During the last fifteen years organoselenium chemistry underwent a spectacular mutation: from an exotic area of science practised by a few specialists it became a relatively well mastered and widely used methodology of synthetic organic chemistry. The key to this success is that a fair number of selenium based reagents and reactions have been discovered, which are able to perform specific transformations selectively and often under very mild conditions. The aim of this volume is to present the different selenium containing reagents now available to chemists, to mention the scope as well as the limitations of their reactions, and to compare those which possess similar reactivities. The authors present the reagents in the order of increasing oxidation level around the selenium atom.
The immediate purpose of this handbook is to aid further research by stating, in a form providing handy reference, the facts concerning the Communist ideology in Hungary Following a narrative of the vicissitudes of that ideology prior to its power-phase - intended as a general introduction contributing to the proper assessment of the 1945-1965 period, which is the main concern of this book - the essential and relevant facts concerning the events, issues, organizations and opinions which have shaped post-war Hungarian Marxism Leninism are set out without indulging in lengthy commentaries and personal value-judgements. (Since even the 1956 revolution is treated thus - perhaps the most important, and certainly the most controversial single event of the above period - I should add that the reader interested in finding a detailed analysis and evaluation of the ideological relevance of that event may refer to my Individualism Collectivism and Political Power, The Hague, 1963, pp. 111-140. ) Despite the specificity of much of the data, sufficient translations of Hungarian titles, names and terms have been provided to render the present book useful for the investigator regardless of whether or not he reads Hungarian. But the fundamental purpose of this volume is to make a modest contribution to East-West understanding. It has arisen from the belief that the lessening of world-tensions is best served by understanding, and understanding is best served by objective information.
Designed to offer a thorough account of the KLJN key exchange system (also known as the Kish Cypher, the Kish Key Distribution, etc.) and its unconditional security, this book explains the scheme's foundation in classical statistical physics and its superiority to its quantum-based competitors for particular applications, from the perspective of Dr. Kish himself.This book clarifies the misinformation behind heated debates on the 'Kish Cypher' (the popular but incorrect name for the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise, KLJN, scheme), and debunks common misconceptions by using simple and clear-cut treatments to explain the protocol's working principle — an understanding that has eluded (even) several experts of computer science, quantum security, and electrical engineering. The work also explains how the scheme can provide the same (or higher) level of security as quantum communicators at a thousandth of the cost.The contents of this text address both layman and expert levels of understanding.
The bestselling author of Linked returns with a ground breaking new theory that will enthrall fans of The Tipping Point Can we scientifically predict our future? It's a mystery that has nagged scientists for perhaps thousand of years. Now Albert-László Barabási-the award-winning author of the sleeper hit Linked- explains how the digital age has yielded a massive, previously unavailable data set that proves the daily pattern of human activity isn't random, it's "bursty." We work and fight and play in short flourishes of activity followed by next to nothing. Compellingly illustrated with the account of a bloody medieval crusade in sixteenth-century Transylvania and the modern tale of a contemporary artist hunted by the FBI, Bursts reveals that we are far more predictable than we like to think.
During the last fifteen years organoselenium chemistry underwent a spectacular mutation: from an exotic area of science practised by a few specialists it became a relatively well mastered and widely used methodology of synthetic organic chemistry. The key to this success is that a fair number of selenium based reagents and reactions have been discovered, which are able to perform specific transformations selectively and often under very mild conditions. The aim of this volume is to present the different selenium containing reagents now available to chemists, to mention the scope as well as the limitations of their reactions, and to compare those which possess similar reactivities. The authors present the reagents in the order of increasing oxidation level around the selenium atom.
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