By offering a critical assessment of the evolution of standard game theory, this book argues for a shift in the ontology and methodology of game theory for appraising games, one based on understanding the players’ strategic reasoning process. Analyzing the history of economic thought, the book highlights the methodological issues faced by standard game theory in its treatment of strategic reasoning and the consequence it has on the status of players’ beliefs. It also highlights how the two original contributions of T. C. Schelling and M. Bacharach can be applied to these issues. Furthermore, the book assesses the intersubjective dimension in games by applying the cognitive sciences and by integrating simulation theory into game theory. Consequently, this book offers an interdisciplinary approach for reassessing the nature of the intersubjectivity involved in strategic reasoning. It shows that the analysis of games should involve the study and identification of the reasoning process that leads the players to a specific outcome, i.e., to a specific solution. A game should not be understood (as is done in standard game theory) as a mathematical representation of an individual choice at equilibrium. This requires investigating the players’ capacity for coordination. Understanding the process of coordination allows us to understand strategic reasoning and ultimately to provide new answers to the indeterminacy problem, one of the central hurdles in game theory, and one that underscores its normative difficulties.
In the wake of the First World War, in which France suffered severe food shortages, colonial produce became an increasingly important element of the French diet. The colonial lobby seized upon these foodstuffs as powerful symbols of the importance of the colonial project to the life of the French nation. But how was colonial food really received by the French public? And what does this tell us about the place of empire in French society? In Colonial Food in Interwar Paris, Lauren Janes disputes the claim that empire was central to French history and identity, arguing that the distrust of colonial food reflected a wider disinterest in the empire. From Indochinese rice to North African grains and tropical fruit to curry powder, this book offers an intriguing and original challenge to current orthodoxy about the centrality of empire to modern France by examining the place of colonial foods in the nation's capital.
Estrela do programa The Hills, um dos mais populares da MTV, e ex-participante do reality show Laguna Beach, Lauren Conrad mergulha na ficção baseada em seu sucesso na mídia. Em L.A. CANDY, que ocupou por semanas o primeiro lugar na lista de mais vendidos do New York Times, a autora flerta com a sua própria realidade ao narrar a história da personagem Jane. O romance é o primeiro da trilogia homônima, que já vendeu mais de 1,5 milhão de exemplares em todo o mundo. Recém-saída da escola, Jane Roberts mal pode esperar para aproveitar tudo o que Hollywood tem a oferecer. Ela pode ter ido a Los Angeles para um estágio, mas também pretende se divertir — e sua melhor amiga, Scarlett, não pode ficar de fora. Quando um produtor de TV aborda as duas para gravar um reality show sobre quatro jovens que tentam ganhar a vida na cidade – uma "versão real de Sex and the City" – elas desconfiam da própria sorte. Afinal, um programa de TV só para elas? Com certeza!
Laurie va-t-elle tenter le concours pour le très sélectif stage d'été ? Caleb, le garçon qu'elle aime en secret, compte lui aussi le passer. Mais, si elle est retenue, Laurie ne pourra pas voir son père avant l'automne, ni Tybalt, son cheval préféré ! Rejoindre un cercle de cavaliers aussi fermé serait un honneur, mais est-elle prête à en payer le prix ?
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