This book provides an overview of recent developments in experiments probing the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states of the second Landau level, especially the \nu=5/2 state. It summarizes the state-of-the-art understanding of these FQH states. It furthermore describes how the properties of the FQH states can be probed experimentally, by investigating tunneling and confinement properties. The progress towards the realization of an experiment, allowing to probe the potentially non-Abelian statistics of the quasiparticle excitations at \nu=5/2 is discussed. The book is intended as a reference for graduate students, PostDocs and researchers starting in the field. The experimental part of this book gives practical advice for solving the experimental challenges which researchers studying highly fragile FQH states are faced with.
Originally published in German in 1988, The Apocalypse in Germany is now available for the first time in English. A fitting subject for the dawn of the new millennium, the apocalypse has intrigued humanity for the last two thousand years, serving as both a fascinating vision of redemption and a profound threat. A cross-disciplinary study, The Apocalypse in Germany analyzes fundamental aspects of the apocalypse as a religious, political, and aesthetic phenomenon. Author Klaus Vondung draws from religious, philosophical, and political texts, as well as works of art and literature. Using classic Jewish and Christian apocalyptic texts as symbolic and historical paradigms, Vondung determines the structural characteristics and the typical images of the apocalyptic worldview. He clarifies the relationship between apocalyptic visions and utopian speculations and explores the question of whether modern apocalypses can be viewed as secularizations of the Judeo-Christian models. Examining sources from the eighteenth century to the present, Vondung considers the origins of German nationalism, World War I, National Socialism, and the apocalyptic tendencies in Marxism as well as German literature--from the fin de siècle to postmodernism. His analysis of the existential dimension of the apocalypse explores the circumstances under which particular individuals become apocalyptic visionaries and explains why the apocalyptic tradition is so prevalent in Germany. The Apocalypse in Germany offers an interdisciplinary perspective that will appeal to a broad audience. This book will also be of value to readers with an interest in German studies, as it clarifies the riddles of Germany's turbulent history and examines the profile of German culture, particularly in the past century.
This book describes manifestations of classical dynamics and chaos in the quantum properties of mesoscopic systems. During the last two decades mesoscopic physics has evolved into a rapidly progressing and exciting interdisciplinary field of physics. The first part of the book deals with integrable and chaotic classical dynamics with particular emphasis on the semiclassical description of spectral correlations, thermodynamic properties and linear response functions. The main part shows applications to prominent observables in the mesoscopic context.
Klaus Mollenhauer’s Forgotten Connections: On Culture and Upbringing is internationally regarded as one of the most important German contributions to educational and curriculum theory in the 20th century. Appearing here in English for the first time, the book draws on Mollenhauer’s concern for social justice and his profound awareness of the pedagogical tension between the inheritance of the past and the promise of the future. The book focuses on the idea of Bildung, in which philosophy and education come together to see upbringing and maturation as being much more about holistic experience than skill development. This translation includes a detailed introduction from Norm Friesen, the book’s translator and editor. This introduction contextualizes the original publication and discusses its application to education today. Although Mollenhauer’s work focused on content and culture, particularly from a German perspective, this book draws on philosophy and sociology to offer internationally relevant responses to the challenge of communicating cultural values and understandings to new generations. Forgotten Connections will be of value to students, researchers and practitioners working in the fields of education and culture, curriculum studies, and in educational and social foundations.
This book focuses on the gradual formation of the concept of ‘light quanta’ or ‘photons’, as they have usually been called in English since 1926. The great number of synonyms that have been used by physicists to denote this concept indicates that there are many different mental models of what ‘light quanta’ are: simply finite, ‘quantized packages of energy’ or ‘bullets of light’? ‘Atoms of light’ or ‘molecules of light’? ‘Light corpuscles’ or ‘quantized waves’? Singularities of the field or spatially extended structures able to interfere? ‘Photons’ in G.N. Lewis’s sense, or as defined by QED, i.e. virtual exchange particles transmitting the electromagnetic force? The term ‘light quantum’ made its first appearance in Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper on a “heuristic point of view” to cope with the photoelectric effect and other forms of interaction of light and matter, but the mental model associated with it has a rich history both before and after 1905. Some of its semantic layers go as far back as Newton and Kepler, some are only fully expressed several decades later, while others initially increased in importance then diminished and finally vanished. In conjunction with these various terms, several mental models of light quanta were developed—six of them are explored more closely in this book. It discusses two historiographic approaches to the problem of concept formation: (a) the author’s own model of conceptual development as a series of semantic accretions and (b) Mark Turner’s model of ‘conceptual blending’. Both of these models are shown to be useful and should be explored further. This is the first historiographically sophisticated history of the fully fledged concept and all of its twelve semantic layers. It systematically combines the history of science with the history of terms and a philosophically inspired history of ideas in conjunction with insights from cognitive science.
Kaum eine andere Periode der r�mischen Geschichte bietet ein so turbulentes Bild wie die Soldatenkaiserzeit zwischen 235 und 284 n. Chr. Zahlreiche Einf�lle von Germanen und Persern, h�ufige Herrscherwechsel und wirtschaftliche Probleme erschuetterten das R�mische Reich in seinen Grundfesten. Neben Krisensymptomen lassen sich aber auch Reformans�tze aufzeigen. Der Band vereinigt die Vortr�ge einer Berliner Tagung vom Juli 2005. Die 20 Autorinnen und Autoren untersuchen die Transformationsprozesse auf Reichsebene, in den Regionen und auf dem Gebiet der Religion sowie die Deutungsmodelle in der Forschungsgeschichte. Sie leisten damit einen Beitrag zur kontroversen Diskussion ueber den Charakter dieser Epoche. Inhalt Klaus-Peter Johne / Thomas Gerhardt / Udo Hartmann: Einleitung Er�ffnungsvortrag: Hartwin Brandt: Facts and Fictions - Die Historia Augusta und das 3.�Jahrhundert I. Die Transformation des R�mischen Reiches im 3. Jahrhundert I.1. Die politische Transformation des Reiches: Lukas de Blois: The Onset of Crisis in the First Half of the Third Century A.�D. Ulrich Huttner: Zwischen Traditionalismus und Totalitarismus. Zur Ideologie und Praxis der Regierung des Kaisers Decius Bruno Bleckmann: Zu den Motiven der Christenverfolgung des Decius Michael P. Speidel: Gallienus and the Marcomanni Udo Hartmann: Der Mord an Kaiser Gallienus � Klaus-Peter Johne: Die Illyrischen Kaiser als Herrscher neuen Typs Olivier Hekster�/ Erika Manders: Kaiser gegen Kaiser: Bilder der Macht im 3.�Jahrhundert I.2. Wandel und Kontinuit�t in den Regionen des R�mischen Reiches: Christian Witschel: Zur Situation im r�mischen Africa w�hrend des 3.�Jahrhunderts Kai Ruffing: Wirtschaftliche Prosperit�t im 3. Jahrhundert: Die St�dte �gyptens als Paradigma? Werner Oenbrink: Shahba�/ Philippopolis - Die Transformation einer safaitisch-arabischen Siedlung in eine r�mische Colonia Johannes Noll�: Bronzene Reflexe einer Krise. Das st�dtische Muenzwesen Kleinasiens als Indikator von Ph�nomenen der Reichskrise des 3.�Jahrhunderts und von zeitgen�ssischem Krisenempfinden I.3. Transformation religi�ser Vorstellungen im 3. Jahrhundert: Thorsten Fleck: Isis, Sarapis, Mithras und die Ausbreitung des Christentums im 3. Jahrhundert Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst: Die manich�ische Mission in Palmyra. Die Quellen und ihre Auswertung II. Die Rezeption der Soldatenkaiserzeit II.1. Die Rezeption im Mittelalter und in der Fruehen Neuzeit: Andreas Goltz: Zerrbilder eines Herrschers und Christenverfolgers. Zur Rezeption Kaiser Valerians in Sp�tantike, Mittelalter und Neuzeit Kathrin Schade: Palladio und die Soldatenkaiser. Renaissancezeichnungen verlorener Monumentalbauten des 3.�Jahrhunderts in Rom II.2. Das 3.�Jahrhundert in der modernen Forschung: Monika Schuol: Die Wuerdigung der Soldatenkaiserzeit in der rechtsgeschichtlichen Forschung Thomas Gerhardt: Zur Geschichte des Krisenbegriffs Matth�us Heil: �Soldatenkaiser� als Epochenbegriff Die Soldatenkaiser � Abkuerzungsverzeichnis � Abbildungsverzeichnis � Autorenverzeichnis � Register � Tafeln.
This book provides an overview of recent developments in experiments probing the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states of the second Landau level, especially the \nu=5/2 state. It summarizes the state-of-the-art understanding of these FQH states. It furthermore describes how the properties of the FQH states can be probed experimentally, by investigating tunneling and confinement properties. The progress towards the realization of an experiment, allowing to probe the potentially non-Abelian statistics of the quasiparticle excitations at \nu=5/2 is discussed. The book is intended as a reference for graduate students, PostDocs and researchers starting in the field. The experimental part of this book gives practical advice for solving the experimental challenges which researchers studying highly fragile FQH states are faced with.
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