This book presents the state of the art, principles and ideas of Electrophotonic analysis based on Gas Discharge Visualisation (GDV) technique, known as well as Electrophotonic Imaging (EPI). This approach, celebrating now 15 years after developing the first GDV instrument, has a strong scientific foundation with thousands of researchers, doctors and practitioners using it in the world. Electrophotonic methods allow to study Energy Fields of humans, water, materials and environment. Conceptual background and practical approaches are presented in this book.
An eyewitness account of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its aftermath, newly translated into English. Major General Konstantin Ivanovich Globachev was chief of the Okhrana, the Tsarist secret police, in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) in the two years preceding the 1917 Russian Revolution. This book presents his memoirstranslated in English for the first timeinterposed with those of his wife, Sofia Nikolaevna Globacheva. The generals writings, which he titled The Truth of the Russian Revolution, provide a front-row view of Tsar Nicholas IIs final years, the revolution, and its tumultuous aftermath. Globachev describes the political intrigue and corruption in the capital and details his offices surveillance over radical activists and the mysterious Rasputin. His wife takes a more personal approach, depicting her tenacity in the struggle to keep her family intact and the familys flight to freedom. Her descriptions vividly portray the privileges and relationships of the noble class that collapsed with the empire. Translator Vladimir G. Marinich includes biographical information, illustrations, a glossary, and a timeline to contextualize this valuable primary source on a key period in Russian history.
A detailed history of relations between the Russian state and the Kalmyk people from the 17th century until our days, this book focuses on the Kalmyks' official accession to the Russian state; the gradual curtailment of the autonomy of the Kalmyk khanate and inclusion of its people in the centralized system of Russian state control; Kalmyk disillusionment as their internal affairs were increasingly encroached upon by the central authorities and the economic burdens imposed on them by their new "patron" kept growing; the tragic story of a part of the people setting off for their ancestral homeland, Dzungaria, in the mid-18th century, with most perishing on the way, never to reach their destination." "The book describes the changing national policies of the totalitarian state towards Kalmyks. The issues of the legal status of Kalmykia, and the development of the republic under conditions of the new Russian federal system of state government are also covered."--BOOK JACKET.
This monograph offers a detailed description of the statistics, dynamics and statics of Josephson junctions. Particular emphasis is placed on the dynamics of new circuits and analog and digital devices using single quanta of magnetic flux.
Russia boasts a long and rich tradition in chess education, and Russian chess teachers and trainers are simply the best in the world. The Complete Manual of Positional Chess, probably the most thorough grounding in the history of teaching chess, was recently created for chess teachers at the DYSS, the special sports school for young talents in Moscow. Konstantin Sakaev and Konstantin Landa present a complete set of instructions and tips for trainers and self-improvers. You will learn not only how to enhance your fundamental knowledge and technical skills, but also how to work on your physical and psychological conditioning. In VOLUME 2 you are again handed basic and advanced tools to improve in a wide array of areas: assessing and handling pawn structures, employing positional and tactical means to improve your position, identifying weak spots, mastering attacking dynamics and more. If you complete Sakaev and Landa’s course you will be able to assess virtually any chess position you are confronted with. With its all-encompassing approach this ground-breaking book allows everyone to reap the fruits of the long tradition of instructive excellence in Russia.
Russia is a great country—both in terms of size and its achievements. It is the largest country in the world and, perhaps, the richest one as well, if one counts all its natural resources combined. The Russian population is well educated and its sciences and technology are quite advanced. It is also a country with political, legal, and economic systems similar to those in Western Europe and North America. What then prevents it from joining the community of Western democratic societies? What makes it always slide back into the habitual mode of authoritarianism, nationalism, and permeating corruption even when formal democratic institutions and structures are installed? Why does it stubbornly resist any attempts to promote democracy and liberalism? Is it because some curse hangs over the country and it always ends up in the hands of a bad government? The author of this book is convinced that the Russian government is just a derivative of the entire population—the entire culture. The book is thus devoted to Russian culture in comparison with Western cultures and the United States in particular. The author begins this juxtaposition at the dawn of Russian history—the Christianization of Russia in the late tenth century. Religion played a tremendous role in shaping Russian tradition from the tenth through the seventeenth centuries. Choosing Greek Orthodoxy Russia made the first and decisive step away from Western Christianity inheriting the Byzantine kind of authoritarianism and banning not only the religious doctrine but also all knowledge coming from the West including Latin. The author also demonstrates how serfdom and the agricultural commune, which lasted virtually into the twentieth century, fostered the culture of collectivism, nationalism, and legal nihilism. The book’s last part explores the psychology of Russian perceptions of the United States—a crucial factor in the relationships between the two countries. Russian culture, the author contends, persists due to inculcating children during the early childhood socialization, thus passing values and myths from generation to generation. This book represents a truly interdisciplinary project employing ideas and research results from such disciplines as cultural and psychological anthropology, social psychology, psychology of child development, sociology, semiology, law, and history of Russia and Russian religion.
Unlike direct problems related to the solution of differential equations, inverse problems are typically expressed by integral equations. These equations relate media parameters to parameters of a measured signal, or input parameters to output ones in various measurement systems. The solution of integral equations is, with few exceptions, an ill-posed problem, and additional a priori information about the exact solution should be used to solve such problems. The specific character of the a priori information determines various regularisation methods that are in use here to obtain an approximate solution: Tikhonov's method, statistical regularisation method, methods based on the use of additional equations or restrictions or of models with limited number of unknown parameters. The main point of this book is the study of convergence properties of each method and the wide application of numerical modelling that gives the accuracy of the solution in a chosen metric. It is an unaccustomed procedure for physicists, but, because there is no proportionality between data and solution errors in ill-posed problems, such approach is inevitable.
Written by two leading scholars, this cutting-edge textbook provides a comprehensive re-evaluation of Russian foreign policy in the 21st century, covering its historical development, key institutions and actors, and processes, principles and strategies. It integrates domestic and global perspectives to give a more rounded and balanced assessment of Russia's place in the world. This text will be essential reading on Russian foreign policy modules as well as on broader courses on Russian government and politics. It can also be used as supplementary reading on more general comparative politics and foreign policy modules which use Russia as a key case study.
Group theoretical concepts elucidate fundamental physical phenomena, including excitation spectra of quantum systems and complex geometrical structures such as molecules and crystals. These concepts are extensively covered in numerous textbooks. The aim of the present monograph is to illuminate more subtle aspects featuring group theory for quantum mechanics, that is, the concept of dynamical symmetry. Dynamical symmetry groups complement the conventional groups: their elements induce transitions between states belonging to different representations of the symmetry group of the Hamiltonian. Dynamical symmetry appears as a hidden symmetry in the hydrogen atom and quantum rotator problem, but its main role is manifested in nano and meso systems. Such systems include atomic clusters, large molecules, quantum dots attached to metallic electrodes, etc. They are expected to be the building blocks of future quantum electronic devices and information transmitting algorithms. Elucidation of the electronic properties of such systems is greatly facilitated by applying concepts of dynamical group theory.
This book treats the structure and variability of basic physical fields in a thin near-surface layer which responds quickly to all short-term and local fluctuations of atmospheric forcing and of radiative solar energy flux. The book contains up-to-date information on different phenomena and processes in this layer based on research conducted over the last ten years. The following topics are treated in detail: basic types of vertical thermal structure of near-surface layers; anomalous phenomena on the ocean surface; thermal and haline boundary layers, its structures and relations to convection; diurnal thermocline and cycle nature of related processes; effects of precipitation on near-surface salinity and thermal structure; peculiarities of near-surface ocean currents; coherent (organized) forms of non-stationary currents (mushroom currents or vortex dipoles, transversal jets in coastal upwellings, vortices and jets in marginal ice zones); some aspects of effectiveness of remote sensing of the ocean by aerospace technique.
This book serves both as a textbook and a scientific work. As a textbook, the work gives a clear, thorough and systematic presentation of the fundamental postulates, theorems and principles and their applications of the classical mathematical theories of plasticity and creep. In addition to the mathematical theories, the physical theory of plasticity, the book presents the Budiansky concept of slip and its modification by M. Leonov. Special attention is given to the analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of the classical theories. In its main part, the book presents the synthetic theory of irreversible deformations, which is based on the mathematical Sanders flow plasticity theory and the physical theory, the Budiansky concept of slip. The main peculiarity of the synthetic theory is that the formulae for both plastic and creep deformation, as well their interrelations, can be derived from the single constitutive equation. Furthermore, the synthetic theory, as physical one, can take into account the real processes that take place in solids at irreversible deformation. This widens considerably the potential of the synthetic theory. In the framework of the synthetic theory such problems as creep delay, the Hazen-Kelly effect, the deformation at the break of the load trajectory, the influence of the rate of loading on the stress-strain diagram, creep at the changes of load, creep at unloading and reversed creep, have been analytically described. In the last chapter, the book shows the solution of some contemporary problems of plasticity and creep: Creep deformation at cyclic abrupt changes of temperature, The influence of irradiation on the plastic and creep deformation, Peculiarities of deformation at the phase transformation of some metals.
The USSR achieved military parity with the West in the 1970s and important arms control accords were signed that gave them a measure of security. Thus, the mid-1980s seemed a propitious time to take a daring leap toward capitalism with help from Russia?s new friends. But Perestroika, Glasnost and new legal codes designed with advice from Western experts led to an utter economic and social breakdown. Shocking concrete examples of the corruption, chaos and misery in the disastrous 1990s are related by the author, a Russian close to the administration in Moscow. If the intent was to turn Russia into a cowboy-capitalistic hell and undermine Russians' confidence in capitalism, it succeeded. But it did not succeed in stealing resources and destroying the West's long-term rival. No wonder the public was ready for a strong, smart, energetic leader to set a new direction...and so we have Putin.
This powerful collection of fifteen memoirs by and about one of the greatest poets of our time weaves an unforgettable drama of friendship, grace, and courage, through long years of heartbreak and hunger.
Van der Waals Ferroelectrics A comprehensive guide to a unique class of compounds with a variety of applications Since the discovery of graphene, there has been intensive interest in two-dimensional materials with similar electronic and industrial applications. The limitations on the usefulness of graphene itself, however, have powered the search for other materials with similar properties. One such class of materials, the phosphorous chalcogenides, has proven a particularly fruitful avenue for research, due to the favorable band gap and ferroelectric properties of these materials. Van der Waals Ferroelectrics provides, for the first time, a detailed overview of this highly relevant and sought-after class of materials, also known as transition metal chalcogenophosphates (TMCPs). Focusing on physical properties, the book explores the complex physics underlying these compounds as well as the unique characteristics that have driven their ever-increasing importance to the materials science community. Van der Waals Ferroelectrics readers will also find: Both computational and experimental perspectives on TCMP compounds In-depth discussion of the properties essential to the design and construction of devices like sensors, actuators, memory chips, and capacitors The first detailed review of the functional properties of TCMP compounds, such as ferrielectricity, electrostriction, and ionic conductivity Van der Waals Ferroelectrics is a useful reference for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, solid state chemists, solid state physicists, electrical engineers, and libraries supporting these professions.
In the second half of the third millennium BC the Indo-European tribe known as the Hittites migrated and settled in Central Anatolia, at that time a land of small city-states whose rulers lived in fortresses. These fortifications enabled the Hittites to transform themselves into a Bronze Age super-power, defeating the Egyptians at Kadesh in c.1274 BC. Konstantin Nossov examines the fortifications constructed by the Hittites in their efforts to sustain and then halt the decline of their once flourishing empire. Providing an in-depth anatomy of the fortresses, focusing on the major sites of the principal city Hattusha as well as sites at Alacahöyük and Karatepe with full-colour reconstructions, this is an intriguing glimpse into the history of an empire which at its height rivalled the Egyptians and Assyrians. It concludes with an examination of these sites as they survive today, information that will appeal both to history enthusiasts and tourists visiting the area.
This book provides information on the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to modern environmental problems associated with ocean pollution with a particular focus on the Back Sea. The oceans are a vast but fragile complex. In recent decades, it has become especially manifest when ocean pollution has reached an unparalleled situation. Meanwhile, not only the well-being of ecosystems depends on the state of ocean waters, but human civilization largely depends on the oceans as a consequence of environmental dependence. This book examines the consequences of pollutants such as oil and hydrocarbon products (including plastics and microplastics), water acidification, sewage, wastewaters discharge into the ocean, thermal pollution, nuclear pollution, and biological pollution. Beyond the types of pollutants and their consequences, this book outlines the state of the art of the legal situation internationally regarding ocean pollution. The authors also show the current pollution of the inland seas, taking as an example of the Black Sea (anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution, its shelf, and shallow waters as well as international legislation). A part of the book analyzes the main types of environmental monitoring of the oceans and their role in solving ocean pollution problems with a particular interest in the Black Sea. The book is of interest to specialists in ocean pollution, ecologists, oceanologists, students, and graduate students studying oceanography, marine ecology, current methods of environmental monitoring, and legal problems related to the oceans and seas pollution, as well as to anyone interested in modern problems of the oceans.
The book focuses on the synthesis of the fundamental disciplines and practical applications involved in the investigation, description, and analysis of aircraft flight including applied aerodynamics, aircraft propulsion, flight performance, stability, and control. The book covers the aerodynamic models that describe the forces and moments on maneuvering aircraft and provides an overview of the concepts and methods used in flight dynamics. Computational methods are widely used by the practicing aerodynamicist, and the book covers computational fluid dynamics techniques used to improve understanding of the physical models that underlie computational methods.
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