Estimating the human health impact of foodborne disease is a complex task; it requires data from many sources and relies on many assumptions. Using data from surveillance, surveys, and other sources, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that major known pathogens and unspecified agents transmitted by food result in an estimated 47.8 million illnesses, 127,839 hospitalizations, and 3037 deaths each year in the United States. Several other countries have estimated foodborne disease burden using various measures, including disease incidence, the numbers of persons with sequelae of foodborne infections, and economic costs. In 2007, the World Health Organization launched an initiative to estimate the global burden of foodborne disease as an advocacy tool for food safety policy. Estimating the burden of foodborne disease can assist with policy formation and evaluation of the effect of interventions.
This unique text engages students in learning about public health and health policy through a study of current controversies. The textbook uses a structured format to examine each controversy, with discussion questions, and additional learning resources. Many issues connect public health and health care, an important perspective given the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and health system changes at the state level. To get to the root of the controversy . and gain insight as to what must be done to advance the health issue, learners must grasp the breadth and scope of the issue and evidence-base for prevention, dissect out root causes and barriers, then propose strategies for progress. Some of the topics covered include: the acceptance of obesity as a cultural norm; e-cigarettes; binge drinking on college campuses; prescription drug abuse; antibiotic resistance; gun control; preventing concussions; climate change; and more. -- Publisher.
Buy a new version of this textbook and receive access to the Connected eBook with Study Center on CasebookConnect, including: lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabilities; practice questions from your favorite study aids; an outline tool and other helpful resources. Connected eBooks provide what you need most to be successful in your law school classes. Learn more about Connected eBooks Integrating theory and policy in an accessible format, the sterling author team of Federal Income Taxation, Eighteenth Edition imbues its subject with historical, economic, policy, and international perspective. Problems integrated throughout the text bridge the gap between theory and practice. Each edition of this renowned text builds on and adds to the strengths of its predecessors. New to the Eighteenth Edition: Fully updated to reflect changes made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 Professors and students will benefit from: Notes, problems, and graphs that make challenging material accessible The highest integration of economics and policy analysis Great pedigree and authorship: Original authors Boris Bittker and William A. Klein were eminent authorities (with beautiful writing styles). Bankman, Shaviro, Stark, and Kleinbard are among today's leading tax scholars. A manageable length: Even with the new material, Federal Income Taxation is still one of the shortest books around.
What was Paul's attitude toward his own death? How did he act and what did he say and write in view of it? What hopes did he hold for himself beyond death? Alexander N. Kirk explores these questions through a close reading of four Pauline letters that look ahead to Paul's death and other relevant texts in the first two generations after Paul's death (AD 70-160). The author studies portraits of the departed Paul in Acts, 1 Clement, the letters of Ignatius, Polycarp's letter To the Philippians, and the Martyrdom of Paul. He also examines portraits of the departing Paul in 1 and 2 Corinthians, Philippians, and 2 Timothy, arguing that Paul's death did not primarily present an existential challenge, but a pastoral one. Although touching upon several areas of recent scholarly interest, Alexander N. Kirk sets forth a new research question and fresh interpretations of early Christian and Pauline texts.
Essentials of Veterinary Ophthalmology, Third Edition offers an updated introduction to the diagnosis and clinical management of ocular conditions in veterinary patients, providing trusted information in a user-friendly format. The content of the book is distilled from the fifth edition of the gold-standard reference Veterinary Ophthalmology, emphasizing the information most relevant to veterinary students and general practitioners. Fully updated throughout, the Third Edition focuses more strongly on small animals and horses, with streamlined coverage of other species, and new chapters have been added on morphology, physiology, and pharmacology. Carefully designed to be equally useful for learning and in practice, the book offers a streamlined, practical approach, with bolded terms to enhance comprehension. High-quality color photographs provide visual depictions of the conditions discussed. Essentials of Veterinary Ophthalmology, Third Edition is an indispensable resource for veterinary students or clinicians wishing to hone their ophthalmology knowledge and skills.
How did English dramatists portray the neighboring domain of France and its history in their plays? The study examines a selection of Shakespearean and other history plays, the French tragedies of George Chapman, Christopher Marlowe's revealing historical tragedy The Massacre at Paris, and several literary and nonliterary historical texts. The result is a unique and timely contribution to our understanding of how cultural differences influenced the historical perspectives of English dramatists as well as how Renaissance plays shaped, and were shaped by, their historical material. Drawing on the insights of cultural studies, historiography, and ethnography, this study re-examines the historical representation of a neglected yet influential part of early modern Europe and the paradoxical relationship between English writers and their French subject matter. Although information about France and French history was becoming increasingly available in England at the end of the sixteenth century, for English writers France remained a distant land, its history and people misunderstood and misrepresented.
This unique two-volume work seeks for the first time to address in a comprehensive fashion both "substantive" and "procedural" aspects of international criminal law as applied by international and national courts. Substantive topics include individual criminal responsibility, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes against UN and associated personnel, core crimes and defenses, while procedural aspects include the right of suspects and accused, the protection of victims and witnesses, and pre-trial, trial and appeal procedures and practices. In addressing these subjects the work focuses on the practical application of the relevant norms and provides both detailed commentaries by experts in the field "(Commentary volume)," as well as the underlying documentation for each of the topics addressed "(Documents and Cases volume)," With the establishment of the International Criminal Court, the experiences of other international courts, notably the ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda as well as their predecessors, in addressing these issues are of great value and this work is intended to assist practitioners and scholars alike. Additionally, because national courts still have a vital role to play in the application of these norms, attention is given to prosecutions in national jurisdictions. With this work the editors seek both to assist the reader in understanding these important concepts as well as to provide the background documentation such that the reader can conduct his or her own research and come to his or her own conclusions.
First published in 1999, this volume examines the ‘meanings’ specific child protection cases involving the familial sexual abuse of adolescent girls hold for social workers. This is achieved through a qualitative analysis of a series of interviews with social workers regarding current or recent cases. The analysis reveals various influences on social workers’ practice: the organisation and administrative structure of child protection, governmental requirements to interagency coordination, the abused girl, her family, and the skills and limitations of the social worker. The findings point to a series of tensions between social workers’ perceptions of appropriate intervention practice on the one hand and organisational needs, the demands of the criminal justice system and client choice on the other. This leads to recommendations for improved in-service training, including joint training for social workers and police officers, and a review of the transitional procedures between child protection and adult services.
This book examines the extant fragments of the archaic Greek poem known in antiquity as Hesiod's Catalogue of Women. Kirk Ormand shows that the poem should be read intertextually with other hexameter poetry from the eighth to sixth century BCE, especially Homer, Hesiod, and the Cyclic epics. Through literary interaction with these poems, the Catalogue reflects political and social tensions in the archaic period regarding the production of elite status. In particular, Ormand argues that the Catalogue reacts against the 'middling ideology' that came to the fore during the archaic period in Greece, championing traditional aristocratic modes of status. Ormand maintains that the poem's presentation of the end of the heroic age is a reflection of a declining emphasis on nobility of birth in the structures of authority in the emerging sixth century polis.
Marriage is a central concern in five of the seven extant plays of the Greek tragedian Sophocles. In this pathfinding study, Kirk Ormand delves into the ways in which these plays represent and problematize marriage, thus offering insights into how Athenians thought about the institution of marriage. Ormand takes a two-fold approach. He first explores the legal and economic underpinnings of Athenian marriage, an institution designed to guarantee the legitimate continuation of patrilineal households. He then shows how Sophocles' plays Trachiniae, Electra, Antigone, Ajax, and Oedipus Tyrannus both reinforce and critique this ideology by representing marriage as a homosocial exchange between men, in which women are objects who may attempt—but always fail—to become self-acting subjects. These fresh readings provide the first systematic study of marriage in Sophocles. They draw important connections between drama and marriage as rituals concerned with controlling potentially disruptive female subjectivities.
British sleeping sickness control in colonial Uganda and Tanzania became a powerful mechanism for environmental and social engineering that defined and delineated African landscapes, reordered African mobility and access to resources. As colonialism shifted from conquest to occupation, colonial scientists exercised much influence during periods of administrative uncertainty about the role and future of colonial rule. Impartial and objective science helped to justify the British civilizing mission in East Africa by muting the moral ambiguities and violence of colonial occupation. Africans' actions shaped systems of western scientific knowledge as they evolved in colonial contexts. Bridging what might otherwise be viewed as the disparate colonial functions of environmental and health control, sleeping sickness policy by the British was not a straightforward exercise of colonial power. The implementation of sleeping sickness control compelled both Africans and British to negotiate. African elite, farmers, and fishers, and British administrators, field officers, and African employees, all adjusted their actions according to on-going processes of resistance, cooperation and compromise. Interactions between colonial officials, their African agents, and other African groups informed African and British understandings about sleeping sickness, sleeping sickness control and African environments, and transformed Western ideas in practice.
A History of Public Health: From Past to Present uses a structured format to study public health from antiquity to the present time. After a brief introduction, this concise text illuminates defining moments in public health history through stories that illustrate people, principles, and challenges. These are followed by a discussion of history’s relevance to contemporary practice. Suggestions for additional study, discussion questions, and references complete each chapter. Key Features: • Emphasis on selected narratives - more detailed stories - to highlight defining moments in public health history and help readers to remember key historical events, their significance, and determine their relevance to today’s issues and practice. • Easily accessible references and primary sources are included for additional study and context. • Ample visuals and graphics highlight people, priorities, art, public opinion, and trends relevant to the time period,, and more.
This book explores postmodern choreographic engagements of pregnant bodies in the US over the last 70 years. Johanna Kirk discusses how choreographers negotiate identification with the look of their pregnant bodies to maintain a sense of integrity as artists and to control representations of their gender and physical abilities while pregnant. Across chapters, the artists discussed include Anna Halprin, Trisha Brown, Twyla Tharp, Sandy Jamrog, Jane Comfort, Jody Oberfelder, Jawole Willa, Miguel Gutiérrez, Yanira Castro, Noémie LaFrance, and Meg Foley. By presenting their bodies in performance, these artists demonstrate how their experiences surrounding pregnancy intersect not only with their artform and its history but also with their personal experiences of race, gender, and sexual identification. In these pages, Johanna Kirk argues that choreography offers them tools that are alternative to medicine (or other forms of social representation) for understanding what/how pregnant bodies do and feel and what they can mean for individuals and their communities. The works within these chapters invite readers to see dancing bodies and pregnant bodies in new ways and for their potential to manifest new possibilities. This study will be of great interest to students and scholars exploring dance, theatre and performance, race, and gender.
This new third edition of Bradt's Guyana remains the only guidebook available to this South American gem, a jungle-clad country teeming with exotic wildlife. Thoroughly researched, easy to use and interesting to read, Bradt's Guyana is written and updated by writers who have lived in and promoted Guyana for many years and is an ideal companion for all travellers, from wildlife watchers to fishermen, anthropologists to conservationists and 'voluntourists'. Guyana is a destination on the rise, described - justifiably - by the tourist board as 'South America Undiscovered'. This new edition of Bradt's Guyana has been updated to include all the latest developments, ranging from how to see harpy eagles at Warapoka to new culinary experiences, local tour operators, 4x4 self-drive and new hotels. Truly off the beaten track, Guyana is one of the most fascinating and least-known countries in the Americas. It is also the only English-speaking country in South America. The jewel in its crown is the mouth-droppingly beautiful Kaieteur Falls, which is nearly five times the height of Niagara and the world's tallest single-drop waterfall. Culturally Caribbean, its capital Georgetown is a curious melting-pot of quaint Dutch and British colonial architecture, steel drums, boisterous nightlife, rum shops with world-class rum, cricket and tropical sea breezes. It is also the gateway to the lush interior which is full to the brim with fascinating flora and fauna including monkeys, black caiman, harpy eagles, giant anteaters, otters and the mighty jaguar. With Bradt's Guyana, discover all of this, plus where to stay in community lodges and see the rainforest through the eyes of Amerindian guides, where to watch turtles nesting on the beach, how to explore the moody Essequibo river (the largest between the Orinoco and the Amazon), and how to visit the million-acre rainforest reserve of Iwokrama for the ultimate authentic wildlife experience. This third edition of Bradt's Guyana is the key book to plan an expedition into its densely forested lush interior, often accessible only by boat or small aircraft, before taking some 'time to lime' in a hammock in one of its tropical waterfront resorts.
In Not Leaving Your Child To Chance Do you know why God is bringing or has brought ‘your’ child into the world, by you as their parents? As parents, what good does it serve to find out that your fulfilled aspirations in your child are not in line with the stakes God had preset for them? You will find in the Bible that it is not a pleasant discovery. I believe you will not want that to happen to you!! Albeit, do you know how much God values you as parents, for the life of your child? There is a principle in this book that I will like you to ponder over for a moment - As God has ordered things to be in creation for certain specific functions, he has also rendered it certain in creation that without parents, his mission to form Christ’s oneness with the Church cannot happen; since parents are God’s created portals for bringing into the world the child who will become one with Christ, as a member of the Church; therefore, his body and bride. And so, what you have in your hand is this: The book – ‘The Six Habits of Highly Effective Parents,’ which comprise a 6-Point Principles of Christian Parenting. In it, you will learn the powerful lessons that will help you succeed in aligning your parenting with the eternal mission, objective, and the eternal vision of God, for entrusting your child into your hands, Amen!
Cuba has more medical personnel serving abroad—over 50,000 in 66 countries—than all of the G-7 countries combined and more than the World Health Organization. For the last five decades, they have been a leading force in the developing world, providing humanitarian aid (or “cooperation,” as Cuba’s communist government prefers) and initiating programs for preventative care and medical training. In Healthcare without Borders, John Kirk examines the role of Cuban medical teams in disaster relief, biotechnology joint ventures, and in the Latin American School—the largest medical faculty in the world. He looks at their responses to various crises worldwide, including the 1960 earthquake in Chile, the Chernobyl disaster in the Ukraine, the earthquake that wracked Haiti in 2010 and the subsequent cholera outbreak, and the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. Kirk issues an informative and enlightening corrective for what he describes as the tendency of the industrialized world’s media to ignore or underreport this phenomenon as one of the positive aspects of the Cuban revolutionary process. In the process, Kirk explores the philosophical underpinnings of human rights and access to medical care at the core of Cuba’s medical internationalism programs and partnerships.
The Ultimate Fly-Fishing Guide to the Smoky Mountains does more than any other book in print to bring success to a fishing trip. This newly updated landmark volume is an essential guide for anyone planning to fish the rivers, streams, and lakes in the Smokies these fisheries are some of the greatest in the nation. For successful fly-fishing, this guide is as important as the right tackle. The first half of this guide offers advice and history. The second half examines each of the 13 watersheds found within the park. Don Kirk and Greg Ward provide information about trail access, fishing pressure and quality, species, fly hatch information, and campsite availability.
Gossip, rumour, scandal and defamation are just some of the popular discourses examined in this collection of essays by an international group of scholars. Featuring research on a wide range of resource materials (including political literature, police reports, drama, ballads, contemporary fiction, poetry and caricatures) the volume provides an introduction to the history and sociology of dissent. Each chapter explores instances of subversion and scurrility in a particular historical context. Emphasis is placed on the political culture of early modern Britain where new relationships between the state and society were pioneered. From this base further chapters proceed to discuss manifestations of these relationships in other societies and during other periods. Subversion and Scurrility reveals that while the ways in which opposition is expressed are infinitely variable, the impulse to protest is a constant.
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