Contrast agents for medical ultrasound imaging is a field of growing interest. A large amount of literature has been published on the medical applications of such contrast agents. However, there is no textbook giving a broad overview of the physics and acoustics of the agents. This monograph aims to fill this gap. The book is written by a physicist, from a physics point of view, and it tries to draw links from the physics and acoustics to the medical imaging methods, but medical applications are mainly included for background information. The book consists of nine chapters. The first three chapters give a broad overview of the acoustic theory for bubble-sound interaction, both linear and nonlinear. Most contrast agents are stabilized in a shell, and this shell can have a strong influence on the interaction between the bubbles and the ultrasound. The effect of the shell is given special attention, as this is not easily found in other bubble literature. The following chapters, 4, 5, 6, and 7, describe experimental and theoretical methods used to characterize the acoustic properties of the agents, and results of studies on some agents. Chapter 8 shows how the theory and the experimental results can be combined and used to model various phenomena by means of computer simulations. The main purpose of the simulations is to get insight into the mechanisms behind the described phenomena, not to get accurate predictions and values. The book is aimed at both newcomers into the field, as well as those who are more experienced but want better insight into the acoustics of the contrast bubbles.
The year 2011, this is a tale of innocence born and lost through a race toward freedom to learn what they are what they can do as a people. It will carry a cost of loss. The loss of friendship, trust, and lives to secure what most would take for granted, being free. Drakko the young leader he has dark eyes like pitch and a soul some would say like a Wolf. He is the defacto leader of the hybrids. He finds his duties hard and taxing as he feels his way as leader and protector of his people. The man responsible for Drakko and his hybrids is Dr. Francis Michael's head of the Animal Logistics Technology and Reform Unit, ALTRU for short. Francis wants to play god to make hybrids, shape shifters, werewolves he succeeds then dies. Mary his wife becomes pregnant by her own hand producing two beautiful girls who later are found to be that which the doctor had envisioned. Mary's lover a teacher, Tabitha Clearwater is hired to teach the children at the ALTRU facility and falls in love with Mary and little waif named Pree who will become her daughter one day as well. These combined peoples journey will take them through pain, strife and finally freedom for those who become entwined in their destinies.
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