A valuable window into a long-underreported dimension of African American history."—Newsday An engaging social history that reveals the critical role Pullman porters played in the struggle for African American civil rights When George Pullman began recruiting Southern blacks as porters in his luxurious new sleeping cars, the former slaves suffering under Jim Crow laws found his offer of a steady job and worldly experience irresistible. They quickly signed up to serve as maid, waiter, concierge, nanny, and occasionally doctor and undertaker to cars full of white passengers, making the Pullman Company the largest employer of African American men in the country by the 1920s. In the world of the Pullman sleeping car, where whites and blacks lived in close proximity, porters developed a unique culture marked by idiosyncratic language, railroad lore, and shared experience. They called difficult passengers "Mister Charlie"; exchanged stories about Daddy Jim, the legendary first Pullman porter; and learned to distinguish generous tippers such as Humphrey Bogart from skinflints like Babe Ruth. At the same time, they played important social, political, and economic roles, carrying jazz and blues to outlying areas, forming America's first black trade union, and acting as forerunners of the modern black middle class by virtue of their social position and income. Drawing on extensive interviews with dozens of porters and their descendants, Larry Tye reconstructs the complicated world of the Pullman porter and the vital cultural, political, and economic roles they played as forerunners of the modern black middle class. Rising from the Rails provides a lively and enlightening look at this important social phenomenon. • Named a Recommended Book by The Boston Globe, San Francisco Chronicle, and The Seattle Times
When the deplorable conditions in Alabama's prisons were revealed at trial in 1975, Judge Frank Johnson declared the prison system as a whole to constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the eighth amendment. He then issued an elaborate decree specifying improvements that must be made to satisfy constitutional standards. In this study, Larry W. Yackle describes the campaign to achieve prison reform in Alabama through constitutional litigation in the federal courts and surveys the process that produced Johnson's decree, and subsequent efforts to enforce his order in the face of bureaucratic inertia, administrative incompetence, and political demagogy. A decade later, the prisons showed significant physical improvements, but Alabama's resistance to progressive penal policies remained intact and impeded lasting change. Covering the lawyers' strategies, Judge Johnson's creative actions, and the machinations of state and federal officials including the Department of Justice under President Ronald Reagan, this book conveys the frustrating yet effective effort at prison litigation and offers important lessons for other proponents of penal reform across the country.
There was a time when the faculty governed universities. Not anymore. The Rise and Decline of Faculty Governance is the first history of shared governance in American higher education. Drawing on archival materials and extensive published sources, Larry G. Gerber shows how the professionalization of college teachers coincided with the rise of the modern university in the late nineteenth century and was the principal justification for granting teachers power in making educational decisions. In the twentieth century, the efforts of these governing faculties were directly responsible for molding American higher education into the finest academic system in the world. In recent decades, however, the growing complexity of “multiversities” and the application of business strategies to manage these institutions threatened the concept of faculty governance. Faculty shifted from being autonomous professionals to being “employees.” The casualization of the academic labor market, Gerber argues, threatens to erode the quality of universities. As more faculty become contingent employees, rather than tenured career professionals enjoying both job security and intellectual autonomy, universities become factories in the knowledge economy. In addition to tracing the evolution of faculty decision making, this historical narrative provides readers with an important perspective on contemporary debates about the best way to manage America’s colleges and universities. Gerber also reflects on whether American colleges and universities will be able to retain their position of global preeminence in an increasingly market-driven environment, given that the system of governance that helped make their success possible has been fundamentally altered.
Biblical Studies on the Prophecies of the Rapture and Revelation - is an introduction to and exploration of the Bibles teachings on the Second Advent of Jesus Christ. It distinguishes the Rapture from the Revelation. It affirms the Premillennial / Pre-tribulation Rapture / and Dispensational views. Explored are various theological positions of the Return of Christ, Biblical history, Church history, and insights from key Scripture passages. Russell writes for inquiring laity, clergy and seminarians. This work provides edification, inspiration, a wealth of Biblical knowledge; working together strands of history, theology, Biblical studies, statistics and even humor. The book addresses the Unconditional Covenant God made with Israel; kindly refutes Replacement theology / the Amil and Postmil views; defines Daniels 70th Week; considers the future Tribulation, Millennium; reminds of Gods Sovereignty and Providence, warns of sensationalism, date setting; presents signs of the times, and touches on Apostasy. The book is a comprehensive eschatological work with significant amounts of doctrine, Biblical history, the history of Christianity, and interrelated eschatological considerations. It also admonishes practical Christian living and encourages seeking paths of holy living. If you desire to understand the distinctions between the Rapture and the Revelation, seek a challenging and rewarding journey of study, and if you would find your faith strengthened and your understanding increased, this book will be a helpful guide to your exploration.
The benchmark text in obstetrical procedures updated and expanded to reflect current practice * New chapter authors * New Study Guide with CME credit * More than 470 illustrations * Study Guide with 1,000 questions and answers This 2nd Edition of the comprehensive Operative Obstetrics first published in 1995, continues to bring you step-by-step instructions for every major surgical procedure performed in current obstetrical practice. Leading obstetricians across the country have written the nearly 40 chapters, most of them contributors to the 1st Edition. However, you'll recognize names of several new contributors to this 2nd Edition.
The premier reference on obstetrics practice for nearly a century, the new Twenty-Second Edition is the ideal text for anyone who provides maternal and fetal health care. Now offering state-of-the-art diagnostic ultrasound images throughout, Williams Obstetrics maintains its strong, evidence-based approach. Rigorously referenced and clearly written, Williams' hallmarks are thoroughness, scientific basis, and practical applicability for the obstetrician at the bedside. The world-renowned management guidelines and recommendations have been thoroughly updated through analysis of the scientific literature. This is the only book providing coverage sufficient for the needs of all practicing physicians and residents in board preparation and training. New features include: • NEW STATE-OF-THE-ART ULTRASOUND IMAGES integrated throughout for easier diagnostic confirmation • COMPLETELY REVISED BASIC SCIENCE SECTIONS for greater usefulness in daily practice • NEW CHAPTERS on hot topics: prior cesarean delivery; gestational trophoblastic disease; obesity; thromboembolism; and liver disease • THOROUGHLY UPDATED CHAPTERS on evolving areas: fetal development; placental disorders; and infectious diseases • UPDATED GUIDELINES and STANDARDS of CARE reflecting the current scope of practice
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