Evolutionary economics sees the economy as always in motion with change being driven largely by continuing innovation. This approach to economics, heavily influenced by the work of Joseph Schumpeter, saw a revival as an alternative way of thinking about economic advancement as a result of Richard Nelson and Sidney Winter's seminal book, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, first published in 1982. In this long-awaited follow-up, Nelson is joined by leading figures in the field of evolutionary economics, reviewing in detail how this perspective has been manifest in various areas of economic inquiry where evolutionary economists have been active. Providing the perfect overview for interested economists and social scientists, readers will learn how in each of the diverse fields featured, evolutionary economics has enabled an improved understanding of how and why economic progress occurs.
Interpersonal Communication focuses on the basic processes of interpersonal communication, emphasizing the importance of reciprocal influence processes in face-to-face interaction. The topics discussed in this book include the manipulation of interpersonal communication; dual aspect of human communication; dimensions of social interaction; nonverbal communication; and social interaction in subhuman primates. The psychotherapy as interpersonal communication; study of disturbed communication in families; and development of interpersonal communication in children are also deliberated. This text likewise covers the cultural differences in interpersonal communication and study of interpersonal processes. This publication is intended for social psychologists, but is also a good reference for those working in related disciplines that require a social psychological treatment of the subject.
This book gives a pedagogical introduction to the physics of amorphous solids and related disordered condensed matter systems. Important concepts from statistical mechanics such as percolation, random walks, fractals and spin glasses are explained. Using these concepts, the common aspects of these systems are emphasized, and the current understanding of the glass transition and the structure of glasses are concisely reviewed. This second edition includes new material on emerging topics in the field of disordered systems such as gels, driven systems, dynamical heterogeneities, growing length scales etc. as well as an update of the literature in this rapidly developing field.
The interrelationship between three major quantity changes in the history of the Germanic languages: gemination, lenition, and open syllable lengthening.
This new edition of the classic textbook presents a large number of diagrams showing the stability relations among minerals and groups of minerals found in metamorphic rocks. The diagrams help to determine the pressure and temperature conditions under which a given set of metamorphic rocks may have formed. Other parameters that control metamorphic mineral assemblages are also discussed and pitfalls resulting from simplifications and generalizations are highlighted. The book discusses the most common metamorphic rock types, their nomenclature, structure and graphical representation of their mineral assemblages. Part I defines basic principles of metamorphism, introduces metamorphic processes, geologic thermometry and barometry and defines metamorphic grade. Part II presents in a systematic way mineralogical changes and assemblages found in the most common types of metamorphic rocks. The computation of diagrams is based on recent advances in quantitative petrology and geochemistry. An extensive bibliography, including the key contributions and classic papers in the field, make it an invaluable source book for graduate students and professional geologists.
Surface science has evolved from being a sub-field of chemistry or physics, and has now established itself as an interdisciplinary topic. Knowledge has developed sufficiently that we can now understand catalysis from a surface science perspective. No-where is the underpinning nature of surface science better illustrated than with nanoscience. Now in its third edition, this successful textbook aims to provide students with an understanding of chemical transformations and the formation of structures at surfaces. The chapters build from simple to more advanced principles with each featuring exercises, which act not only to demonstrate concepts arising in the text but also to form an integral part of the book, with the last eight chapters featuring worked solutions. This completely revised and expanded edition features: More than 100 new pages of extensive worked solutions New topics, including: Second harmonic generation (SHG), Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) at interfaces and capillary waves An expanded treatment of charge transfer and carbon-based materials including graphene Extended ‘Frontiers and Challenges’ sections at the end of each chapter. This text is suitable for all students taking courses in surface science in Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, as well as for researchers and professionals requiring an up-to-date review of the subject.
The present study examines the problem of fortis and lenis in approximately 150 dialects of southern Germany, Austria, German-speaking Switzerland, Alsace, and the German-speaking minorities in Italy, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. The Upper German dialects are of particular interest from this point of view, because voice and aspiration, the features traditionally associated with strength, are generally absent. Changes related to strength such as lenition, vowel lengthening, simplification of geminates, and sandhi phenomena receive special attention. The findings are put into their appropriate context by comparison to the results of research on the status of strength in standard German and the modern Germanic languages. Although the realization of strength is language-specific and varies according to word-position, it can be equated with consonant length in standard German and Upper German dialects.
This book carefully details design tools and techniques for high-performance ASIC design. Using these techniques, the performance of ASIC designs can be improved by two to three times. Important topics include: Improving performance through microarchitecture; Timing-driven floorplanning; Controlling and exploiting clock skew; High performance latch-based design in an ASIC methodology; Automatically identifying and synthesizing complex logic gates; Automated cell sizing to increase performance and reduce power; Controlling process variation.These techniques are illustrated by designs running two to three times the speed of typical ASICs in the same process generation.
After the Revolution of 1848 the University of Vienna was moved away from the center of the city. Only after the city walls were razed in 1884 did the university acquire a new home on Ringstrasse in the immediate vicinity of the City Hall, Parliament and Court Theater. Once academic freedom had been attained and the educational system restructured on the basis of the Humboldtian model, the new university palace soon became a symbol of the emergence of modern science in Austria. A 'historical stroll' leads the reader through the important stations of the general history of the university, pointing to aspects of the architectural history of the building, the construction and artistic design. The book not only gives an impression of the historical rooms but also offers a glimpse behind the scenes. The striking constructional changes are described against the backdrop of the more than 120 years of rich history associated with the "house on the Ring".
This exciting new book describes the use of DNA fingerprinting and its application in a wide area of plant and fungal research. It presents a thorough theoretical introduction to DNA fingerprinting, the practical aspects of extraction of DNA from the plant or fungus under study, and the statistical analysis of the data. An overview presents all species to which DNA fingerprinting is currently being applied and highlights many future technical developments.
This book showcases 28 intriguing social psychological experiments that have significantly advanced our understanding of human social thinking and behavior. Each chapter focuses on the details and implications of a single study, while citing related research and real-life examples along the way. All the chapters are fully self-contained, allowing them to be read in any order without loss of coherence. This 2nd Edition contains a number of new studies and, together with its lively, conversational tone, it makes an ideal text for courses in social psychology, introductory psychology, or research design.
For the first time, this book sets out ways to teach the science of nanochemistry at a level suitable for pre-service and in-service teachers in middle and secondary school. The authors draw upon peer-reviewed science education literature for experiments, activities, educational research, and methods of teaching the subject. The book starts with an overview of chemical nanotechnology, including definition of the basic concepts in nanoscience, properties, types of nanostructured materials, synthesis, characterization, and applications. It includes examples of how nanochemistry impacts our daily lives. This theoretical background is an address for teachers even if they do not have enough information about the subject of nanoscale science. Subsequent chapters present best practices for presenting the material to students in a way that improves their attitudes and knowledge toward nanochemistry and STEM subjects in general. The final chapter includes experiments designed for middle and high school students. From basic science through to current and near-future developments for applications of nanomaterials and nanostructures in medicine, electronics, energy, and the environment, users of the book will find a wealth of ideas to convey nanochemistry in an engaging way to students.
Given the explosive development of new molecular marker techniques over the last decade, newcomers and experts alike in the field of DNA fingerprinting will find an easy-to-follow guide to the multitude of techniques available in DNA Fingerprinting in Plants: Principles, Methods, and Applications, Second Edition. Along with step-by-step annotated p
Radiation Biochemistry, Volume II: Tissues and Body Fluids deals with the radiation biochemistry of mammalian organs and body fluids. Emphasis is placed on descriptions of overall biochemical changes in irradiated tissues and animals; on the dependency of these changes on cellular responses; and on the interactions among different organ systems. Consideration is also given to a practical application of radiation biochemistry to the problem of assessing the nature, tissue localization, and extent of radiation injury in man and animals. The book's nine chapters discuss the following: the general aspects of radiation biochemistry; bone marrow and red blood cells; lymphoid organs; gastrointestinal tract; the liver; radiation biochemistry of miscellaneous organs; radiation biochemistry of tumors; changes in the biochemistry of body fluids after irradiation; and hormones and systemic effects. This text will be useful to life scientists who are just embarking in the field of radiation biology. In particular, the discussions of the complications introduced by body changes secondary to radiation damage, such as partial starvation and changes in cell populations of a given tissue, should help prevent errors in interpretation that have been committed in the past.
This study demonstrates why the global economy and global policies can only be understood by assigning equal importance to actors from different continents and international institutions. The contributors begin by examining the effects of reducing trade barriers through the WTO processes, and the implications for our understanding of market forces, the diminishing capacity of governments, consumer power, and the role of international agreements. They provide fascinating details on how the European Union and Japan develop their own strategies toward emerging Asian and Latin American states, quite separately from the United States.The focus then shifts toward integration processes in Latin America. The book concludes by attempting to make sense of the political principles underlying the complex economic policies of the main actors in today's global economy, focusing on development strategies offered by the World Bank.
A mandala is a diagram of the universe—a map of true reality intended to provide a focus for Buddhist religious practice and inspire the devout. This book highlights the distinctive Tibetan approach to creating mandalas, exploring how it crossed over from India into Tibet, and how continuous exchanges of art and ideas between the two cultures, led by monks and spiritual teachers, gave rise to a uniquely Tibetan style of Buddhist imagery. Featuring more than one hundred paintings, sculptures, and ritual objects, this superbly illustrated volume reflects the dazzling complexities of the Tibetan imagery that has provided a foundation for mandalas through the centuries. Most notably, a mesmerizing installation by the Tibetan American artist Tenzing Rigdol (b. 1982), specially created for the accompanying exhibition and published here for the first time, offers contemporary audiences a way of interrogating and understanding their world and underscores how this ancient tradition remains a vibrant living practice.
Recent experimental advances in the control of quantum superconducting circuits, nano-mechanical resonators and photonic crystals has meant that quantum measurement theory is now an indispensable part of the modelling and design of experimental technologies. This book, aimed at graduate students and researchers in physics, gives a thorough introduction to the basic theory of quantum measurement and many of its important modern applications. Measurement and control is explicitly treated in superconducting circuits and optical and opto-mechanical systems, and methods for deriving the Hamiltonians of superconducting circuits are introduced in detail. Further applications covered include feedback control, metrology, open systems and thermal environments, Maxwell's demon, and the quantum-to-classical transition.
The phenomena of superconductivity has enormous industrial potential, but the penetration of superconductor-based products has, thus far, been slow. An indisputable fact is that there are prizes, and profits, for the teams that solve the critical problems in understanding and processing these complex materials. The continuous processing of superconducting tapes and wires is a necessary stage that will open up the industrial market to the designers of a diverse range of time and energy saving devices, particularly in ultra-fast computing and lossless power transmission. The aim of the research reported herein was to investigate the fabrication of superconducting tapes and films via two different processes, namely: the established PIT technique, and a less well known electrochemical route. The PIT research yielded partially textured (a characteristic not found in previously reported thallium-based PIT tapes) and high purity tapes with promising transport properties. The main subject of this work is the electrodeposition of superconducting films with particular emphasis on the optimisation of the deposition process, as opposed to the optimisation of the post-deposition heat treatment. This is not a well researched area. Therefore the research herein deals with the mechanisms of the deposition process in order to achieve a high standard of reproducibility in producing a variety of superconductor precursor films. The heat-treatment of the as-deposited films was determined, and results are presented concerning the characteristics of the resulting superconducting films. An attempt was made to fabricate, for the first time via electrodeposition, (Tl, Pb)-1223 films. Superconductivity was successfully observed in both Bismuth- and Thallium-based films. Extensive further work is required, but the impact upon society from superconducting devices draws ever nearer.
Modular High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Power Plant" introduces the power plants driven by modular high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTR), which are characterized by their inherent safety features and high output temperatures. HTRs have the potential to be adopted near demand side to supply both electricity and process heat, directly replacing conventional fossil fuels. The world is confronted with two dilemmas in the energy sector, namely climate change and energy supply security. HTRs have the potential to significantly alleviate these concerns. This book will provide readers with a thorough understanding of HTRs, their history, principles, and fields of application. The book is intended for researchers and engineers involved with nuclear engineering and energy technology.
The memoir of paratrooper Kurt Gabel—a German Jew who emigrated to the US in 1938, joined the 513th Regiment of the 17th Airborne Division, and fought against his former countrymen in the Battle of the Bulge. Gabel conveys with rare immediacy an in-depth look at the training of a paratrooper, the dangers of combat, and his transformation from romantic idealist to warrior. He vividly recounts the fire fights and such episodes as narrow escapes, separation from his battalion and his rescue by another, and the interrogation of prisoners. He tells the full story of his desperate hours on “Dead Man’s Ridge” near Bastogne.
Contents Development of the Energy Economy Development of the Nuclear Economy Development of Renewable Energy Sources Climate Development over the Last Century Future Perspectives Paris Climate Conference 2015 Bibliography
Thinking, Recording, and Writing History in the Ancient World presents a cross-cultural comparison of the ways in which ancient civilizations thought about the past and recorded their own histories. Written by an international group of scholars working in many disciplines Truly cross-cultural, covering historical thinking and writing in ancient or early cultures across in East, South, and West Asia, the Mediterranean, and the Americas Includes historiography shaped by religious perspectives, including Judaism, early Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism
The Physics of Glaciers, Fourth Edition, discusses the physical principles that underlie the behavior and characteristics of glaciers. The term glacier refers to all bodies of ice created by the accumulation of snowfall, e.g., mountain glaciers, ice caps, continental ice sheets, and ice shelves. Glaciology—the study of all forms of ice—is an interdisciplinary field encompassing physics, geology, atmospheric science, mathematics, and others. This book covers various aspects of glacier studies, including the transformation of snow to ice, grain-scale structures and ice deformation, mass exchange processes, glacial hydrology, glacier flow, and the impact of climate change. The present edition features two new chapters: "Ice Sheets and the Earth System and "Ice, Sea Level, and Contemporary Climate Change. The chapter on ice core studies has been updated from the previous version with new material. The materials on the flow of mountain glaciers, ice sheets, ice streams, and ice shelves have been combined into a single chapter entitled "The Flow of Ice Masses. - Completely updated and revised, with 30% new material including climate change - Accessible to students, and an essential guide for researchers - Authored by preeminent glaciologists
Because of their simple preparation and low expense, carbon pastes and carbon paste electrodes are widely used in a myriad of instrumental measurements. With an emphasis on practical applications, Electroanalysis with Carbon Paste Electrodes provides a comprehensive overview of carbon paste electrodes. The text offers a comprehensive and unprecedentedly wide insight into the realm of the carbon paste material, culminating with a systematic presentation of all the methods and procedures applicable to the determination of a myriad of inorganic and organic substances when employing the individual types and variants of carbon paste-based electrodes, sensors, and detectors. With a lengthy list of up-to-date references, this handy reference source includes many typical as well as specific experimental data, serving as a practical guide for daily laboratory work. More specifically, this monograph, the first of its kind, contains: All types of carbon pastes in contemporary classification ,with particular emphasis on chemically and biologically modified configurations, or newly propagated mixtures made of alternate components Details on the preparation of carbon pastes, with a number of practical hints and recommendations, including some hitherto unreported approaches Practical guidance for experimental laboratory work on the preparation and characterization of carbon pastes, including guides on the testing of newly made mixtures Individual methods and procedures for the determination of hundreds of various substances in a complete survey of applications Nearly 3300 original references presented as full-text citations
Pathology of the Human Placenta remains the authoritative text in the field and is respected and used by pathologists and obstetrician-gynecologists alike. This fifth edition reflects new advances in the field and includes 800 illustrations, 173 of them in color. The detailed index has been improved and the tables updated. Defined terms are highlighted in bold for easy identification, and further findings are discussed in small type throughout each chapter. Advances in genetics and molecular biology continue to make the study of the placenta one of vast diagnostic and legal importance.
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