Georges Köhler was one of the most prominent German scientists of recent history. In 1984, at an age of 38, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with N.K. Jerne and C. Milstein, for inventing the technique for generating monoclonal antibodies. This method and its subsequent applications had an enormous impact on basic research, medicine and the biotech industry. In the same year, Köhler became one of the directors of the Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology in Freiburg; his unfortunate premature death in 1995 set an end to his extraordinary career. Prof. Klaus Eichmann, who had invited Köhler to become his codirector, is one of the people who were closest to him. This scientific biography commemorates the 10th anniversary of Köhler's untimely death. Köhler's scientific achievements are explained in a way to make them understandable for the general public and discussed in the historical context of immunological research.
The network paradigm dominated immunological research from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. The originator, Niels Jerne, hypothesized that the vast diversity of antibodies in each individual forms a network of mutual "idiotypic" recognition, thus regulating the immune system. In context of emerging concepts of systems biology such as cybernetics and autopoesis, the "Eigenbehavior" of the immune system fascinated an entire generation of young immunologists. But fascination led to experimental errors and overinterpretation, eventually magnifying the immune system from a mere infection-fighting device to a substrate of personality and individuality. As a result, what initially appeared as an exciting new perspective of the immune system is now viewed as a scientific vagary, and is largely abandoned. The author, himself a participant in the network vagary, begins with a description of the leading theoretical concepts on fact finding in science. This is followed by a historical account of the rise and fall of the network paradigm, complemented by personal interviews with some of the prominent protagonists. By comparing the network paradigm to other, more lasting concepts in life science, the author develops a general perspective on how solid knowledge is derived from error-prone scientific methodology, namely by exposure of scientific notions to the scrutiny of reality.
Follows the story of a utopian city with architecture that drives its inhabitants mad and the never-sleeping architect who quests tirelessly for a cure: Mister X"--
Der Nationalsozialismus steht für den Geschichts- und Sozialwissenschaftler nach mehr als 60 Jahren nach dessen Ende immer noch im Fokus des Interesses. Die Arbeit setzt sich präzise und übersichtlich mit dieser Geschichtsepoche auseinander und vermittelt dem zeit- und kulturgeschichtlich interessierten Leser in übersichtlicher Form wichtige Daten und Fakten. Kompakte Hintergrundinformationen (Biographien, Beiträge von Zeitzeugen, Glossar) sowie ein Dokumententeil, ein umfassendes bibliographisches Verzeichnis sowie ein ausführliches Sach- und Personenregister vervollständigen diese Wissensbasis.
Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum This invaluable work traces the role of the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and SD, the core group of Himmler’s murder units involved in the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question,” during and immediately after the German campaign in Poland in 1939. In addition to relevant Einsatzgruppen reports, the book includes key documents from other sources, especially eyewitness accounts from victims or onlookers. Such accounts provide an alternative, often much more realistic, perspective on the nature and consequences of the actions previously known only through documentation generated by the perpetrators. With carefully selected primary sources contextualized by the authors’ clear narrative, this work fills an important gap in our understanding of a crucial period in the evolution of policies directed against Jews, Poles, and others deemed dangerous or inferior by the Third Reich. Supplemented by maps and photographs, this book will be an essential reference and research tool.
Today the problems of reunification seem to feature more often in the international spotlight than the benefits. This timely volume offers a reassessment of Germany's postwar development from its inception through to reunification, including a thorough examination of the implications for economic, political and social policies. The impressive team of contributors include leading names in the history of modern Germany, together with some of the ablest younger scholars in the field. They are: Hartmut Berghoff, David Childs, Immanuel Geiss, Graham Hallett, Klaus Larres, Terry McNeill, Torsten Opelland, Richard Overy, Stephen Padgett, Panikos Panayi, and Mathias Siekmeier.
Between 1492 and 1504, Christopher Columbus made four attempts to find the East by heading West. In the process he lost a fair number of ships; on his last journey alone he lost no fewer than four. Although Columbus also left written documentation of where his boats had gone down, no one has been able to locate even one of the wrecks. (His reports were probably inaccurate, perhaps willfully so--he was frequently less than truthful about his adventures in the New World.) In the mid-1990s, an American expatriate living in Panama--an aging surfer dude who ran a Scuba-diving outfitting shop and diving school--a Panamanian real estate agent, and an American on vacation with his son all claimed to have been the first to locate the remains of a small ship lying in fairly shallow waters in a small gulf in Panama. No one took the discovery seriously, since it had not been made by a team of established archeologists and scientists. Finally, in 2002, the authors of this book--journalists and amateur divers--decided to investigate. They organized a team of American scientists, all of them experts in carbon dating and underwater shipwrecks, who established not only that the Panama wreck was the oldest ever found in the entire Western Hemisphere--dating from around 1500--but that it was very likely the remains of one of Columbus' last ships, the Vizcaina. To be published on the 500th anniversary of Columbus' death, THE VOYAGE OF THE VIZCAINA is a riveting account of shipwreck and adventure, giving readers the story of how the wreck was found and salvaged. Working backward, Brinkbaumer and Hoges combine archaeology and history to recreate the circumstances of the fourth journey, which began in 1502 and ended in 1504. This book is unique in its extensive use of detailed findings to frame its fascinating discoveries and conclusions about exploration in the New World, as well as about the genius and shortcomings of the man known as the Admiral, and credited with the greatest discovery of all time.
‘A magisterial contribution to the understanding of the cultural position of Romani people in Europe. ... nothing short of astounding’ Literary Review This remarkable book describes a dark side of European history: the rejection of the Roma from their initial arrival in the late Middle Ages to the present day. To Europeans, the Roma appeared to be in complete contradiction with their own culture, because of their mysterious origins, unknown language and way of life. As representatives of an oral culture, for centuries the Roma have left virtually no written records of their own. Their history has been conveyed to us almost exclusively through the distorted images that European cultures project. Persecuted and shunned, the Roma nonetheless spread out across the continent and became an important, indeed indispensable element in the European imagination. It is impossible to conceive of the culture of Spain, southern France and much of Central Europe without this pervasive Romani influence. Europe and the Roma brilliantly describes the 'fascination and fear' which have marked Europeans' response to the Romani presence. Countless composers, artists and writers have responded to Romani culture and to fantasies thereof. Their projections onto a group whose illiteracy and marginalization gave it so little direct voice of its own have always been a very uneasy mixture of the inspired, the patronizing and the frighteningly ignorant. The book also shows the link between cultural violence, social discrimination and racist policies that paved the way for the genocide of the Roma.
This book is devoted to non-destructive materials characterization (NDMC) using different non-destructive evaluation techniques. It presents theoretical basis, physical understanding, and technological developments in the field of NDMC with suitable examples for engineering and materials science applications. It is written for engineers and researchers in R&D, design, production, quality assurance, and non-destructive testing and evaluation. The relevance of NDMC is to achieve higher reliability, safety, and productivity for monitoring production processes and also for in-service inspections for detection of degradations, which are often precursors of macro-defects and failure of components. Ultrasonic, magnetic, electromagnetic and X-rays based NDMC techniques are discussed in detail with brief discussions on electron and positron based techniques.
From the reviews of Nazi Germany "The best one-volume history of the Third Reich available.It fills a void which has existed for a long time and it will probably become the basic text for generations of students."-Walter Laqueur "An indispensable, compellingly readable political, military and social history of the Third Reich."-Publishers Weekly From the reviews of History of an Obsession "This is truly a significant work, for Fischer gives a balanced account of a complex subject, making it painfully clear just how Germany became capable of genocide." - Booklist "Fischer writes with a clear mastery of both primary and secondary sources. Synthesizing a wide spectrum of literature into a fine, scholarly work." - Library Journal No decade since the end of World War II has been as seminal in its historical significance as the 1960s. That stormy period unleashed a host of pent-up social and generational conflicts that had not been experienced since the Civil War: intense racial and ethnic strife, cold war terror, the Vietnam War, counter-cultural protests, controversial social engineering, and political rancor. Numerous studies on various aspects of these issues have been written over the past 35 years, but few have so successfully integrated the many-sided components into a coherent, synthetic, and reliable book that combines good storytelling with sound scholarly analysis. The main materials covered will be the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies; the Civil Rights movement; the Vietnam War and the protest it generated; the New Left, student radicals, and Black student militancy; and, finally, the counter-cultural side of the 60s: hippies, sex and Rock 'n' Roll.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global High-Tech Challenge at the Interface of Science, Politics, and Illusions discusses COVID-19 as the first pandemic in the Internet era and our current reality of continuous reports, news, and updates. Since its beginning, we were daily bombarded with news of what was happening around the world. There was no global political leadership. The United States was politically partially paralyzed. Russia and China hoped to gain diplomatic profile worldwide, but their vaccines are of limited efficacy, and trust in their clinical data is rightly low. The European Union did not order enough vaccines in time, but sued a large manufacturer for delivery delays. Now it is setting up yet another bureaucratic institution. At least the pharmaceutical or life science industry paved the way out, but is not enthusiastically praised for it. It would be too easy and superficial to blame mistakes of governments and leaders on stupidity. Idiocy exists, but we have to go deeper to understand how illusions and blind spots in today's common perception and science, inertia, arrogance, conflicts of interest, competition of individuals, and states and institutions for public recognition have contributed to a multitude of flawed assessments and direct mistakes. Healthcare professionals and anyone interested in an in-depth understanding of humankind's response to the COVID-19 challenge will not get around the key conclusions of this book. - Outlines key elements of modern civilization, public health, and drug and vaccine development on the background of the COVID-19 pandemic - Discusses the historical roots of separate drug approval of vaccines and drugs in administratively classified "children" (of whom many are bodily mature long before their 16th or 18th birthday), and why the belated approval of vaccines against COVID-19 in minors is not based on science, but on blurs and conflicts of interest - Outlines key elements we need to address to become better prepared for future global health challenges. In the first place, we do not need new institutions, but to overcome intellectual barriers and blind spots
Chaïm Soutine (1893-1943), the unconventional and controversial painter of Belorussian origin, combines influences of classic European painting with Post-Impressionism and Expressionism. As a member of the Artists from Belarus, a group within the Parisian School, he created an oeuvre mainly consisting of landscapes, still lifes, and portraits. His individual style, characterised by displays of humour and despair and by use of luminous colours, makes him a modern master who is still little understood.
Chaïm Soutine (1893-1943), the unconventional and controversial painter of Belorussian origin, combines influences of classic European painting with Post-Impressionism and Expressionism. As a member of the Artists from Belarus, a group within the Parisian School, he created an oeuvre mainly consisting of landscapes, still lifes, and portraits. His individual style, characterised by displays of humour and despair and by use of luminous colours, makes him a modern master who is still little understood.
Part I Scenario for the Future Chapter 1 Today's Situation, Tommorrow's Prospects 3 Warning Signals .................. . 3 Structural condition no. 1: reduced time resources 4 Structural condition no. 2: reduced financial resources 5 Structural condition no. 3: dramatic increase in complexity 8 The new challenges 11 Darwin rules ......................... . 18 Chapter 2 Organization: Design for Change 23 New tasks - new structures ... 23 The perfect model: the network . 24 Structural principle: process chains 24 Quantum leap to the third millennium 26 Wanted: motivation and identification 27 Corporate culture: five key factors 29 Survival strategy and safeguarding the future 31 Chapter 3 Leadership: the Manager's New Role 33 Management yesterday - management tomorrow 33 Changing the emphasis 33 Management redefined ..... 34 A profession: manager of change 35 Profiling what's needed for the future 38 Contenta r From dignitary to players' coach ......... . 40 The strategic bottleneck in management capacity 42 Part II Designing Change: Basic Principles 45 Chapter 1 The (Psycho)Logical Basis For Failure 47 Cold start ............. . 47 All things good come from above . 49 The "not invented here" syndrome 50 The wrong question ....... . 50 The solution is part of the problem 51 The human image and the organizational model 51 Outlining what's needed and appealing for behavior to match 52 Playing it down - or the truth by installments 53 Dramatizing - or the business of fear ..... 53 Isolated solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 54 Juggling with names - or the "hidden agenda" 56 The credibility gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Few scientific communities have been more thoroughly studied than 20th-century German physicists. Yet their behaviour and patterns of thinking immediately after the war remains puzzling. During the first five post war years they suspended their internecine battles and a strange solidarity emerged. Former enemies were suddenly willing to exonerate each other blindly and even morally upright physicists began to write tirades against the 'denazification mischief' or the 'export of scientists'. Personal idiosyncrasies melded into a strangely uniform pattern of rejection or resistance to the Allied occupiers, with attendant repressed feelings and self-pity. Politics was once again perceived as remote, dirty business. It was feared that the least concession of guilt would bring down even more severe sanctions on their discipline. Using tools from the history of mentality, such as analysis of serial publications, these tendencies are examined. The perspective of emigré physicists, as reflected in their private letters and reports, embellish this portrait.
Klaus von Beyme is a distinguished German political scientist and recipient of the Mattei Dogan Award of Political Science (2012). In honour of his 80th birthday this book addresses political culture, cultural policy, art and politics. The first part on transformation theory analyses: “Historical Memories in Political Theories”, “Historical Memory in Nation-Building and the Building of Ethnic Subsystems”, “The Concept of Totalitarianism – A Reassessment After the Breakdown of Soviet Rule”, “Political Culture – A Concept from Ideological Refutation to Acceptance in the Soviet Social Sciences”, “Institutions and Political Culture in Post-Soviet Russia” and “Political and Economic Consolidation in Eastern Europe. Evidence from Empirical Data”. The second part on cultural policies addresses “Why is There No Political Science of the Arts?”, “Historical Memory and the Arts in the Era of the Avantgardes: Archaisme and Passéisme as a ‘passéisme of the future’”, and “Capital-building in Post-war Germany”.
Once upon the time, in the 1960th a hen or an egg was delivered by the NASA (National Air and Space Agency) that dealt with all kinds of electronic communication to improve the astronauts' safety. It took another 25 years until the first international (European) Conference on Telepathology (electronic communication in pathology) took place in the philosophers' romantic city of Heidelberg in 1992. This book describes all conferences which occurred in a two years period, and the development of telepathology and digital pathology from 1992 until 2018. These fourteen conferences are a mirror of the technological progress in man's understanding and application of virtual worlds and digital medicine, starting from simple face to face communication to open access platforms or social and medical networks and automated image analysis and diagnosis systems. Conferences are information exchange occasions, and, in addition, background of funny events. The reader of this book can experience and enjoy both reliable and founded information of development and perspectives of digital pathology as well as mood and temper of participants who can be considered pioneers and experts in this specific scientific field.
NEL CUORE DELLA PREISTORIA Gobekli Tepe: una straordinaria scoperta archeologica che rivoluziona le nostre conoscenze sul remoto passato dell'uomo e getta una nuova luce sulle antiche tradizioni che hanno originato il racconto biblico della Genesi. Klaus Schmidt, l'archeologo scopritore del primo complesso templare dell'umanita', con questo libro ci conduce per mano dentro l'enigma che attanaglia da sempre gli studiosi della preistoria: donde veniamo e come siamo arrivati fin qui? Davanti a questa domanda cruciale, l'autore non si tira indietro ed avanza ipotesi narrando, in modo coinvolgente, il suo primo impatto con la misteriosa collina di Sanliurfa, nella Turchia orientale, e con i successivi eccezionali ritrovamenti, per poi descrivere con rigore la struttura dell'insediamento neolitico, cercando di interpretare il significato dei colossali pilastri a T disposti a cerchio ed istoriati con straordinari bassorilievi naturalistici o con simboli ancora tutti da decifrare. Il tutto 7000 anni prima delle grandi piramidi egizie e in tempi ancor piu' remoti rispetto all'innalzamento del primo megalite di Stonehenge. Il sito di Gobekli Tepe, con le sue meraviglie provenienti direttamente dall'era glaciale e con quelle che giacciono misteriosamente ancora sotto il manto di terra, e' destinato a cambiare radicalmente la comprensione delle tappe dell'avventura umana. 'La scoperta degli antichissimi templi di Gobekli Tepe (X millennio a.C.) permette per la prima volta di comprendere, con chiarezza senza uguali, come cacciatori e raccoglitori abbiano dato origine alla cultura degli agricoltori sedentari. Un libro affascinante sugli inizi della rivoluzione neolitica.' (Prof. Dr. Friedemann Schrenk, Direttore della sezione paleoantropologica del Senckenberg Museum di Francoforte) 'Questa è la storia della scoperta di un santuario monumentale che, a rigor di logica, non dovrebbe nemmeno esistere. Prima che venisse in luce, infatti, nessuno avrebbe creduto che i nostri predecessori, già 12000 anni fa, fossero in grado di realizzare opere d'arte e d'architettura di tale portata. In questo libro riccamente illustrato l'archeologo Klaus Schmidt, autore degli scavi, descrive quali forze propulsive abbiano potuto manifestarsi in un momento così cruciale per la storia della civilta' umana.'' (Umberto Tecchiati)
The book introduces political ecology - a new discipline or paradigm allowing intercommunication between science, sociology, philosophy, psychology, economics and law"--Introduction.
The must-have reference in dermatology--now completely revised and updated in full color! In no other source but Fitzpatrick's can you find the most comprehensive, current, and authoritative coverage of the entire spectrum of dermatologic science, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Now in a more accessible format, with everything you need to know about skin, skin symptoms, and skin diseases right at your fingertips -- from the basic science of the skin as an immunoprotective organ -- to the day-to-day clinical issues of managing skin diseases like psoriasis, acne, and skin cancer. Encyclopedic in scope, yet skillfully edited so that it's easy to read and use every day, this unsurpassed resource delivers a timely look at dermatologic therapeutics as well as dermatologic surgery and cosmetic dermatology. In addition, 3,000 eye-catching full-color photographs and hundreds of time-saving tables encapsulate core concepts, while scores of references facilitate further research. FEATURES: NEW Full color design “At a glance” overviews give you the key points of every chapter Diagnostic and Treatment algorithms guide you through the clinical thought process Boxes on differential diagnosis with helpful cross-referencing ensure that you find the content you need when you need it Color clinical photographs and useful diagrams let you see diagnosis and treatment as you read about it Over half the illustrations are NEW to this edition! Attention-getting icons lead you to additional content online NEW organization Basic science chapters are grouped with the corresponding clinical chapters Organization of dermatologic disease chapters by location of symptoms and then by causative mechanisms to facilitate comprehension More chapters on dermatologic surgery and cosmetic dermatology NEW CHAPTERS ON: Sweet Syndrome, Parapsoriasis, Lichen Sclerosus, Vitiligo, Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease, Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Diagnostic Procedures and Devices, Body Art, Occupational Skin Disease, Topical Therapy in Ethnically Different Skins, Drug Interactions, Complementary and Alternative Dermatology, Flaps and Grafts, Surgical Complications, Cosmetics and Skin Care in Dermatologic Practice, and more Digital Access: E-BOOK DOWNLOAD of the entire text with the ability to search and annotate content and download images into your own presentations is included in your purchase. ALSO AVAILABLE: Access to Dermatology in General Medicine OnLine (DIGMO) website. SEE INSIDE THE BOOK FOR DETAILS OF THIS OFFER Updated monthly, this all-inclusive online resource is filled with additional text, images, and references
Georges Köhler was one of the most prominent German scientists of recent history. In 1984, at an age of 38, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with N.K. Jerne and C. Milstein, for inventing the technique for generating monoclonal antibodies. This method and its subsequent applications had an enormous impact on basic research, medicine and the biotech industry. In the same year, Köhler became one of the directors of the Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology in Freiburg; his unfortunate premature death in 1995 set an end to his extraordinary career. Prof. Klaus Eichmann, who had invited Köhler to become his codirector, is one of the people who were closest to him. This scientific biography commemorates the 10th anniversary of Köhler's untimely death. Köhler's scientific achievements are explained in a way to make them understandable for the general public and discussed in the historical context of immunological research.
The network paradigm dominated immunological research from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. The originator, Niels Jerne, hypothesized that the vast diversity of antibodies in each individual forms a network of mutual "idiotypic" recognition, thus regulating the immune system. In context of emerging concepts of systems biology such as cybernetics and autopoesis, the "Eigenbehavior" of the immune system fascinated an entire generation of young immunologists. But fascination led to experimental errors and overinterpretation, eventually magnifying the immune system from a mere infection-fighting device to a substrate of personality and individuality. As a result, what initially appeared as an exciting new perspective of the immune system is now viewed as a scientific vagary, and is largely abandoned. The author, himself a participant in the network vagary, begins with a description of the leading theoretical concepts on fact finding in science. This is followed by a historical account of the rise and fall of the network paradigm, complemented by personal interviews with some of the prominent protagonists. By comparing the network paradigm to other, more lasting concepts in life science, the author develops a general perspective on how solid knowledge is derived from error-prone scientific methodology, namely by exposure of scientific notions to the scrutiny of reality.
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