Become an efficient data scientist with R About This Book Explore the R language from basic types and data structures to advanced topics Learn how to tackle programming problems and explore both functional and object-oriented programming techniques Learn how to address the core problems of programming in R and leverage the most popular packages for common tasks Who This Book Is For This is the perfect tutorial for anyone who is new to statistical programming and modeling. Anyone with basic programming and data processing skills can pick this book up to systematically learn the R programming language and crucial techniques. What You Will Learn Explore the basic functions in R and familiarize yourself with common data structures Work with data in R using basic functions of statistics, data mining, data visualization, root solving, and optimization Get acquainted with R's evaluation model with environments and meta-programming techniques with symbol, call, formula, and expression Get to grips with object-oriented programming in R: including the S3, S4, RC, and R6 systems Access relational databases such as SQLite and non-relational databases such as MongoDB and Redis Get to know high performance computing techniques such as parallel computing and Rcpp Use web scraping techniques to extract information Create RMarkdown, an interactive app with Shiny, DiagramR, interactive charts, ggvis, and more In Detail R is a high-level functional language and one of the must-know tools for data science and statistics. Powerful but complex, R can be challenging for beginners and those unfamiliar with its unique behaviors. Learning R Programming is the solution - an easy and practical way to learn R and develop a broad and consistent understanding of the language. Through hands-on examples you'll discover powerful R tools, and R best practices that will give you a deeper understanding of working with data. You'll get to grips with R's data structures and data processing techniques, as well as the most popular R packages to boost your productivity from the offset. Start with the basics of R, then dive deep into the programming techniques and paradigms to make your R code excel. Advance quickly to a deeper understanding of R's behavior as you learn common tasks including data analysis, databases, web scraping, high performance computing, and writing documents. By the end of the book, you'll be a confident R programmer adept at solving problems with the right techniques. Style and approach Developed to make learning easy and intuitive, this book comes packed with a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques and a wealth of practical information for anyone looking to get started with this exciting and powerful language.
This book presents a time-delay approach to the analysis and synthesis of networked control systems (NCSs) under communication constraints. Differently from other approaches, the time-delay approach to NCSs allows communication delays to be larger than the sampling intervals in the presence of scheduling protocols. The book starts from a comprehensive introduction to three main approaches to sampled-data and networked control. It then focuses on time-delay approach, and the modelling of the closed-loop systems in the form of time-delay system. It presents discontinuous (in time) Lyapunov functional constructions that are efficient for NCSs in the presence of communications delays. Further, it highlights time-delay approaches developed to model and analyze NCSs under communication constraints, with a particular focus on dynamic quantization, round-robin, try-once-discard and stochastic protocols. The results are first presented for the continuous-time NCSs and then extended to discrete-time NCSs. Discussing recent developments in Lyapunov-based analysis of NCSs under communication constraints, the book is a valuable resource for researchers interested in sampled-data and networked control, and time-delay systems, as well as for graduate students in automatic control and systems theory.
Imperial-Time-Order is an engagingly written critical study on a persistent historical way of thinking in modern China. Defined as normalization of unification and moralization of time, Qian suggests, the imperial-time-order signifies a temporal structure of empire that has continued to shape the way modern China developed itself conceptually. Weaving together intellectual debates with literary and media representations of imperial history since the late Qing period, ranging from novels, stage plays, films, to television series, Qian traces the different temporalities of each period and takes “time” as the analytical node by which issues of empire, nation, family, morality, individual and collective subjectivity are constructed and contested.
This book systematically presents 40 pests, 7 natural pest enemies, and 20 diseases and weeds commonly encountered in sugarcane production, combining clear colour photos with detailed scientific descriptions. It covers a range of related topics, including morphological identification, habits and frequency of occurrence, prevention and control measures, symptom identification, characteristics of infections and epidemics, parasitic (predator) characteristics, ways of utilising natural pest enemies, main species and distribution, fluctuation in the field, and chemical control of weeds. With novel content presented in simple, straightforward language, the book provides a valuable reference guide for scientific researchers, educators and industrial practitioners, as well as students and advisers at agricultural universities.
This unique compendium focuses on the acquisition and analysis of social media data. The approaches concern both the data-intensive characteristics and graphical structures of social media. The book addresses the critical problems in social media analysis, which representatively cover its lifecycle. The must-have volume is an excellent reference text for professionals, researchers, academics and graduate students in AI and databases"--Publisher's website.
This book addresses development laws for axial strain and excess pore water pressure in silty clay around subway shield tunnels before and after freezing-thawing when subjected to subway loading, as well as the effect of freezing-thawing on the dynamic parameters of silty clay, including the dynamic modulus and damping ratio, introducing readers to the design and construction of bypasses in subway tunnels with the artificial freezing method. On this basis, it then studies the microstructures of silty clay before and after freezing-thawing cyclic loading by means of scanning electron microscope tests and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests. Lastly, the book presents a numerical simulation of the dynamics of silty clay around subway tunnels before and after thawing. Given its scope, it offers a valuable reference guide for construction researchers and designers alike, as well as senior undergraduate and graduate students at colleges and universities.
Provides both fundamentals and new and emerging applications Advanced Drug Delivery brings readers fully up to date with the state of the science, presenting the basics, formulation strategies, and therapeutic applications of advanced drug delivery. The book demonstrates how core concepts of pharmaceutical sciences, chemistry, and molecular biology can be combined and applied in order to spark novel ideas to design and develop advanced drug delivery systems for the treatment of a broad range of human diseases. Advanced Drug Delivery features contributions from an international team of pharmaceutical scientists. Chapters reflect a thorough review and analysis of the literature as well as the authors' firsthand experience developing drug delivery systems. The book is divided into four parts: Part I, Introduction and Basics of Advanced Drug Delivery, explores physiological barriers, stability, transporters, and biomaterials in drug delivery Part II, Strategies for Advanced Drug Delivery, offers tested and proven strategies for advanced delivery of both small molecules and macromolecules Part III, Translational Research of Advanced Drug Delivery, focuses on regulatory considerations and translational applications of advanced drug delivery systems for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, ophthalmic diseases, and brain diseases Part IV, Future Applications of Advanced Drug Delivery in Emerging Research Areas, examines stem cell research, cell-based therapeutics, tissue engineering, and molecular imaging Each chapter provides objectives and assessment questions to help readers grasp key concepts and assess their knowledge as they progress through the book. Advanced Drug Delivery is recommended for graduates and upper-level undergraduates in the pharmaceutical sciences who need a solid foundation in the basics. It is also recommended for pharmaceutical professionals who want to take advantage of new and emerging applications in advanced drug delivery systems.
Lunar explorations have received increasing attention in recent years with tremendous application values, including using the Moon as a remote sensing platform for Earth observation. As an active sensor, the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can detect changes in the atmosphere, terrain, and ocean. Moon-based SAR, complementary to the spaceborne SAR systems, expands our capabilities of watching and understanding the Earth. This book explains the Moon-Earth observation geometry, generic parameters, image focusing, and outlook using the Moon-based SAR. Written as a SAR imaging of Earth on the lunar-based platform, it makes it an essential reference to those interested in planetary and Earth sciences. FEATURES Uses the Moon as a remote sensing platform for Earth observation Explains how to obtain a high spatial resolution with a short revisit time using the Moon-based SAR Covers the observation geometry, range and signal models, two-dimensional signal spectrum, and focusing algorithms for the Moon-based SAR Presents a detailed analysis of sources of phase errors in the Moon-based SAR signal Includes global case studies and introduces conceptual ideas for further research This book is intended for senior graduate students, professional researchers, and engineers studying and working in the fields of lunar exploration and remote sensing applications, especially when dealing with high-orbit SAR studies.
“With Audiotopia, Kun emerges as a pre-eminent analyst, interpreter, and theorist of inter-ethnic dialogue in US music, literature, and visual art. This book is a guide to how scholarship will look in the future—the first fully realized product of a new generation of scholars thrown forth by tumultuous social ferment and eager to talk about the world that they see emerging around them.”—George Lipsitz, author of Time Passages: Collective Memory and American Popular Culture "The range and depth of Audiotopia is thrilling. It's not only that Josh Kun knows so much-it's that he knows what to make of what he knows."—Greil Marcus, author of Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century "The way Josh Kun writes about what he hears, the way he unravels word, sound, and power is breathtaking, provocative, and original. A bold, expansive, and lyrical book, Audiotopia is a record of crossings, textures, tangents, and ideas you will want to play again and again."—Jeff Chang, author of Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation
Based on the technical accumulation and practice of Huawei iLab in the Cloud VR field, this book systematically describes the advantages of Cloud VR technologies; technical requirements on clouds, networks, and terminals as well as solution implementation; Cloud VR experience evaluation baselines and methods; and current business practices. Cloud VR introduces cloud computing and cloud rendering to VR services. With fast and stable networks, cloud-based display output and audio output are coded, compressed, and transmitted to user terminals, implementing cloud-based VR service content and content rendering. Cloud VR has stringent requirements on bandwidth and latency, making it a proficient application for 5G and gigabit home broadband networks in the era of "dual G". As the first advocate of Cloud VR, Huawei iLab developed the first prototype of the Cloud VR technical solution, initiated the industry’s first Cloud VR industry cooperation plan – VR OpenLab with partners – and incubated the world’s first Cloud VR commercial project with China Mobile Fujian. Cloud VR: Technology and Application is the first official publication of Huawei iLab’s research and practice achievements. It systematically and thoroughly introduces the Cloud VR concept, solution architecture, key technologies, and business practices and is of great value in academic and social applications. This book is easy to understand, practical, and suitable for VR vendors, VR technology enthusiasts, carriers, network vendors, cloud service providers, universities, and other enterprises and scientific research institutes.
Radar scattering and imaging of rough surfaces is an active interdisciplinary area of research with many practical applications in fields such as mineral and resource exploration, ocean and physical oceanography, military and national defense, planetary exploration, city planning and land use, environmental science, and many more. By focusing on the most advanced analytical and numerical modeling and describing both forward and inverse modeling, Radar Scattering and Imaging of Rough Surfaces: Modeling and Applications with MATLAB® connects the scattering process to imaging techniques by vivid examples through numerical and experimental demonstrations and provides computer codes and practical uses. This book is unique in its simultaneous treatment of radar scattering and imaging. Key Features Bridges physical modeling with simulation for resolving radar imaging problems (the first comprehensive work to do so) Provides excellent basic and advanced information for microwave remote-sensing professionals in various fields of science and engineering Covers most advanced analytical and numerical modeling for both backscattering and bistatic scattering Includes MATLAB® codes useful not only for academics but also for radar engineers and scientists to develop tools applicable in different areas of earth studies Covering both the theoretical and the practical, Radar Scattering and Imaging of Rough Surfaces: Modeling and Applications with MATLAB® is an invaluable resource for professionals and students using remote sensing to study and explain the Earth and its processes. University and research institutes, electrical and radar engineers, remote-sensing image users, application software developers, students, and academics alike will benefit from this book. The author, Kun-Shan Chen, is an internationally known and respected engineer and scientist and an expert in the field of electromagnetic modeling.
This book provides a comprehensive study of the state of the art in location privacy for mobile applications. It presents an integrated five-part framework for location privacy research, which includes the analysis of location privacy definitions, attacks and adversaries, location privacy protection methods, location privacy metrics, and location-based mobile applications. In addition, it analyses the relationships between the various elements of location privacy, and elaborates on real-world attacks in a specific application. Furthermore, the book features case studies of three applications and shares valuable insights into future research directions. Shedding new light on key research issues in location privacy and promoting the advance and development of future location-based mobile applications, it will be of interest to a broad readership, from students to researchers and engineers in the field.
This study systematically investigates the development process, major characteristics and weak links of China's poverty alleviation experience and conducts a comparative analysis of poverty alleviation cases. It also accurately presents the internal logic and core elements of China's poverty alleviation theory and taking the Chinese experience of poverty alleviation refines the "Two Threads One Force" theoretical framework to make a basic judgment of the "China model" for poverty alleviation. It also presents the rationale and plans for responding to new challenges to achieve poverty alleviation goals, which will enhance the welfare of the people and promote social progress and national prosperity.
Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies/ b Explore foundational and advanced topics in optical fiber sensing technologies In Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive overview of all critical aspects of optical fiber sensing devices, systems, and technologies. The book moves from the basic principles of the technology to innovation methods and a broad range of applications, including Bragg grating sensing technology, intra-cavity laser gas sensing technology, optical coherence tomography, distributed vibration sensing, and acoustic sensing. The accomplished authors bridge the gap between innovative new research in the field and practical engineering solutions, offering readers an unmatched source of practical, application-ready knowledge. Ideal for anyone seeking to further the boundaries of the science of optical fiber sensing or the technological applications for which these techniques are used, Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies: Principles, Techniques, and Applications also includes: Thorough introductions to optical fiber and optical devices, as well as optical fiber Bragg grating sensing technology Practical discussions of Extrinsic-Fabry-Perot-Interferometer-based optical fiber sensing technology, acoustic sensing technology, and high-temperature sensing technology Comprehensive explorations of assemble free micro-interferometer-based optical fiber sensing technology In-depth examinations of optical fiber intra-cavity laser gas sensing technology Perfect for applied and semiconductor physicists, Optical Fiber Sensing Technologies: Principles, Techniques, and Applications is also an invaluable resource for professionals working in the semiconductor, optical, and sensor industries, as well as materials scientists and engineers for measurement and control.
Black and Brown in Los Angeles is a timely and wide-ranging, interdisciplinary foray into the complicated world of multiethnic Los Angeles. The first book to focus exclusively on the range of relationships and interactions between Latinas/os and African Americans in one of the most diverse cities in the United States, the book delivers supporting evidence that Los Angeles is a key place to study racial politics while also providing the basis for broader discussions of multiethnic America. Students, faculty, and interested readers will gain an understanding of the different forms of cultural borrowing and exchange that have shaped a terrain through which African Americans and Latinas/os cross paths, intersect, move in parallel tracks, and engage with a whole range of aspects of urban living. Tensions and shared intimacies are recurrent themes that emerge as the contributors seek to integrate artistic and cultural constructs with politics and economics in their goal of extending simple paradigms of conflict, cooperation, or coalition. The book features essays by historians, economists, and cultural and ethnic studies scholars, alongside contributions by photographers and journalists working in Los Angeles.
The book discusses data and energy integrated communication networking technologies, including the latest research contributions in this promising area. It firstly provides an overview of data and energy integrated communication networks (DEINs) and introduces the key techniques for enabling integrated wireless energy transfer (WET) and wireless information transfer (WIT) in the radio frequency (RF) band. It then describes the ubiquitous architecture of DEINs and demonstrates the typical DEIN system and investigates the core issues in both the physical layer and the medium-access-control (MAC) layer in order to coordinate both the WIT and WET in the same RF band. Lastly, the book addresses a number of emerging research topics in the field of DEINs. It promotes joint efforts from both academia and industry to push DEIN a step closer to practical implementation. It is also a valuable resource for students interested in studying cutting-edge techniques in this field.
This timely book provides broad coverage of security and privacy issues in the macro and micro perspective. In macroperspective, the system and algorithm fundamentals of next-generation wireless networks are discussed. In micro-perspective, this book focuses on the key secure and privacy techniques in different emerging networks from the interconnection view of human and cyber-physical world. This book includes 7 chapters from prominent international researchers working in this subject area. This book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners seeking solutions to wireless security and privacy related issues Recent advances in wireless communication technologies have enabled the large-scale deployment of next-generation wireless networks, and many other wireless applications are emerging. The next generation of mobile networks continues to transform the way people communicate and access information. As a matter of fact, next-generation emerging networks are exploiting their numerous applications in both military and civil fields. For most applications, it is important to guarantee high security of the deployed network in order to defend against attacks from adversaries, as well as the privacy intrusion. The key target in the development of next-generation wireless networks is to promote the integration of the human, cyber, and physical worlds. Previous work in Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) considered the connection between the cyber world and the physical world. In the recent studies, human involvement brings new channels and initiatives in this interconnection. In this integration process, security and privacy are critical issues to many wireless network applications, and it is a paramount concern for the growth of next-generation wireless networks. This is due to the open nature of wireless communication and the involvement of humans. New opportunities for tackling these security and privacy issues in next-generation wireless networks will be achieved by leveraging the properties of interaction among human, computers and things.
In this book, the authors cover the recent progress in the synthesis, characterization and application of various multi-layered carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides. Moreover, the processing and development of MXene-based composites are elaborated, focusing on their applications and performances as transparent conductors in environmental remediation and energy storage systems.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Based on the Unified Coordinates" reviews the relative advantages and drawbacks of Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates as well as the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) and various moving mesh methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for one- and multi-dimensional flows. It then systematically introduces the unified coordinate approach to CFD, illustrated with numerous examples and comparisons to clarify its relation with existing approaches. The book is intended for researchers, graduate students and practitioners in the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics. Emeritus Professor Wai-Hou Hui and Professor Kun Xu both work at the Department of Mathematics of the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China.
Metal Powder—Based Additive Manufacturing Highly comprehensive resource covering all key aspects of the current developments of metal powder—based additive manufacturing Metal Powder—Based Additive Manufacturing provides valuable knowledge and critical insights regarding the recent advances in various metal powder—based additive manufacturing techniques. This book also reviews typical powder preparation processes and highlights the significance of metal powder—based additive manufacturing for various industrial applications. The key features covered in this book: A rigorous overview of the underlying theories and practical applications of metal powder—based additive manufacturing techniques, including laser powder bed fusion, electron beam melting, laser-based directed energy deposition, and metal binder jetting. An expansive introduction of each technique and its significance pertaining to the printing processes, metallurgical defects, powder materials, equipment, and the microstructures and mechanical properties of the printed parts. A deep exploration of the preparation processes of metal powders for additive manufacturing and the effects of different processes on the powder properties. Comprehensive case studies of parts printed by metal powder—based additive manufacturing for various industrial applications. By providing extensive coverage of relevant concepts in the field of metal powder—based additive manufacturing, this book highlights its essential role in Industry 4.0 and serves as a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, and students in materials science, powder metallurgy, physics, and chemistry. The rich research experience of the authors in additive manufacturing ensures that the readers are provided with both an in-depth understanding and informative technical guidance of metal powder—based additive manufacturing.
This book provides a comprehensive and detailed description of the various mechanisms of the CCS–EOR process. Whereas previous texts have primarily focused on carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) separately, this book provides a general overview of both technologies when used together. Coupled CCS–EOR technology has become increasingly important, as it overcomes the respective shortcomings of the two technologies. The book presents an integrated numerical model including the hysteresis effect, solubility trapping, miscibility, and formation damage by asphaltene deposition. The experimental and model-based evaluation of fluid properties is also discussed. The book concludes by discussing the latest research into CO2 storage coupled with EOR, most notably performance control by including additives in CO2 injection, and CO2 injection into shale reservoirs. Ideally suited for graduate students and researchers in the fields of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage, the book shares essential insights into maximising the efficiency of CCS and EOR alike.
This book considers the problems of network-based control and optimization. As is known, network-based control has great advantages over traditional control systems because it may lead to easy installation and maintenance, low cost, and so on. Sometimes, network-based control is also necessary in many situations. For example, multi-agents may need to communicate with each other under wireless scenarios. On the other hand, the network may lead to some imperfect factors such as samplings, delays, transmission protocols, and packet losses. These factors may degrade the system performance and even lead to the instability of the control systems. This book aims at providing a modeling framework and analysis approach for the general nonlinear networked control systems based on the hybrid framework. The proposed results deal with very general nonlinear systems and help the readers understand the principle of nonlinear network-based control and optimization.
This Element presents a unified computational fluid dynamics framework from rarefied to continuum regimes. The framework is based on the direct modelling of flow physics in a discretized space. The mesh size and time step are used as modelling scales in the construction of discretized governing equations. With the variation-of-cell Knudsen number, continuous modelling equations in different regimes have been obtained, and the Boltzmann and Navier-Stokes equations become two limiting equations in the kinetic and hydrodynamic scales. The unified algorithms include the discrete velocity method (DVM)–based unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS), the particlebased unified gas-kinetic particle method (UGKP), and the wave and particle–based unified gas-kinetic wave-particle method (UGKWP). The UGKWP is a multi-scale method with the particle for non-equilibrium transport and wave for equilibrium evolution. The particle dynamics in the rarefied regime and the hydrodynamic flow solver in the continuum regime have been unified according to the cell's Knudsen number.
Natural Polyphenols from Wood: Tannin and Lignin – An Industrial Perspective is a detailed guide to the sourcing and processing of tannin and lignin for valuable advanced applications across areas such as fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food. Drawing on the latest academic research and patent literature, this book provides strong practical understanding of the use of these valuable materials in novel industrial applications. This book introduces natural polyphenols from wood and the fundamental aspects of carbon management within the tree. In-depth presentation of extraction and characterization methods is followed by an extensive coverage of practical and industrial applications of wood polyphenols. This is an essential resource for researchers and advanced students working with lignin or tannin, and across biopolymer science, biomass, wood chemistry, paper, wood adhesives, polymer materials, renewable resources, and biotechnology. It also supports industrial R&D and scientists working with wood polyphenols or bio-based polymers. - This book re-evaluates wood polyphenols from an industrial perspective, revealing the latest techniques and drawing on patent literature. - It addresses fundamental issues of wood polyphenols, such as carbon cycle, wood fractionation, structure, and properties. - It offers a comprehensive review of practical applications, including lignin depolymerization, wood reconstruction, fuels, chemicals, drugs, and food.
For three school years, from 2007 to 2010, about 200 high-needs New York City public schools participated in the Schoolwide Performance Bonus Program, whose broad objective was to improve student performance through school-based financial incentives. An independent analysis of test scores, surveys, and interviews found that the program did not improve student achievement, perhaps because it did not motivate change in educator behavior.
This book provides an in-depth examination of recent research advances in cloud-edge-end computing, covering theory, technologies, architectures, methods, applications, and future research directions. It aims to present state-of-the-art models and optimization methods for fusing and integrating clouds, edges, and devices. Cloud-edge-end computing provides users with low-latency, high-reliability, and cost-effective services through the fusion and integration of clouds, edges, and devices. As a result, it is now widely used in various application scenarios. The book introduces the background and fundamental concepts of clouds, edges, and devices, and details the evolution, concepts, enabling technologies, architectures, and implementations of cloud-edge-end computing. It also examines different types of cloud-edge-end orchestrated systems and applications and discusses advanced performance modeling approaches, as well as the latest research on offloading and scheduling policies. It also covers resource management methods for optimizing application performance on cloud-edge-end orchestrated systems. The intended readers of this book are researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers interested in cloud computing, edge computing, and the Internet of Things. The knowledge of this book will enrich our readers to be at the forefront of cloud-edge-end computing.
Modern Condensed Matter Physics brings together the most important advances in the field of recent decades. It provides instructors teaching graduate-level condensed matter courses with a comprehensive and in-depth textbook that will prepare graduate students for research or further study as well as reading more advanced and specialized books and research literature in the field. This textbook covers the basics of crystalline solids as well as analogous optical lattices and photonic crystals, while discussing cutting-edge topics such as disordered systems, mesoscopic systems, many-body systems, quantum magnetism, Bose–Einstein condensates, quantum entanglement, and superconducting quantum bits. Students are provided with the appropriate mathematical background to understand the topological concepts that have been permeating the field, together with numerous physical examples ranging from the fractional quantum Hall effect to topological insulators, the toric code, and majorana fermions. Exercises, commentary boxes, and appendices afford guidance and feedback for beginners and experts alike.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder in the ageing population, with dementia as a common consequence. AD is defined pathologically by the appearance of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, as described by Alois Alzheimer about a century ago. The causes for AD include genetic predisposition in a small population, ageing and environmental stresses in majority cases. The underlying pathogenic cascades, increases in expression of amyloid precursor protein and accumulation of Aß and reactive oxidant activity and inflammation, have the features of both adaptive, at least initially, and harmful when becoming excessive. Dementia, on the other hand, is a clinical diagnosis and is defined as globally, persistently impaired cognitive skills including memory. Alzheimer dementia refers to clinical dementia in patients who also have Alzheimer neuropathology. Alzheimer dementia is what brings the patients to seek medical treatments. An extraordinary inability to form new memory, especially of those episodic type, and executive dysfunction are among the earliest symptoms in AD patients. In end-stage AD, cognitive degeneration extends far beyond memory loss. The underlying causes include decreases in impaired brain metabolism, which results in impaired synaptic functions and capacities, thus impaired information processing, and eventually leads to neuronal injury and death. This book presents leading-edge research in this dynamic field.
This book presents a mixed-methods study that explores the development of intercultural competence among local Chinese students in Chinese universities, using Deardorff’s process model of intercultural competence as a theoretical framework. In the global higher education context, “internationalization at home” is significant in (re)shaping educational practices, especially under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Chinese higher education is also actively engaged in domestic internationalization. Specifically, this book explores the factors that influence Chinese students’ development of intercultural competence and their understanding of it in the context of internationalization at local Chinese universities. The findings suggest that many universities in China are trying to improve domestic students’ intercultural competence through various strategies, such as foreign language learning, extracurricular intercultural communication activities, and international cooperation programs. Notably, the effects are diverse. Based on these findings, this book also discusses the potential theoretical, practical, and policy implications. This book will be an excellent resource for students and scholars in comparative and international education, student development, cultural studies, Chinese studies, and those interested in Chinese higher education.
Since the publication of the first edition in 1999, the science of probiotics and prebiotics has matured greatly and garnered more interest. The first handbook on the market, Handbook of Probiotics and Prebiotics: Second Edition updates the data in its predecessor, and it also includes material topics not previously discussed in the first edition, including methods protocols, cell line and animal models, and coverage of prebiotics. The editors supplement their expertise by bringing in international experts to contribute chapters. This second edition brings together the information needed for the successful development of a pro- or prebiotic product from laboratory to market.
This book introduces readers to the development of novel optical biosensors for environmental analysis. Environmental pollution has now become a serious problem, which threatens the health of human beings. Traditional analytical methods have a number of drawbacks, such as the need for professional operators and complicated instruments. After millions of years of evolution, biomolecules can perform various functions with good accuracy and efficiency due to their unique structures, offering a viable alternative to traditional methods. This work focuses on using new biological sensing strategies, e.g. those based on special biomaterials, bio-reactions or living cells, to establish novel biosensors. As these biosensors offer satisfactory optical response performance, they can be used to transform the recognition behavior of specific targets into optical signals and effectively detect target objects.
In the context of harmonisation of arbitration law and practice worldwide, to what extent do local legal traditions still influence local arbitration practices, especially at a time when non-Western countries are playing an increasingly important role in international commercial and financial markets? How are the new economic powers reacting to the trend towards harmonisation? China provides a good case study, with its historic tradition of non-confrontational means of dispute resolution now confronting current trends in transnational arbitration. Is China showing signs of adapting to the current trend of transnational arbitration? On the other hand, will Chinese legal culture influence the practice of arbitration in the rest of the world? To address these challenging questions it is necessary to examine the development of arbitration in the context of China's changing cultural and legal structures. Written for international business people, lawyers, academics and students, this book gives the reader a unique insight into arbitration practice in China, based on a combination of theoretical analysis and practical insights. It explains contemporary arbitration in China from an interdisciplinary perspective and with a comparative approach, setting Chinese arbitration in its wider social context to aid understanding of its history, contemporary practice, the legal obstacles to modern arbitration and possible future trends. In 2011 the thesis on which this book was based was named 'Best Thesis in International Studies' by the Swiss Network for International Studies. “What distinguishes this work from other books on international arbitration is its interdisciplinary perspective and comparative approach...this book makes a remarkable contribution to the understanding of arbitration in China and transnational arbitration in general. Academics, scholars and students of international arbitration, comparative studies and globalisation may all find this book stimulating. It also provides useful guidance for practitioners involved or interested in arbitration in China.” From the Foreword by Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's International Arbitration online service.
Material is a key to the experimental observation of novel quantum phenomena predicted in topological insulators. In this chapter, we review the recent theoretic and experimental efforts devoted to improving the existing topological insulator materials and exploring new topological insulators. The emphasis is on growth and engineering of the properties of topological insulator thin films by molecular beam epitaxy for realization of various quantum effects.
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