been drawn for years onto the development of (possibly high-order) numerical techniques for the scalar homogeneous conservation law, an equation which is strongly dissipative in L1 thanks to shock wave formation. Such a dissipation property is generally lost when considering hyperbolic systems of conservation laws, or simply inhomogeneous scalar balance laws involving accretive or space-dependent source terms, because of complex wave interactions. An overall weaker dissipation can reveal intrinsic numerical weaknesses through specific nonlinear mechanisms: Hugoniot curves being deformed by local averaging steps in Godunov-type schemes, low-order errors propagating along expanding characteristics after having hit a discontinuity, exponential amplification of truncation errors in the presence of accretive source terms... This book aims at presenting rigorous derivations of different, sometimes called well-balanced, numerical schemes which succeed in reconciling high accuracy with a stronger robustness even in the aforementioned accretive contexts. It is divided into two parts: one dealing with hyperbolic systems of balance laws, such as arising from quasi-one dimensional nozzle flow computations, multiphase WKB approximation of linear Schrödinger equations, or gravitational Navier-Stokes systems. Stability results for viscosity solutions of onedimensional balance laws are sketched. The other being entirely devoted to the treatment of weakly nonlinear kinetic equations in the discrete ordinate approximation, such as the ones of radiative transfer, chemotaxis dynamics, semiconductor conduction, spray dynamics or linearized Boltzmann models. “Caseology” is one of the main techniques used in these derivations. Lagrangian techniques for filtration equations are evoked too. Two-dimensional methods are studied in the context of non-degenerate semiconductor models.
A history of extreme violence in movies analyzes the public response to this ever-growing phenomenon, tracing its beginnings in films such as Bonnie and Clyde and discussing how it fits into the artistic vision of filmmakers including Quentin Tarantino and Martin Scorcese. Original.
Provides a timely review of gender equality in the boardroom, and through interviews with mentors and mentees it illustrates how mentoring can play a part in helping women stay engaged in their career. This book includes international comparisons and an examination of the UK and EU political environments.
In the context of a revived interest in the medium of radio, the collective and self-organized project LapTopRadio explored the possibilities and the limits of an irregularly, unexpectedly and sporadically broadcasting internet radio in the perspective of fine arts with a specific approach-the studio followed the participants, musicians and events, and not the other way round. It thereby created a new basis with a as yet hardly known potential, which the project intended to probe. This was made possible thanks to the co-operation of all the participants and co-producers, speakers, interviewers and authors of the texts published here. Delphine Bedel, Francesco Bernardelli, Donatella Bernardi, Yann Chateigné, Alfredo Cramerotti, Nadia EL-Imam, Jonathan Frigeri, Kenneth Goldsmith, Lars Bang Larsen, Quinn Latimer, Andrea Marioni with Franco "Bifo" Berardi, Federica Martini, Ceel Mogami de Haas, Angelo Plessas, Laurent Schmid, Joël Vacheron with Tex Royale and Alexis Milne, Willem van Weelden, Giovanna Zapperi.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the human, social and economic aspects of science and technology. It examines a broad range of issues from a variety of perspectives, using examples and experiences from Australia and around the world. The authors present complex issues in an accessible and engaging form. Topics include the responsibilities of scientists, ethical dilemmas and controversies, the Industrial Revolution, economic issues, public policy, and science and technology in developing countries. The book ends with a thoughtful and provocative look towards the future. It includes extensive guides to further reading, as well as a useful section on information searching skills. This book will provoke, engage, inform and stimulate thoughtful discussion about culture, society and science. Broad and interdisciplinary, it will be of considerable value to students and teachers.
The internet is a compelling tool for research, enabling efficient, cost-effective data collection and facilitating access to large samples and new populations. This book presents a state-of-the-art guide to the internet as a tool for conducting research in the social and behavioural sciences using qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. New to this edition: Fully re-written to reflect the emergence of Web 2.0 technologies Expanded coverage of web surveys for data collection Unobtrusive methods to harvest data from online archives and documents New practical tools and resources, where to find them, and how to keep up-to-date with new developments as they emerge New chapter on research ethics and discussion of ethical practicalities throughout Guiding the reader through the theoretical, ethical and practical issues of using the internet in research, this is an essential resource for researchers wishing to assess how the latest techniques, tools and methods in internet-mediated research may support and expand research in their own field.
This book is devoted to the study of elliptic second-order degenerate quasilinear equations, the model of which is the p-Laplacian, with or without dominant lower order reaction term. Emphasis is put on three aspects:
The remarkable success of the 1972 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage is borne out by the fact that nearly 1,000 properties have now been designated as possessing Outstanding Universal Value and recognition given to the imperative for their protection. However, the remarkable success of the Convention is not without its challenges and a key issue for many Sites relates to the touristic legacies of inscription. For many sites inscription on the World Heritage List acts as a promotional device and the management challenge is one of protection, conservation and dealing with increased numbers of tourists. For other sites, designation has not brought anticipated expansion in tourist numbers and associated investments. What is clear is that tourism is now a central concern to the wide array of stakeholders involved with World Heritage Sites.
Authored by electron microscopists and leading members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the Atlas of Virus Diagrams includes chapters on virus classification. The diagrams, selected for content and historic and aesthetic value, illustrate vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant bacterial viruses taken from English, French, and German language virological literature. The book presents this information in three sections: Overviews, including vertebrate and plant viruses Viruses with cubic and helical symmetry Viruses with binary symmetry (tailed bacteriophages).
Formulated in 1859, the Riemann Hypothesis is the most celebrated and multifaceted open problem in mathematics. In essence, it states that the primes are distributed as harmoniously as possible--or, equivalently, that the Riemann zeros are located on a single vertical line, called the critical line.
This textbook provides a concise overview of malignant haematology, including reviews of cell and molecular biology, and implications for new trends in treatment.
Is the study of living systems a useful metaphor for political science? In this book, Dr. Dobuzinskis argues for further exploration of biopolitical models to explain the complexity of political theory and social change. His discussion emphasizes the new cybernetics, which considers not only self-regulating but also self-organizing or self-producing systems. Self-organizing systems operate in an autonomous sphere comparable to the autonomy of the political community and the political actors who compose this community. The autonomy of these systems is maintained through dynamic equilibration processes that entail not only the preservation of a given structure but also, at crucial times, the creative rearrangement of the existing structure and its transformation into a new pattern of relations. From this perspective, a political crisis is both a threat to the political system and the occasion of its renewal; stability may also mean decay. Emphasizing the links that have developed historically between the natural and social sciences, this book is a reflection on the merits of and difficulties involved in representing the evolutionary process at the political level as the problematic reproduction of national communities and states.
Anlässlich des großen Picasso-Jubiläumsjahres rund um den 50. Todestag des Künstlers, wird der spektakuläre Band zu den frühen Gemälden und Skulpturen Pablo Picassos neu aufgelegt. Die Bilder aus der sogenannten Blauen und Rosa Periode bis hin zum frühen Kubismus, die zwischen 1901 und 1907 entstanden, sind allesamt Meilensteine auf Picassos Weg zum berühmtesten Künstler des 20. Jahrhunderts. 2019 zeigte die Fondation Beyeler in ihrer bis dato hochkarätigsten Ausstellung rund 80 Meisterwerke aus renommierten Museen und Privatsammlungen. Sie zählen nicht nur zu den kostbarsten Kunstwerken überhaupt, sondern auch zu den schönsten und emotionalsten der Moderne. Der Band macht damit das Frühwerk des Ausnahmekünstlers auf einmalige Art und Weise erlebbar.
Wireless and mobile networks have undergone a tremendous evolution since their start. This was mainly motivated by the need for connectivity everywhere, as exemplified by the philosophy of ?always on? access. Mobile telephony was the first need felt by users, followed by the need for mobile Internet applications. Mobile telecommunications networks were the first concretization of mobile telephony, followed by a set of wireless technologies with or without embedded mobility and with or without infrastructure. Obviously, this large deployment of services over mobile and wireless networks is not easy from a network security point of view. This book presents selected up-to-date research on security in wireless and mobile environments, mainly WiFi and self-organized networks such as ad-hoc networks. The selected research work was peer-reviewed and presented at the Mobile and Wireless Networks Security (MWNS) 2008 Workshop in Singapore.
In a world of increasing population, this book explores the ways in which technological progress can provide smart energy management strategies to maximize resources. Energy is essential to the survival and development of mankind. Increased pressure on existing resources now requires wiser energy management, in addition to the discovery of new resources. Challenges such as the global trend of "cheaper, exponentially increasing demand in new geographies, and current climate change policies now call for new approaches and ways of thinking about energy use which consider the impact on all involved actors, and on nature. Energy generation and management can be made more efficient by making use of technological progress and sharing global experience in the smart use of this resource. This book presents a knowledge-based review of the past, present and future of energy usage, with mathematical, modeling, economic, technological and environmental perspectives. The ideas and experiences shared here propose wiser energy management as a system component of natural ecosystems. - Explores the evolution of intelligence methods used in the energy field with a knowledge-based approach - Reviews the history of methodologies used, with ontologies and knowledge maps of examples - Presents case studies showing both the techniques and achievements of modern methodologies - Describes regional approaches in search of alternative energy resources, aimed at reducing the use of fossil energy and enhancing the use of renewable energy
Written by the quantitative research team of Deutsche Bank, the world leader in innovative equity derivative transactions, this book acquaints readers with leading-edge thinking in modeling and hedging these transactions. Equity Derivatives offers a balanced, integrated presentation of theory and practice in equity derivative markets. It provides a theoretical treatment of each new modeling and hedging concept first, and then demonstrates their practical application. The book covers: the newest and fastest-growing class of derivative instruments, fund derivatives; cutting-edge developments in equity derivative modeling; new developments in correlation modeling and understanding volatility skews; and new Web-based implementation/delivery methods. Marcus Overhaus, PhD, Andrew Ferraris, DPhil, Thomas Knudsen, PhD, Frank Mao, PhD, Ross Milward, Laurent Nguyen-Ngoc, PhD, and Gero Schindlmayr, PhD, are members of the Quantitative Research team of Deutsche Bank's Global Equity Division, which is based in London and headed by Dr. Overhaus.
This book summarises the main results of many contributions from researchers worldwide who have used the water infiltration process to characterize soil in the field. Determining soil hydrodynamic properties is essential to interpret and simulate the hydrological processes of economic and environmental interest. This book can be used as a guide to soil hydraulic characterization and in addition it gives a complete description of the treated techniques, including an outline of the most significant research results, with the main points that still needing development and improvement.
This up-to-date work presents a modern vision of magnetism and superconductivity covering both microscopic and phenomenological aspects. The basic information is illustrated with the help of current research topics such as the quantum Hall effect or mesoscopic aspects of superconductivity.
Journey with award-winning filmmaker and author Laurent Bouzereau through acclaimed director Brian De Palma’s renowned—and controversial—horror and thriller films that redefined cinema in the 1970s and early 80s with interviews conducted over three decades and fresh takes. Among a crop of fresh filmmakers including Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Martin Scorsese, and Francis Ford Coppola revolutionizing Hollywood in the ’70s, Brian De Palma—a director from Philadelphia with a few social satires under his belt—charted a cinematic path unlike any of his peers. At times he was unfairly dismissed as a Hitchcock copycat; other times he was misunderstood for his peculiar mix of sexuality, humor, and violence. But, over the course of ten years, he created a new cinematic language, melding his signature themes with specific filmmaking techniques that are now synonymous with his name. Acclaimed filmmaker Laurent Bouzereau explores the seven films that came to define the De Palma decade: Sisters, Phantom of the Paradise, Obsession, Carrie, The Fury, Dressed to Kill, and Blow Out. Combining film analysis, detailed production histories, and interviews with De Palma himself, his casts, and collaborators, Bouzereau presents the definitive record on this unrivaled period of cinematic creativity and the emergence of an auteur who would continue to influence filmmaking in the decades that followed.
A vital and underappreciated dimension of social interaction is the way individuals justify their actions to others, instinctively drawing on their experience to appeal to principles they hope will command respect. Individuals, however, often misread situations, and many disagreements can be explained by people appealing, knowingly and unknowingly, to different principles. On Justification is the first English translation of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot's ambitious theoretical examination of these phenomena, a book that has already had a huge impact on French sociology and is likely to have a similar influence in the English-speaking world. In this foundational work of post-Bourdieu sociology, the authors examine a wide range of situations where people justify their actions. The authors argue that justifications fall into six main logics exemplified by six authors: civic (Rousseau), market (Adam Smith), industrial (Saint-Simon), domestic (Bossuet), inspiration (Augustine), and fame (Hobbes). The authors show how these justifications conflict, as people compete to legitimize their views of a situation. On Justification is likely to spark important debates across the social sciences.
This book provides a thorough examination and analysis of cutting-edge research and security solutions in wireless and mobile networks. It begins with coverage of the basic security concepts and fundamentals which underpin and provide the knowledge necessary for understanding and evaluating security issues, challenges, and solutions. This material will be of invaluable use to all those working in the network security field, and especially to the many people entering the field. The next area of focus is on the security issues and available solutions associated with off-the-shelf wireless and mobile technologies such as Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMax, 2G, and 3G. There is coverage of the security techniques used to protect applications downloaded by mobile terminals through mobile cellular networks, and finally the book addresses security issues and solutions in emerging wireless and mobile technologies such as ad hoc and sensor networks, cellular 4G and IMS networks.
Shapes are complex objects to apprehend, as mathematical entities, in terms that also are suitable for computerized analysis and interpretation. This volume provides the background that is required for this purpose, including different approaches that can be used to model shapes, and algorithms that are available to analyze them. It explores, in particular, the interesting connections between shapes and the objects that naturally act on them, diffeomorphisms. The book is, as far as possible, self-contained, with an appendix that describes a series of classical topics in mathematics (Hilbert spaces, differential equations, Riemannian manifolds) and sections that represent the state of the art in the analysis of shapes and their deformations. A direct application of what is presented in the book is a branch of the computerized analysis of medical images, called computational anatomy.
Calvet and Fisher present a powerful, new technique for volatility forecasting that draws on insights from the use of multifractals in the natural sciences and mathematics and provides a unified treatment of the use of multifractal techniques in finance. A large existing literature (e.g., Engle, 1982; Rossi, 1995) models volatility as an average of past shocks, possibly with a noise component. This approach often has difficulty capturing sharp discontinuities and large changes in financial volatility. Their research has shown the advantages of modelling volatility as subject to abrupt regime changes of heterogeneous durations. Using the intuition that some economic phenomena are long-lasting while others are more transient, they permit regimes to have varying degrees of persistence. By drawing on insights from the use of multifractals in the natural sciences and mathematics, they show how to construct high-dimensional regime-switching models that are easy to estimate, and substantially outperform some of the best traditional forecasting models such as GARCH. The goal of Multifractal Volatility is to popularize the approach by presenting these exciting new developments to a wider audience. They emphasize both theoretical and empirical applications, beginning with a style that is easily accessible and intuitive in early chapters, and extending to the most rigorous continuous-time and equilibrium pricing formulations in final chapters. - Presents a powerful new technique for forecasting volatility - Leads the reader intuitively from existing volatility techniques to the frontier of research in this field by top scholars at major universities - The first comprehensive book on multifractal techniques in finance, a cutting-edge field of research
Communication and language disorders are often considered from one particular point of view - either psychological or neurological. Danon-Boileau argues that this is a serious mistake. He emphasizes that a child's trouble can stem from a variety of causes: neurological problems similar to those of aphasia, cognitive impairments, and psychological disorders, and, thus, the interaction of these elements needs to be taken into account. In precise case studies, Danon-Boileau describes the situations he has confronted and traces the causes of changes in the child when they happen. Combining linguistic, cognitive, and psycholanalytic approaches, Children without Language provides a unique perspective on speech and communication disorders in children and will be an essential volume for speech therapists, developmental psychologists, linguistics scholars and anyone wishing to reflect seriously on why we speak and how communication occurs.
This work is primarily designed for any person or organization in charge of assessment of the quality of natural resources and of pollution prevention.
Robust optimization is still a relatively new approach to optimization problems affected by uncertainty, but it has already proved so useful in real applications that it is difficult to tackle such problems today without considering this powerful methodology. Written by the principal developers of robust optimization, and describing the main achievements of a decade of research, this is the first book to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the subject. Robust optimization is designed to meet some major challenges associated with uncertainty-affected optimization problems: to operate under lack of full information on the nature of uncertainty; to model the problem in a form that can be solved efficiently; and to provide guarantees about the performance of the solution. The book starts with a relatively simple treatment of uncertain linear programming, proceeding with a deep analysis of the interconnections between the construction of appropriate uncertainty sets and the classical chance constraints (probabilistic) approach. It then develops the robust optimization theory for uncertain conic quadratic and semidefinite optimization problems and dynamic (multistage) problems. The theory is supported by numerous examples and computational illustrations. An essential book for anyone working on optimization and decision making under uncertainty, Robust Optimization also makes an ideal graduate textbook on the subject.
Poisson structures appear in a large variety of contexts, ranging from string theory, classical/quantum mechanics and differential geometry to abstract algebra, algebraic geometry and representation theory. In each one of these contexts, it turns out that the Poisson structure is not a theoretical artifact, but a key element which, unsolicited, comes along with the problem that is investigated, and its delicate properties are decisive for the solution to the problem in nearly all cases. Poisson Structures is the first book that offers a comprehensive introduction to the theory, as well as an overview of the different aspects of Poisson structures. The first part covers solid foundations, the central part consists of a detailed exposition of the different known types of Poisson structures and of the (usually mathematical) contexts in which they appear, and the final part is devoted to the two main applications of Poisson structures (integrable systems and deformation quantization). The clear structure of the book makes it adequate for readers who come across Poisson structures in their research or for graduate students or advanced researchers who are interested in an introduction to the many facets and applications of Poisson structures.
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