Kofi A Makinwa's Books

Resistor-based Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology

By: Sining Pan,Kofi A.A. Makinwa

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Resistor-based Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology

By: Sining Pan,Kofi A.A. Makinwa

This book describes the background, principles, implementations, characterization, and future trends of temperature sensors made from silicon resistors in CMOS technology, including their readout circuits. Readers will benefit from the latest research of CMOS temperature sensors, and could learn about various precision analog techniques such as phase detection, continuous-time ΔΣ ADC, zoom ADC, FIR-DAC, dynamic element matching, OTA linearization, etc.

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Page Count

162

Publisher

Springer Nature

Published Date

ISBN 10

3030952843

ISBN 13

9783030952846

Electrothermal Frequency References in Standard CMOS

By: S. Mahdi Kashmiri,Kofi A. A. Makinwa

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Electrothermal Frequency References in Standard CMOS

By: S. Mahdi Kashmiri,Kofi A. A. Makinwa

This book describes an alternative method of realizing accurate on-chip frequency references in standard CMOS processes. This method exploits the thermal-diffusivity of silicon, i.e. the rate at which heat diffuses through a silicon substrate. This is the first book describing the design of such electrothermal frequency references. It includes the necessary theory, supported by practical realizations that achieve inaccuracies as low as 0.1% and thus demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. The book also includes several circuit and system-level solutions to the precision circuit design challenges encountered during the design of such frequency references.

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Page Count

219

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1461464730

ISBN 13

9781461464730

Energy-Efficient Smart Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology

By: Kamran Souri,Kofi A.A. Makinwa

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Energy-Efficient Smart Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology

By: Kamran Souri,Kofi A.A. Makinwa

This book describes the design and implementation of energy-efficient smart (digital output) temperature sensors in CMOS technology. To accomplish this, a new readout topology, namely the zoom-ADC, is presented. It combines a coarse SAR-ADC with a fine Sigma-Delta (SD) ADC. The digital result obtained from the coarse ADC is used to set the reference levels of the SD-ADC, thereby zooming its full-scale range into a small region around the input signal. This technique considerably reduces the SD-ADC’s full-scale range, and notably relaxes the number of clock cycles needed for a given resolution, as well as the DC-gain and swing of the loop-filter. Both conversion time and power-efficiency can be improved, which results in a substantial improvement in energy-efficiency. Two BJT-based sensor prototypes based on 1st-order and 2nd-order zoom-ADCs are presented. They both achieve inaccuracies of less than ±0.2°C over the military temperature range (-55°C to 125°C). A prototype capable of sensing temperatures up to 200°C is also presented. As an alternative to BJTs, sensors based on dynamic threshold MOSTs (DTMOSTs) are also presented. It is shown that DTMOSTs are capable of achieving low inaccuracy (±0.4°C over the military temperature range) as well as sub-1V operation, making them well suited for use in modern CMOS processes.

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Page Count

133

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

3319623079

ISBN 13

9783319623078

Mobility-based Time References for Wireless Sensor Networks

By: Fabio Sebastiano,Lucien J. Breems,Kofi A Makinwa

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Mobility-based Time References for Wireless Sensor Networks

By: Fabio Sebastiano,Lucien J. Breems,Kofi A Makinwa

This book describes the use of low-power low-cost and extremely small radios to provide essential time reference for wireless sensor networks. The authors explain how to integrate such radios in a standard CMOS process to reduce both cost and size, while focusing on the challenge of designing a fully integrated time reference for such radios. To enable the integration of the time reference, system techniques are proposed and analyzed, several kinds of integrated time references are reviewed, and mobility-based references are identified as viable candidates to provide the required accuracy at low-power consumption. Practical implementations of a mobility-based oscillator and a temperature sensor are also presented, which demonstrate the required accuracy over a wide temperature range, while drawing 51-uW from a 1.2-V supply in a 65-nm CMOS process.

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Page Count

176

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1461434831

ISBN 13

9781461434832

High Speed and Wide Bandwidth Delta-Sigma ADCs

By: Muhammed Bolatkale,Lucien J. Breems,Kofi A. A. Makinwa

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High Speed and Wide Bandwidth Delta-Sigma ADCs

By: Muhammed Bolatkale,Lucien J. Breems,Kofi A. A. Makinwa

This book describes techniques for realizing wide bandwidth (125MHz) over-sampled analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in nano meter-CMOS processes. The authors offer a clear and complete picture of system level challenges and practical design solutions in high-speed Delta-Sigma modulators. Readers will be enabled to implement ADCs as continuous-time delta-sigma (CT∆Σ) modulators, offering simple resistive inputs, which do not require the use of power-hungry input buffers, as well as offering inherent anti-aliasing, which simplifies system integration. The authors focus on the design of high speed and wide-bandwidth ΔΣMs that make a step in bandwidth range which was previously only possible with Nyquist converters. More specifically, this book describes the stability, power efficiency and linearity limits of ΔΣMs, aiming at a GHz sampling frequency.

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Page Count

135

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

3319058401

ISBN 13

9783319058405

Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Amplifiers

By: Qinwen Fan,Kofi A. A. Makinwa,Johan H. Huijsing

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Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Amplifiers

By: Qinwen Fan,Kofi A. A. Makinwa,Johan H. Huijsing

This book describes the concept and design of the capacitively-coupled chopper technique, which can be used in precision analog amplifiers. Readers will learn to design power-efficient amplifiers employing this technique, which can be powered by regular low supply voltage such as 2V and possibly having a +/-100V input common-mode voltage input. The authors provide both basic design concepts and detailed design examples, which cover the area of both operational and instrumentation amplifiers for multiple applications, particularly in power management and biomedical circuit designs.

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Page Count

129

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

3319473913

ISBN 13

9783319473918

Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers and Read-Out Integrated Circuits

By: Rong Wu,Johan H. Huijsing,Kofi A Makinwa

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Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers and Read-Out Integrated Circuits

By: Rong Wu,Johan H. Huijsing,Kofi A Makinwa

This book presents innovative solutions in the design of precision instrumentation amplifier and read-out ICs, which can be used to boost millivolt-level signals transmitted by modern sensors, to levels compatible with the input ranges of typical Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). The discussion includes the theory, design and realization of interface electronics for bridge transducers and thermocouples. It describes the use of power efficient techniques to mitigate low frequency errors, resulting in interface electronics with high accuracy, low noise and low drift. Since this book is mainly about techniques for eliminating low frequency errors, it describes the nature of these errors and the associated dynamic offset cancellation techniques used to mitigate them.

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Page Count

199

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1461437318

ISBN 13

9781461437314

Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers

By: Frerik Witte,Kofi Makinwa,Johan Huijsing

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Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers

By: Frerik Witte,Kofi Makinwa,Johan Huijsing

Dynamic Offset-Compensated CMOS Amplifiers describes the theory, design and realization of dynamic offset compensated CMOS amplifiers. It focuses on the design of general-purpose wide-band operational amplifiers and instrumentation amplifiers. Two offset compensation techniques are described: auto-zeroing and chopping. Several topologies are discussed, with which these techniques can be used in the design of wide-band dynamic offset-compensated amplifiers. Four implementations are discussed in detail: two low-offset wide-band operational amplifiers, a low-offset instrumentation amplifier, and a low-offset current-sense amplifier, which can sense the current drawn from supply voltages up to 28V .

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Page Count

178

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

9048127564

ISBN 13

9789048127566

Low Power Active Electrode ICs for Wearable EEG Acquisition

By: Jiawei Xu,Refet Firat Yazicioglu,Chris Van Hoof,Kofi Makinwa

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Low Power Active Electrode ICs for Wearable EEG Acquisition

By: Jiawei Xu,Refet Firat Yazicioglu,Chris Van Hoof,Kofi Makinwa

This book presents fundamental requirements, electrical specification, and parameter tradeoffs of wearable EEG acquisition circuits, especially those compatible with dry electrodes for user-friendly recordings. The authors introduce active electrode, the most promising solution for dry electrodes-based EEG measurement. This architectural concept has been combined with various, innovative circuit design techniques to illustrate structured IC design methodologies for high performance EEG recording. This book also gives examples on the design, implementation and evaluation of three generations of active electrode ICs.

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Page Count

136

Publisher

Springer

Published Date

ISBN 10

3319748637

ISBN 13

9783319748634

Book's by Kofi A Makinwa

Resistor-based Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology

Resistor-based Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology

Electrothermal Frequency References in Standard CMOS

Electrothermal Frequency References in Standard CMOS

Energy-Efficient Smart Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology

Energy-Efficient Smart Temperature Sensors in CMOS Technology

Mobility-based Time References for Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobility-based Time References for Wireless Sensor Networks

High Speed and Wide Bandwidth Delta-Sigma ADCs

High Speed and Wide Bandwidth Delta-Sigma ADCs

Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Amplifiers

Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Amplifiers

Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers and Read-Out Integrated Circuits

Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers and Read-Out Integrated Circuits

Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers

Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers

Low Power Active Electrode ICs for Wearable EEG Acquisition

Low Power Active Electrode ICs for Wearable EEG Acquisition

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