Cerebral ischemia is one of the major complications of diabetes. Eighty four percent of diabetics die from either heart disease or stroke (both cause cerebral ischemia). Diabetes-induced oxidative stress is one of the factors responsible for the secondary complications of diabetes. Oxidative stress also plays a key role in cerebral ischemic damage. In this chapter we provide a literature review of how cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative stress is exacerbated in diabetics. We also provide correlates of how this increased oxidative stress may be responsible for increased cerebral ischemia damage in diabetics.